Furong Li,Gangxu Duan,Zhigang Wang,Dan Liu,Yifan Cui,Sibudjing Kawi,Shaomin Liu,Xiaoyao Tan
BaCe 0.7 Zr 0.1 Y 0.2 O 3-δ /Ni-BaCe 0.7 Zr 0.1 Y 0.2 O 3-δ dual-layer hollow fiber membranes are prepared by a co-spinning/co-sintering method, which is a simple and practical technique to integrate the electrolyte (BaCe 0.7 Zr 0.1 Y 0.2 O 3-δ ) and the electrode (Ni-BaCe 0.7 Zr 0.1 Y 0.2 O 3-δ ). A galvanic hydrogen pump is assembled by using this dual-layer hollow fiber membrane for hydrogen separation from dilute H 2 streams, in which the hydrogen permeation can be moderately controlled by the applied voltage. At 550℃ and 2 V voltage, a hydrogen flux of 2.15 mL·min −1 ·cm −2 and a hydrogen recovery rate of 81% are obtained when the feed is low concentration (13 vol%) H 2 stream. The one-step manufacturing method of integrating electrolytes and electrodes can be regarded as a more efficient method for the mass production of micro-tubular galvanic hydrogen pumps.
In this study, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) dual-layer hollow-fiber UF membranes were prepared via phase inversion in one step. Laboratory-synthesized amphiphilic poly(vinylidene fluoride)- g -poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PVDF- g -POEM) was incorporated as a hydrophilic modifier of the outer layer by blending. The effects of the dope formulation and membrane formation conditions on membrane structure and UF performance were investigated. The parameters investigated included the PVDF- g -POEM loading in the outer layer, the PEG additive content in the outer layer, the external coagulant composition, and the polymer concentration in the inner layer. The effects of adding PVDF- g -POEM and PEG were found to depend on the external coagulant composition; when a water/ethanol mixture was used as coagulant, the fibers formed in the presence of PEG exhibited larger pores, as confirmed by both SEM characterization and a solute rejection method. The porosity of the inner layer was observed to increase with decreasing inner-layer dope concentration and upon weakening the external coagulant. A more porous inner layer led to a higher transmembrane pure water flux. An antifouling test confirmed that both membrane hydrophobicity and surface pore size affected the membrane fouling pattern and the final FRR. The highest FRR of 83.3% was obtained with the hollow fiber M5A, which was characterized by a compact surface and contained PVDF- g -POEM in its polymer matrix.
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