Royal Society Open Science
·
2019
·Vol. 6
·期 5
·
IF 2.515
Yucheng Chang,Yongming Luo,Caihong Xu,Jianling Zhao
Polysilazane (PSN2) was used as chemical foaming agent to prepare epoxy foam for the first time. Using the new foaming agent, epoxy foams with high strength and low density were successfully prepared. The density of epoxy foam can be tuned from 0.321 to 0.151 g cm−3 by changing the content of PSN2 from 2.50 to 7.50 wt%, with the compressive strength varied from 7.39 to 1.25 MPa. The morphology, porosity, mechanical property, thermal conductivity and adhesive property of foams with different polysilazane content were investigated. Besides, the effect of polyamine curing agent and surfactant on foams was also investigated to optimize the as-prepared epoxy foam.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2013
·
IF 2.206
Panyue Wen,Xiaofeng Wang,Weiyi Xing,Xiaming Feng,Bin Yu,Yongqian Shi,Gang Tang,Lei Song,Yuan Hu,Richard K. K. Yuen
A novel hyperbranched char foaming agent (HCFA), successfully synthesized via the polycondensation of 2-chloro-4,6-di-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-s-triazine (CHT), was combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to endow polypropylene (PP) with flame retardance. The study of thermal stability of various PP composites showed that HCFA/APP system could effectively improve the thermal degradation and thermal-oxidative stability of the char residues, and PP3 containing 30 wt % APP/HCFA with a 3/1 weight ratio left the highest amount of char residue at 700 °C. The results of flammability revealed that PP3 had the most effective flame retardancy and lowest fire hazards. The investigation of structure and morphology of char residues indicated that the compact and foaming char layer, as a good barrier against the transmission of heat and volatiles, was formed for PP3 during combustion.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
·
2021
·
IF 6.141
Li Hou,Jun Li,Zhongyuan Lu,Yunhui Niu
Foaming agent is an indispensable component in preparation of foam concrete by using prefabricated foams. In this study, four types of foaming agents were used to prepare foam concrete. Effect of foaming agent on properties of fresh and hardened foam concrete, interaction between foaming agent and cement, and the gas–liquid interface in foam concrete were studied. It is observed that the interaction between foaming agent and cement played a greater role in the formation process of foam concrete. The property of gas–liquid interface of foam concrete was the most important factor for the performance of in foam concrete, which determined the stability of fresh foam concrete, the pore structure and the products on the pore wall of hardened foam concrete. Finally, the evolution mechanism of foams in new foam concrete w discussed.
研究领域:
建筑材料学
·
化学工程
·
土木工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials
·
2025
·
IF 4.9
Jin Shuang,Yang Jiaxin,Pu Changtao,Yang Lan,Zhou Yuhui
Multifunctional and lightweight polymer foams exhibit a promising prospect, both nucleating and foaming agent play a crucial role among it. Moreover, nucleating agent with cavity structure showed a great influence on the cell morphology of foaming materials. In this work, nucleating agent hemicucurbit[6]uril@reduced graphene oxide (HQ[6]@RGO) was prepared through structurally variable reduced graphene oxide (RGO) complexing with hemicucurbit[6]uril (HQ[6]). Foaming agent 1, 2-cyclohexanediamine-CO 2 (TRK-CO 2 ) was obtained through curing CO 2 by using 1, 2-cyclohexanediamine (TRK) under normal temperature and pressure, and CO 2 can be reversibly released under heating. Finally, polyethylene (PE) foams were prepared with complex nucleating-foaming agent (HQ[6]@RGO: TRK-CO 2 ) through mold foaming process. The results showed that the specially designed HQ[6]@RGO: TRK-CO 2 based on the classical nucleation theory can effectively improve the foaming behavior of PE. The optimal cell morphology was obtained with 3 wt% HQ[6]@3 h-RGO: TRK-CO 2 , the minimum cell diameter was 84 μm and the maximum cell density was 15.6 × 10 4 cells/cm 3 . The crystallization performance and the viscoelasticity of PE foams were improved. With the assistance of excellent cell morphology, the impact strength was nearly doubled, the thermal conductivity was as low as 0.05 W/m·k and the highest acoustic absorption coefficient reached 0.886 for PE/HQ[6]@3 h-RGO: TRK-CO 2 with 3 wt% addition, compared with pure PE. Graphical
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
·
2020
·
IF 4.966
Deliang Luo,Nengwu Zhu,Wen Zhu,Rumsha Hassan,Pingxiao Wu,Yingyi Zhong
A large amount of waste liquid crystal display (LCD) glass becomes a secondary waste after extracting the scarce metal indium from waste LCD by acid leaching. The feasibility of preparing biocarriers from waste LCD glass as raw materials was studied. The effects of different types and contents of foaming agents, foaming temperature and time on the biocarriers were studied. Under the condition of foaming temperature of 1050 ℃ and foaming time of 20 min, a suitable biocarrier was prepared by adding 5 % CaCO 3 as a foaming agent into the waste LCD glass (denoted as Biocarrier-CaCO 3 ). The technical indicators, which including void fraction, specific surface area, compressive strength and others of the Biocarrier-CaCO 3 , met the standard of CJ/T 299-2008 for water treatment. When Biocarrier-CaCO 3 was applied for Shewanella cultivating, the biomass of the biofilm reached as high as 38 mg/g. In contrast, Na 2 CO 3 was not suitable for the preparation of biocarriers for its porcelainization; SiC also failed as a foaming agent because the strength of the biocarrier could not reach the technical requirements of the product. In all, this study provided a novel strategy to recycle waste LCD glass as biocarrier to support the development of microbes and biofilm.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
材料科学
·
微生物学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER BULLETIN
·
2024
·
IF 3.1
Wang Yunfei,Gao Shanjun,Yin Nian,Chen Yuhan,Shen Chunhui,Yu Yi
A new hyperbranched charring-foaming agent (PCAT) containing triazine and triazole groups was successfully synthesized and characterized, and its special pyrolysis behavior was analyzed. It was combined with PAPP as an acid source to form an intumescent flame-retardant system. The composite with 20% flame retardants containing PAPP/PCAT (3:1) showed better flame-retardant and smoke suppression properties. The LOI of the PP/PAPP/PCAT composite increased to 30.2% and achieved UL-94 V-0 rating when the mass ratio of PAPP/PCAT was 3:1. In cone calorimetry experiments, it was demonstrated to reduce PHRR and THR by 84.7% and 48.9%, respectively. Meanwhile, the PSPR and TSP were also reduced by 77.9% and 56.2%, respectively, relative to PP. This indicates that the PP modified by partially doping PCAT in PAPP has significantly enhanced heat dissipation and smoke suppression performance, thus performing higher fire safety. In terms of FRI, PP/PAPP/PCAT composite was considered to be of “good” flame retardancy. Thermal gravimetric analysis demonstrated that PCAT significantly improved the char yield of PP when combined with PAPP. The morphology and properties of the residue showed that PP/PAPP/PCAT could produce a significant expanded foam insulating carbon layer, and the graphitization degree of the residual carbon was enhanced. The investigation of their water resistance demonstrated that the PP/PAPP/PCAT composite still obtained a UL-94 V-0 rating after 168-h soaking in water.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH
·
2014
·Vol. 21
·期 5
·1-15
·
IF 1.897
Zheng Zaihang,Qiang Linhui,Yang Ting,Wang Bingnan,Cui Xuejun,Wang Hongyan
In this paper, a novel and facile method was carried out to microencapsulate ammonium polyphosphate (APP) via two-step surface polymerization process, which introduces the carbon source and blowing agent into the microcapsules simultaneously. The chemical composition of microencapsulated APP (MAPP) was confirmed by fourier infrared spectra (FTIR). The surface morphology and thermal behavior of APP and MAPP were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrates that MAPP particles possess the obvious “core/shell-like” structure. Compared with APP, the water solubility of MAPP greatly decreases that can improve the water resistance of MAPP in polymer materials when exposed to water. Moreover, the flame retardant properties of polypropylene (PP) compositing with MAPP were systematically researched by limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning tests (UL-94) and cone calorimeter. The results show the flame retardant properties of PP composites are enhanced by combining MAPP than that of APP. Besides, the water resistance of PP/MAPP is also enhanced. And the char residue of PP composites after combustion was analyzed by FTIR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra. Based on these facts, a possible flame retardant mechanism of MAPP in PP composites was proposed.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
GIANT
·
2024
·
IF 5.4
Mao Yang,Haomin Gu,Lang Rui,Huaizhong Yan,Qiang Zhao,Jianyong Wang,Xugang Dang
In this research, a new eco-friendly collagen polypeptide-based foaming agent (CPFC) was prepared via a hydrophobic grafting modification of the collagen polypeptide (CP) from oily acrylic resin, in which the CP was extracted from leather wastes. The molecular structure of CPFC was characterized by FTIR, TGA, XRD, and laser particle size tests. The results showed that the oily acrylic acid molecular chain segments effectively copolymerized with CP, improving the hydrophilic and lipophilic balance of CP molecules. Given the increase of acrylic resin content in CPFC, the surface tension of CPFC at the critical micelle concentration gradually decreased and tended toward the critical value (30 mN/m). The foamability and foaming multiple of 9-CPFC and 7-CPFC reached 535 mL and 31.89 times, respectively. Next, we prepared a CPFC-based foam concrete with a dry density of 500 Kg/m 3 via compounding a mechanical CPFC foaming agent with concrete. The resulting CPFC-based foam concrete was then characterized using a universal testing machine, thermal conductivity meter, ultra-depth 3d microscope, and other analysis techniques. The results indicated that the 5-CPFC foam concrete possessed good foam stability and compatibility. Moreover, the pore size distribution of the foam concrete was uniform, showing a less stringy pore structure, and the water absorption rate and thermal conductivity levels were 27.8 % and 0.61 W/m·K, respectively. The compressive strength of cement was approximately 1.37 MPa, which exceeds the national standard. Moreover, it was found that the CPFC possessed certain retarding properties that were similar to cement, suggesting that it is a highly suitable additive for foam concrete.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2018
·Vol. 29
·期 9
·2449-2456
·
IF 2.137
Changjiang Zhu,Mingshan He,Jianguang Cui,Qilong Tai,Lei Song,Yuan Hu
In this work, a novel hyperbranched and phosphorus-containing triazine derivative (HPCFA) is synthesized. HPCFA is used as charring-foaming agent and combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as intumescent flame retardant to flame retard polypropylene (PP). PP/HPCFA/APP composite can achieve limited oxygen index value of 31% and pass UL 94V-0 rating by addition of 20 wt% HPCFA/APP (1/2, w/w). Besides, HPCFA is compared with another hyperbranched charring-foaming agent (HCFA). HPCFA and HCFA have similar chemical structure, and their only difference is that HPCFA has phosphorus-containing unit in the main chain compared with HCFA. HPCFA/APP system exhibits superior flame retardancy compared with HCFA/APP system. Char residue analysis demonstrates that HPCFA/APP system can form denser and more compact char layer in comparison with that of HCFA/APP system.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF SURFACTANTS AND DETERGENTS
·
2018
·Vol. 21
·期 3
·375-387
·
IF 1.454
Junlin Su,Wenxin Dong,Sulin Zhou,Mingyi Deng
In underbalanced drilling, a switchable foam fluid is essential to reduce the drilling cost. A switchable foaming agent was synthesized by carbonyl–amine condensation and characterized by Fourier transform infrared and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry showed that the tolerable temperature limit of the surfactant was 128 °C. The effectiveness of CO 2 /N 2 switching was confirmed by analysis of the electrical conductivity and surface tension. Utilizing the foaming agent, 3 different foam systems (unstable, stable, and hard) were designed for drilling after formula optimization. Experimentally, the self-circulation indicated that the foaming fluids still maintained great foaming performance even after multiple cycles. The experiment also indicated that the suspension of the foam systems was 50–90 times that of water and had a significant resistance to salts (NaCl, CaCl 2 ). Besides, the foam systems found that the suitable foaming temperature was 40–100 °C and that the hard foam system could maintain the foaming performance up to 120 °C. In the oil resistance experiment, the foaming ability of the foam systems decreased obviously above a kerosene content of 5% (w/v), whereas a certain foaming performance still could be ensured below 10% kerosene.
研究领域:
石油工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2014
·
IF 2.633
Panyue Wen,Xiaofeng Wang,Bibo Wang,Bihe Yuan,Keqing Zhou,Lei Song,Yuan Hu,Richard K.K. Yuen
A novel hyperbranched charring foaming agent (HCFA), successfully prepared via an A 2 B 3 approach with about 97% yield, was combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to flame-retard polypropylene (PP) at a 30 wt% loading. The results of thermogravimetric analyses of various PP samples in air and nitrogen showed that the HCFA/APP system could effectively improve the thermal and thermal-oxidative stabilities of the char residues. And PP3 with a 3/1 mass ratio of APP to HCFA left the highest amount of char residue at 800 °C. The studies of their flammability revealed that the addition of HCFA can make great contribution to the increase of the limiting oxygen index and the UL-94 V0 rating, and the decrease of the heat release rate (HRR) and fire growth index (FGI) of PP/APP/HCFA composites relative to PP with 30 wt% APP. The investigation of their water resistance demonstrated that the PP composites with a mass ratio of APP to HCFA being between 3:1 and 1:1 still obtained a UL-94 V-0 rating after 168 h soaking in hot water, due to the delayed migration of intumescent flame retardant from the complexation between hydrophilic APP and hydrophobic HCFA. Besides, their mechanical properties were also investigated.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2025
·
IF 7.3
Jian Long,Qiang Gao,Haojun Fan,Jun Xiang
Replacing traditional solvent-based polyurethane with two-component solvent-free polyurethane (SFPU) is an efficient approach to achieving green, low-carbon manufacturing of synthetic leather, but the foaming technology of the coating has always been a challenge. In this study, ZnO nanoparticles (nano-ZnO) were in situ loaded onto the surface of 4,4′-oxibis(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide) (OBSH) first, and then the nano-ZnO-loaded OBSH was further modified with KH-550 to improve its dispersion in the SFPU matrix. Finally, zinc stearate (ZnSt2) was doped with nano-ZnO-modified OBSH to activate OBSH, that is, to reduce its decomposition temperature. By means of a synergistic activating strategy, the as-prepared composite foaming agent (CFA) shows a lower decomposition temperature of around 140 °C, and when applied in the manufacture of synthetic leather, a desirable foaming ratio, high peel strength, superior softness and resilience, as well as enhanced water vapor permeability were achieved. More importantly, compared with solvent-based synthetic leather, no VOC emission, zero solvent usage, and more than half reduction in energy consumption were also obtained. This approach offers a promising solution for the green, low-carbon manufacture of synthetic leather.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）