Li Zhang,Dongyu Dong,Leishan Shao,Yifan Xia,Teng Zeng,Yinghan Wang
Herein, a superhydrophobic and superoleophilic melamine sponge is fabricated by immersing the original sponges in ethanol solution containing tannin acid and n-octadecylamine. Meanwhile, the reagents are more economical and eco-friendly than commonly superhydrophobic modified materials such as dopamine, graphene, and 1-dodecanethiol. By integrating the high porosity, superior elasticity, and mechanical stability of the raw sponge with the low surface energy of n-octadecylamine and their nanometer scale roughness, the modified sponge not only possesses superhydrophobic surface with the water contact angle of 154.8°, but also exhibits excellent adsorption performance (absorption weight ranging from 70 to 148 times of its own) and extraordinary recyclability. The treated sponge also have superb separation efficiency for oil/water mixtures and emulsions, 99.95% and 99.57%, respectively. Besides, the simple processing is easy to scale up. All the merits manifest that this superhydrophobic sponge is the desired candidate for handing oil pollution in the sea.
Porous materials with excellent mechanical stability and robust superhydrophobic performance exhibit promising prospect for practical applications in the field of oil−water separation. The construction of superhydrophobic surfaces typically involve two individual steps, including increase surface roughness and decrease surface energy. Unlike traditionally approach, the superhydrophobic performance of modified PU sponge can be accomplished by one−pot approach, which does not require complicated processing procedures or specific equipment. The present study successfully developed a superhydrophobic porous PU sponge using a facile and cost−effective one−pot approach by employing tannic acid (TA), 3–aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), and octadecyltrimethoxysilane (ODTS) as superhydrophobic modifiers. The water contact angle of the modified PU sponge was determined approximately 152.3 °, suggesting its superhydrophobic characteristic. The modified PU sponge showed remarkable environmental tolerance when subjected to a wide pH range of acidic and alkaline solutions. The WCAs remained consistently above 150°, indicating its durability and stability against harsh circumstances. The superhydrophobic PU sponge also demonstrated remarkable of self−cleaning and antifouling capacities. The obtained sponge exhibited an impressive selective oil adsorption capacity from oil−water mixtures, ranging from 18.7 to 88.4 times of its initial mass, depending on the specific type of oil utilized in the test. The sponge still maintained its excellent adsorption capacity even after 20 cycles of adsorption–squeezing experiment. Immiscible oil−water mixtures with different densities could also be highly effectively separated by the superhydrophobic PU sponge in a continuous way. The separation efficiencies for diesel/water and chloroform/water were determined to be 98.5 % and 99.5 %, respectively, demonstrating outstanding levels of continuous separation effectiveness. With the readily available PU sponge as substrate material and the simple modification process, this work could provide a potential pathway for fabrication of cost−effective, long durable, and high efficient superhydrophobic materials in oil/water separation.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）