Some commonly used surfactants in cosmetic products raise concerns due to their skin-irritating effects and environmental contamination. Multifunctional, high-performance polymers are good alternatives to overcome these problems. In this study, agarose stearate (AS) with emulsifying, thickening, and gel properties was synthesized. Surfactant-free cosmetic formulations were successfully prepared from AS and carbomer940(CBM940) mixed systems. The correlation of rheological parameter with skin feeling was determined to study the usability of the mixed systems in cosmetics. Based on rheological analysis, the surfactant-free cosmetic cream (SFC) stabilized by AS-carbomer940showed shear-thinning behavior and strongly synergistic action. The SFC exhibited a gel-like behavior and had rheological properties similar to commercial cosmetic creams. Scanning electron microscope images proved that the AS-CBM940network played an important role in SFC’s stability. Oil content could reinforce the elastic characteristics of the AS-CBM940matrix. The SFCs showed a good appearance and sensation during and after rubbing into skin. The knowledge gained from this study may be useful for designing surfactant-free cosmetic cream with rheological properties that can be tailored for particular commercial cosmetic applications. They may also be useful for producing medicine products with highly viscous or gel-like textures, such as some ointments and wound dressings.Keywords:agarose stearate;carbomer940;surfactant-free cosmetics;rheological behavior;sensory evaluation
Wang Huanhuan,Liu Yang,Cai Kun,Zhang Bin,Tang Shijie,Zhang Wancong,Liu Wenhua
BackgroundPolysaccharide-based hydrogels have been developed for many years to treat burn wounds. Essential oils extracted from aromatic plants generally exhibit superior biological activity, especially antibacterial properties. Studies have shown that antibacterial hydrogels mixed with essential oils have great potential for burn wound healing. This study aimed to develop an antibacterial polysaccharide-based hydrogel with essential oil for burn skin repair.MethodsEucalyptus essential oil (EEO), ginger essential oil (GEO) and cumin essential oil (CEO) were employed for the preparation of effective antibacterial hydrogels physically crosslinked by carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and carbomer 940 (CBM). Composite hydrogels were prepared and characterized using antimicrobial activity studies, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometery, rheological analysis, viscosity, swelling, water loss rate and water vapor transmission rate studies. In addition, the biocompatibility of hydrogels was evaluated in vivo by cytotoxicity and cell migration assays and the burn healing ability of hydrogels was tested in vivo using burn-induced wounds in mice.ResultsThe different essential oils exhibited different mixing abilities with the hydrogel matrix (CMC and CBM), which caused varying levels of reduction in essential oil hydrogel viscosity, swelling and water vapor transmission. Among the developed hydrogels, the CBM/CMC/EEO hydrogel exhibited optimal antibacterial activities of 46.26 ± 2.22% and 63.05 ± 0.99% against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively, along with cell viability (>92.37%) and migration activity. Furthermore, the CBM/CMC/EEO hydrogel accelerated wound healing in mouse burn models by promoting the recovery of dermis and epidermis as observed using a hematoxylin–eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining assay. The findings from an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated that the CBM/CMC/EEO hydrogel could repair wounds through interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α downregulation and transforming growth factor-β, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor upregulation.ConclusionsThis study successfully prepared a porous CBM/CMC/EEO hydrogel with high antibacterial activity, favorable swelling, optimal rheological properties, superior water retention and water vapor transmission performance and a significant effect on skin repair in vitro and in vivo. The results indicate that the CBM/CMC/EEO hydrogel has the potential for use as a promising burn dressing material for skin burn repair.
Jie Wang,Yiming Sun,Xiaoqing Liu,Yongyuan Kang,Wangbei Cao,Juan Ye,Changyou Gao
Both bacteria-infection and excessive inflammation delay the wound healing process and even create non-healing wound, thus it is highly desirable to endow the wound dressing with bactericidal and anti-oxidation properties. Herein an antibacterial and antioxidation hydrogel based on Carbomer 940 (CBM) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) loaded with tea polyphenols (TP) and hyperbranched poly- l -lysine (HBPL) was designed and fabricated. The hydrogel killed 99.9 % of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA ) and Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) at 10 7 CFU mL −1 , and showed strong antioxidation against H 2 O 2 and 2,2-di(4- tert -octylphenyl)-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radicals without noticeable cytotoxicity in vitro . The CBM/HPMC/HBPL/TP hydrogel significantly shortened the inflammatory period of the MRSA-infected full-thickness skin wound of rats in vivo , with 2 orders of lower MRSA colonies compared with the blank control, and promoted the wound closure especially at the earlier stage. The inflammation was suppressed and the vascularization was promoted significantly as well, resulting in reduced pro-inflammatory factors including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and increased anti-inflammatory factors such as interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10).
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