Viruses are the most abundant microorganisms on the earth, their existence in contaminated waters possesses a significant threat to humans. Waterborne viral infections could be fatal to sensitive population including young child, the elderly, and the immune-compromised. It is imperative to remove viruses during water treatment to better protect public health, especially in the light of evidence of detection of coronaviruses genetic fragments in raw sewage. We reported bench-scale experiments evaluating the extent and mechanisms of removal of a model virus (spring viremia of carp virus, SVCV) in water by adsorption. Microspheres made by boronic acid-modified bacterial cellulose with excellent mechanical strength were successfully fabricated as packing materials for the column to remove glycoproteins and enveloped viruses from water. The synthesized adsorbent was characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) measurement. The adsorption efficiency of glycoproteins was investigated by SDS-PAGE and the Broadford protein assay, while the binding capacity with the virus (spring viremia of carp virus) was monitored by cell culture to calculate the viral cytopathic effect and viral titer caused by the virus. The data obtained from the above experiments showed that ∼3-log removal of SVCV in 3 h, which significantly reduced the virus concentration from microspheres packed column. The present study provides substantial evidence to prove beyond doubt that material based on bacterial cellulose seems to have the potential for virus removal from water which can be extended to systems of significant importance.
Enveloped viruses encased within a lipid bilayer membrane are highly contagious and can cause many infectious diseases like influenza and COVID-19, thus calling for effective prevention and inactivation strategies. Here, we develop a diatomic iron nanozyme with lipoxidase-like (LOX-like) activity for the inactivation of enveloped virus. The diatomic iron sites can destruct the viral envelope via lipid peroxidation, thus displaying non-specific virucidal property. In contrast, natural LOX exhibits low antiviral performance, manifesting the advantage of nanozyme over the natural enzyme. Theoretical studies suggest that the Fe-O-Fe motif can match well the energy levels of Fe 2 minority β-spin d orbitals and pentadiene moiety π* orbitals, and thus significantly lower the activation barrier of cis , cis -1,4-pentadiene moiety in the vesicle membrane. We showcase that the diatomic iron nanozyme can be incorporated into air purifier to disinfect airborne flu virus. The present strategy promises a future application in comprehensive biosecurity control.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）