Presence of unsaturated bonds and halogen-containing groups is the most common characteristic of toxic and harmful environmental pollutants. Herein, catalytic hydrogenation was chosen as a water quality control method for such contaminants. Considering the safety, availability and activity of the hydrogen source, electrochemical in situ hydrogen generation was introduced. Under the combined action of Raney Ni (R-Ni) and nascent hydrogen (Nas-H 2 ), three compounds (50 mg L −1 , 90 ml), i.e., acrylamide, 2, 6-dibromo-4-nitrophenol and 2-chloro-4-fluorobenzonitrile achieved complete hydrogenation reduction in a short time. The improved system realized the quantitative consumption of hydrogen source and the efficient operation of hydrogenation reaction under mild conditions. Additionally, the alkaline environment formed by hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) avoided secondary pollution caused by catalyst dissolution. Atomic hydrogen (H·) produced from R-Ni and Nas-H 2 was the active free radical of the reaction. The hydrogenation activities of different functional groups were obtained according to the following order: Ph-NO 2 ＞ -C = C- ＞ Ph-C≡N ＞ Ph-Br ＞ Ph-Cl ＞ Ph-F. This work indicates that the catalytic hydrogenation system consisting of R-Ni and Nas-H 2 is a promising technology to reduce unsaturated bonds and halogen-containing groups.
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZBs) suffer from poor reversibility and limited lifespan due to parasitic side reactions and dendrite growth induced by active water. Although additives are widely used to address these issues by reducing the water content within the Zn-ion solvation sheaths, the strong interaction between the additives and Zn2+ causes poor de-solvation kinetics. Here, we propose a strategy that introduces an electron-withdrawing halogen group to reduce the polarity of the sugar additive. Theoretical simulations and experimental results demonstrate that a sucralose additive with optimal polarity can decrease the coordinated active water without hindering the de-solvation kinetics of Zn2+. This effectively regulates the overpotential and inhibits side reactions. Meanwhile, the additive can adsorb onto the surface of the Zn metal to modify the direction of zinc deposition and suppress dendrite growth. As a result, the Zn//Zn symmetric cell with the sucralose electrolyte additive exhibits an outstanding cycling life of 2400 h at a current density of 1 mA cm−2. Moreover, when coupled with the V2O5 cathode, the full battery also demonstrates excellent operational stability, achieving 4000 cycles with a retained capacity of 51.84%.
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