HYDROMETALLURGY
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2016
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IF 2.29
Ying Zhang,Ting-an Zhang,Guozhi Lv,Guoquan Zhang,Yan Liu,Weiguang Zhang
In the present study, the mechanisms and thermodynamics of vanadium extraction by a mixture of bis-2-ethylhexyl phosphorous acid (D2EHPA) and 2-ethylhexyl phosphorous acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (EHEHPA) from sulfate medium were investigated. It was found that the maximum synergistic factors obtained at X D2EHPA = 0.2 and the reaction of the synergistic extraction is exothermical. Results showed that the mixture system in the presence of complexing agents exhibit a higher extraction efficiency and require a lower acid consumption during the stripping process of vanadium. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy showed that P–O–H and P O of the extractants are responsible for the synergistic extraction of VO 2 + species by cation exchange mechanism and some hydrogen bonds between EHEHPA and D2EHPA formed in the synergistic extraction system. With the slope analysis method, the reaction of the synergistic extraction was mainly predicted.
研究领域:
化学工程
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环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2016
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IF 3.299
Guozhi Zhang,Desheng Chen,Wei Zhao,Hongxin Zhao,Lina Wang,Dan Li,Tao Qi
A selective synergistic extraction process for recovering vanadium (V) from the high-acidity chloride leaching liquor was proposed. Vanadium (V) extraction from the simulated high-acidity leaching liquor with numerous impurities using a mixed extractant consisting of tricaprylmethylammonium chloride (Aliquat 336) and tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) was studied while obvious synergism was found. According to synergistic enhancement coefficient and physical property of organic phase, the suitable extractant composition was the volume ratio of Aliquat 336 to TBP 1:4. The vanadium (V) extraction increased sharply as HCl concentration increased from 1.01 mol/L to 4.13 mol/L. Under the optimum extraction conditions (extractant concentration of 50 vol%, 1 min, 25–30 °C, and phase ratio (O/A) of 1:1), the vanadium extraction with three stages was above 90.0%. Almost no other impurity ions, such as Ca, Al, Mg, Cr, Ti, Mn, and Si, were co-extracted. Under the optimum stripping conditions, the vanadium stripping was above 92.0% in a single stage using water as the effective stripping reagent. High-quality V 2 O 5 product was obtained after precipitation and calcination . The mechanism of vanadium (V) extraction by Aliquat 336–TBP mixed extractant was discussed based on the analysis of FT-IR and UV–vis spectra.
研究领域:
冶金学
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化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
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2023
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IF 8.4
Qiyuan Zheng,Zuoying Cao,Shengxi Wu,Qinggang Li,Mingyu Wang,Wenjuan Guan,Guiqing Zhang
Direct extraction of Ni(II) from Fe(III), Al(III), Ca(II), Mg(II), and Mn(II) is a bottleneck issue in the hydrometallurgy processes of laterite-nickel ore, spent batteries, and other secondary sources. One of the biggest challenges in achieving direct extraction of Ni(II) is the lack of stable and efficient extractants. Hence, a novel bipyridine extractant MSL211 was designed and synthesized in this paper. With its strong steric resistance and electrostatic interaction, MSL211 can form a stable eight-membered chelating ring with Ni(II), thereby having a high bonding ability toward Ni(II). Therefore, based on the high bonding ability of MSL211 toward Ni(II) and the low extraction capacity of DNNSA for Fe(III), an efficient synergistic extraction system of DNNSA-MSL211 was proposed. The synergistic extraction system of DNNSA-MSL211 realizes direct extraction of Ni(II) from Fe(III), Al(III), Ca(II), Mg(II), and Mn(II) without neutralization, precipitation, and solid/liquid separation processes, which are inevitable but problematic processes in the current hydrometallurgy processes for removing Fe(III), Al(III), and Mn(II). The effects of the molar ratios of DNNSA:MSL211, shaking time, temperature, O/A ratios, and equilibrium pH on the extraction behavior of Ni(II) were investigated. Under optimum conditions, the extraction efficiency of Ni(II) was as high as 97.62%, and the separation coefficient of Ni(II) over all impurities was greater than 400. To elucidate the mechanism of the high selectivity of DNNSA-MSL211 toward Ni(II), DFT calculations were carried out to calculate the binding energy (ΔE) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG(ext)) of the extraction process. Furthermore, this paper investigated the entire ″extraction-stripping″ process, demonstrating that the synergistic extraction system of DNNSA-MSL211 avoids neutralization, precipitation, and solid/liquid separation processes, minimizes hazardous waste generation, and shortens process flow while meeting the objectives of sustainable and clean production.
研究领域:
化学工程
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环境科学
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DOI
高影响因子
HYDROMETALLURGY
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2024
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IF 4.8
Xinyu Cheng,Dong Shi,Yuze Zhang,Xiaowu Peng,Shaolei Xie,Lijuan Li,Yong Niu,Yuxuan Wang,Fugen Song
Cesium is an important strategic resource, and solvent extraction is the most frequently used technology for its extraction from various minerals and brines. However, this common method faces operational and cost problems owing to large alkali consumption. A synergistic extraction system consisting of 4- tert -butyl-2-(α-methylbenzyl) phenol (t-BAMBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) was designed and used to extract Cs + from an alkali-free solution. The effects of variables such as: (i) pH, (ii) concentration of t-BAMBP and D2EHPA, (iii) temperature, (iv) Cs + concentration, and (v) coexisting cations, on the Cs + extraction performance of the synergistic system were investigated. The most suitable organic phase composition was 1.0 mol/L t-BAMBP and 0.1 mol/L D2EHPA in kerosene, and the synergistic coefficient was up to 57 at 25 °C and an organic/aqueous phase volume ratio of 1/1. The extraction sequence of cations using the t-BAMBP–D2EHPA synergistic system followed the descending order Cs + > Rb + > Ca 2+ > K + > Li + > Mg 2+ > Na + . The chemical formula of the extracted species was determined as [CsA(HA)(ROH) 2 ] using the slope method. The Cs + extraction process is an exothermic reaction with an enthalpy ( ΔH o ) of −55.3 kJ mol −1 , confirmed by the thermodynamic study. After three-stage countercurrent extraction, the extraction efficiency of Cs + was 92.6%, demonstrating excellent selectivity from coexisting cations. The t-BAMBP–D2EHPA synergistic system showed outstanding economic and environmental advantages and a good application prospect to develop a conceptual process flowsheet for extraction with this system and stripping with HCl to separate cesium salt from salt-lake brine.
研究领域:
化学工程
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环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
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2018
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IF 5.651
Chao Guo,Qi Cao,Bokun Chen,Siyu Yang,Yu Qian
Due to the limitation of the existing solvents, the phenols recovery process cannot control phenols concentration to less than 300 mg/L. Therefore, this study presented a synergistic phenols extraction process by using optimal design solvent mixture. The solvent mixture was proposed with the volume ratio of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) to n-pentanol 6:4. The synergistic extraction process was simulated to acquire the parameters with treatment 130 t/h coal gasification wastewater. The removal efficiencies of phenols and treatment costs for the synergistic extraction process had been addressed. The removal efficiency of total phenols can reach to 97.0% after two-stage extraction, and the concentration of total phenols can be decreased from 6273 mg/L to 190 mg/L. Compared with single solvent MIBK, the reduction of phenols emissions is 47.2% by proposed solvent mixture. The operation cost and income of crude phenols showed that synergistic extraction process realized profit about 3.35 CNY/t. Given the removal efficiencies and treatment costs, the solvent mixture (60% MIBK, 40% n-pentanol) is very promising for phenols removal.
研究领域:
环境科学
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化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
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2018
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IF 2.196
Chao Guo,Yangtong Tan,Yu Qian,Siyu Yang
The synergistic effect for a solvent mixture of 2-pentanone and n-pentanol to extract hydroquinone from aqueous solution was investigated. Liquid–liquid equilibria data for the quaternary (2-pentanone + n-pentanol + hydroquinone + water) system were measured under atmospheric pressure at 298.2 K, using various compositions of solvent mixture. The tie-line length was calculated to estimate the size of the immiscibility zone. The distribution coefficient and separation factor were calculated to evaluate the extraction efficiencies. The experimental data were correlated with NRTL and UNIQUAC models, and the corresponding binary interaction parameters were obtained.
研究领域:
化学工程
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物理化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2017
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IF 3.359
Licheng Zhang,Lijuan Li,Dong Shi,Jinfeng Li,Xiaowu Peng,Feng Nie
Innovative application of Synergistic extraction system benzoyltrifluoroacetone(HBTA) and tri-n-octyl phosphine oxide(TOPO) for the extraction of lithium from alkaline brine were investigated. The extraction efficiencies of this extraction system were measured as a function of various extraction parameters, including pH value of aqueous phase, extraction temperature, and composition of organic phase. The extraction complex was determined by slope analysis method, which indicated that HBTA, TOPO and lithium formed a 2:1:1 complex. With this system, separation factor between lithium and sodium could be over 2100 by two stages countercurrent extraction according to McCabe Thiele diagram, and lithium extraction could be 95%. Co-extracted or restrained sodium in organic phase could be fully scrubbed by 0.5 M HCl at O/A = 10:1 and equilibrium pH = 4.68. Lithium reserved in organic phase was stripped completely into aqueous phase using 2.5 M HCl at O/A = 10:1 subsequently. Blank organic after stripping was regenerated by 2 M NaOH at R = 70% for next extraction circle. Stability test of organic phase was conducted with five-stage extraction process containing two stages extraction, single stage scrubbing, stripping and regeneration. Lithium yield reached 95.5% with high purity through the process, neither emulsification nor third phase was found during whole process.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
HYDROMETALLURGY
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2022
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IF 4.217
Ruibing Bai,Junfeng Wang,Daoguang Wang,Junjie Cui,Yanqiang Zhang
In view of the complex problems for the ionic liquids (ILs) recovery with the system containing ILs and TBP, this work proposed a NaNTf 2 -based synergistic extraction system, NaNTf 2 + TBP, which could realize the effective reutilization of the extraction system without reducing the lithium separation ability. Under the optimal extraction parameters, the extraction efficiency of Li + exceeded 98%, while that of Mg 2+ was only ~1%. The results of mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and slope analysis showed that two TBP molecules involved in the extraction process of Li + , and the Li + extraction mechanism obeyed the cation-exchange process. According to the red shift of the FT − IR peak of P O in TBP and the chemical shift changes of P in 31 P NMR, the interaction strength between TBP and different metal ion followed the sequence: E TBP−H >> E TBP−Li > E TBP−Mg > E TBP−K > E TBP−Na . It was also found that after a three−stage countercurrent extraction process, [Li + ] org was 0.42 g L −1 , and the total recovery efficiency of Li + was about 98%. The saturated extraction capacity for Li + could be as high as 5.4 g L −1 , and Li + could be stripped with the aqueous solution containing 0.2 mol L -1 HCl. In addition, the extraction efficiency of Li + was almost not attenuated after 6 extraction cycles. This new extraction system shows a certain industrial application prospect for Li + separation from the salt lake bine with high Mg/Li ratio.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
HYDROMETALLURGY
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2025
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IF 5.3
Haokai Peng,Zuoying Cao,Shengxi Wu,Qinggang Li,Mingyu Wang,Xinsheng Wu,Wenjuan Guan,Guiqing Zhang
As the demand for Ni continues to rise, the recovery of Ni from electroplating sludge leachate has become an effective approach to alleviate supply constraints. However, the presence of impurities such as Cu, Zn, and Ca in the leachate complicates the Ni recovery process. To address these challenges, a novel pyridine group extractant, 2-((dodecylthio) methyl) pyridine (DMPY), was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for its synergistic performance with Versatic 10 (C 10 H 20 O 2 ) in selectively extracting Ni. Under optimal conditions, Ni was selectively recovered from electroplating sludge leachate including Cu, Zn, and Ca through three steps of the extraction processes. Mechanistic studies revealed that both DMPY and Versatic 10 anion coordinated with Ni 2+ , providing charge balance, forming the complex [Ni 2+ (DMPY) 2 (C₁₀H 19 O₂ − ) 2 ]. This synergistic solvent system significantly improved Ni extraction efficiency while minimizing reagent consumption. In conclusion, The DMPY-Versatic 10 system offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution, enhancing the hydrometallurgical treatment of polymetallic electroplating sludge and contributing to resource recovery and environmental protection.
研究领域:
湿法冶金
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环境工程
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化学分离
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资源回收
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可持续化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2024
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IF 8.1
Shuang Sun,Yuefeng Deng,Ji Chen,Dan Zou,Yaxing Han,Mingyang Liu
Lithium has become increasingly important because of its irreplaceable role in lithium-ion batteries. Addressing the complex process and high energy consumption of the current adsorption-membrane integrated process for lithium extraction from high Mg/Li ratio salt lake brine, this study put forward an integrated process of adsorption-solvent extraction. Taking the desorption solution of adsorption method as raw material, the process parameters and extraction mechanism of lithium by the novel extraction system were investigated. A novel process of lithium recovery from the desorption solutions of salt lakes by solvent extraction was proposed for the first time. The composition of the extraction system was studied and determined to be HTTA-P113-kerosene. Compared with the previously reported neutral ligands (TOPO, Cyanex923), P113 not only exhibited excellent synergistic extraction ability but also had good miscibility and a green synthesis process. The effects of saponification degree, extraction time, temperature and phase ratio on lithium extraction and β Li/Na were systematically investigated. Through the four-stage countercurrent extraction, more than 99.2 % of lithium could be extracted by the organic phase consisting of 0.4 mol L −1 HTTA, 0.4 mol L −1 P113, saponification degree of 80 % at O/A ratio of 1:1 and equilibrium pH of 6.78. Furthermore, after the scrubbing and stripping process, the lithium-rich solution containing 21.64 g L −1 Li + and 0.037 g L −1 Na + was obtained. The Li 2 CO 3 products with a purity of 99.5 % were successfully prepared from the lithium-rich solution by precipitation method. Finally, the extraction mechanism was studied via the slope analysis method and FT-IR spectra. It was indicated that the extracted lithium species were Li(TTA)(P113).
研究领域:
化学工程
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环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOM
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2025
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IF 2.3
Du Jinjing,Wang Dongbo,Ma Jiayi,Zhai Ruitong,Lin Haiyang,Wang Bin,Li Qian,He Xihong,Zuo Heng
This study investigated the extraction performance of the DBM (bibenzoylmethane) + Cyanex 923 system, proposing a novel method for the selective recovery of lithium from lithium sulfate solutions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to elucidate the synergistic extraction mechanism. The results demonstrated that the DBM + Cyanex923 synergistic system effectively achieved lithium–sodium separation, with the organic phase composition and equilibrium pH significantly influencing the separation efficiency. Under optimized conditions (organic phase: 0.5 mol/L DBM + 1 mol/L Cyanex923; aqueous phase: 2 g/L Li, 50 g/L Na; pH 12; 25°C; phase ratio O/A = 1:1), a single-stage lithium extraction rate of 92.1% was achieved. For the simulated feed solutions containing 2 g/L Li and 50 g/L Na, a two-stage countercurrent extraction process at O/A = 1:2 yielded more than 99% lithium extraction. Using 0.5 mol/L H 2 SO 4 as the washing solution at O/A = 2:1 through two-stage countercurrent extraction, the sodium concentration in the loaded organic phase was reduced to less than 0.05 g/L, with a washing efficiency exceeding 97.8%. Three-stage countercurrent stripping with 1.5 mol/L H 2 SO 4 at O/A = 3:1 produced stripping solutions containing 17.12 g/L Li and 1.02 g/L Na, resulting in sodium impurity removal rates above 98%.
研究领域:
环境化学
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湿法冶金
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资源循环利用
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分离科学
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无机化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL
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2025
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IF 7.5
Dandan Luo,Lan Yi,Jialing Chen,Hao Luo,Yuncai Song,Yi Huang,Xiaoqin Wu,Wen-Ying Li
The upgrading of coal-based fuels by eliminating acidic phenols and basic N-heterocyclic compounds is key to generating clean fuels, yet their simultaneous elimination is still a formidable challenge. According to this research, a tetraethylammonium chloride/oxalic acid (TEAC/OA) deep eutectic solvent (DES) realizes high simultaneous extraction efficiencies (>97 %) and a synergistic promotion: m -cresol’s extraction efficiency is increased from 90.6 % to 97.5 % by the presence of quinoline. In order to reveal the origin of this high performance, the integration between multi-scale simulations and spectroscopic analysis was conducted. The findings reveal that the high performance is caused by a complex “division-of-labor” system, where the Cl – anion anchors m -cresol while the quinoline is sequestered by the TEA + and OA. This selective capture is thermodynamically boosted, with the target molecules showing greater calculated interplay energies than the oil matrix. A near two-order-of-magnitude reduction in the diffusion parameters of the target molecules upon extraction further confirms the merit of this molecular “caging”. This research shows an effective method to purify complicated fuel oils and set up a novel principle of synergistic design for next-generation extractive separation media.
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DOI
高影响因子
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