The in-situ preparation of LiCl–KCl–ZrCl 4 melt was investigated by the replacement reaction between Zr and CuCl in LiCl–KCl melt at 500 °C, and the reaction progress was also investigated by a series of electrochemical techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry , square wave voltammetry and open circuit chronopotentiometry . The electrochemical signals show that the concentration of Zr(IV) ions increases gradually and then reaches to the maximum value with the reaction time increasing from 0 to 180 min, while the concentration of Cu(I) ions decreases rapidly and drops to below the detection limit of the electrochemical tests. Meanwhile, the concentrations of Cu and Zr ions in the melt were determined over time by chemical analysis in the course of reaction. The results are in good agreement with the electrochemical tests. Finally, LiCl–KCl melts with (0.837 wt.% ∼ 1.709 wt.%) ZrCl 4 are obtained, and the final concentration of Cu(I) in the melt has dropped to below 0.025 wt.% when the reaction lasted for 180 min.
As emerging green solvents, ionic liquids (ILs) have promising applications in many fields. However, its long reaction time and high price restrict its industrial application. The main reason for this is due to the generation of droplets during the synthesis reaction. Aiming at the process intensification of the 1-methylimidazole (MIM)-based ILs, this paper has studied the evolution behavior of the droplets during its synthesis according to droplet breakage theory. The results show that the droplet size distribution (DSD) and its number density are closely related to the reaction progress. By comparing the Kolmogoroff microscale and droplet size, the synthesis process can be divided into Reaction stage I, when the conversion of MIM is below 60%, and Reaction stage II, when the conversion of MIM is beyond 60%. High stirring speed and temperature increase have been put forward for each stage. The reaction time can be effectively reduced by 43.93%, which is instructive in improving the production efficiency of [BMIM]Br.
Integrating boron carbide ceramics (B4C) with tungsten (W) presents great potential for the development of advanced shielding materials. This study focuses on achieving exceptional bonding between B4C and W by fine-tuning the graded interfaces guided by the comprehensive thermodynamic reaction information. The results show that as the W content increases in the graded interlayers, the unstable entropy between B4C and W system drives the reaction progress along the following stages, W2B5 → W2B5 + WB → WB + WC → W2B + W2C. The multi-scale cracks within B4C/W composites and B4C/W graded materials are mainly due to mismatched properties and inherent brittleness of the induced interphases, which can be effectively mitigated by reducing phases such as WB and WC.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）