MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
·
2026
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IF 5.2
Guoyong Liu,Yanrui Xie,Yanzhen Cao,Yingying Jing
Under the catalysis of MnO 2 , TBHQ can react with Cys to generate fluorescent CDs. • A fluorescence turn-on sensor for detection of TBHQ is proposed based on in-situ formation of fluorescent CDs. • This sensor is capable of quantitatively measuring the concentration of TBHQ in edible oils. Excessive intake of the food additive tert -butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) causes potential hazards to the human body. Designing an easy-to-fabricate and efficient TBHQ sensor is of great research significance. We found that in the presence of MnO 2 , TBHQ can react with cysteine (Cys) to generate fluorescent carbon dots (CDs). Inspired by this simple fluorogenic reaction, a turn-on sensor for TBHQ detection is proposed based on in-situ formation of fluorescent CDs. The sensor offers a linear range of 1–200 μM and a detection limit as low as 0.06 μM. Due to its simple reaction precursors and unambiguous reaction mechanism, this sensor demonstrates good practicability for TBHQ measurement in edible oils. This fluorescence turn-on in-situ sensor, which does not require pre-synthesized materials, offers considerable potential for on-site detection of TBHQ. Download: Download high-res image (122KB) Download: Download full-size image
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FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 4.3
Ningxiang Yu,Zeyi Wu,Yijue Wang,Abel Wend-Soo Zongo,Xiaohua Nie,Yuanchao Lu,Qin Ye,Xianghe Meng
2- tert -butyl-1,4-benzoquinone (TBBQ), a degradation product of lipid antioxidant Tert-Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), is a new hazardous compound in foods . This study investigated whether co-ingestion of dietary protein and TBBQ can alleviate the toxicity of TBBQ. The results indicated that soy protein isolate, whey protein isolate, and rice protein significantly reduced the residual amount of TBBQ during simulated gastrointestinal digestion. This result was attributed to the excellent elimination capacity of the released amino acids for TBBQ through formation of adducts. Among 20 amino acids, histidine , lysine, glycine, and cysteine showed better elimination capacity for TBBQ; they can eliminate 92.1%, 89.4%, 86.1%, and almost 100%, respectively, in 5 min at pH 8.0. Further study indicated that amino acids with lower ionization constant exhibited greater TBBQ elimination capacity. In addition, incubation of the cells with 50 μM TBBQ for 12 h decreased the cell viability to 28.95 ± 3.25%; while amino acids intervention was involved in the alleviation of TBBQ cytotoxicity via decreasing ROS. Particularly, cysteine showed 100 times more TBBQ detoxifying capacity than other amino acids. This work could provide a theoretical basis for the potential application of amino acids for detoxifying TBBQ in the food industry.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2024
·
IF 8.5
Yuanchao Lu,Xiaohua Nie,Zeyi Wu,Chengyu Jin,Ningxiang Yu,Xianghe Meng,Qin Ye
Food matrices greatly impact TBBQ content during digestion, while lacking sufficient research and understanding. This study investigated the influence and mechanism of fried foods on the TBBQ-eliminated performance during in-vitro digestion. The results indicated that TBBQ content varied significantly among food matrices after in-vitro digestion, with the highest in peanuts (38.3%). The correlation analysis revealed that proteins remarkably facilitated TBBQ-eliminations while fats decreased the TBBQ-eliminated rate. The TBBQ-eliminated performance of proteins, protein digestive mixtures, and amino acids uncovered that sulfhydryl groups were crucial reactive groups to eliminate TBBQ, and TBBQ-eliminated rates under intestinal pH (8.0) were faster than gastric pH (1.5). Additionally, fats significantly reduced the protein-triggered TBBQ-eliminations, originating that the oil–water interface increased the interaction difficulty between lipophilic TBBQ and proteins. Thus, this work provided an in-depth understanding of food matrices (especially proteins and fats) in TBBQ eliminations to enlighten the promising TBBQ-risk-reduced strategies with high-protein and low-fat foods.
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VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY
·
2025
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IF 2.2
Xiao Tu,Jiaxin Hu,Jinghao Peng,Qihan Chen,Yangle Zhao,Zemao Gu
Monogenean parasites are harmful pathogens in aquaculture systems. Current treatment strategies for monogenean infections are unsatisfactory, making the discovery of new drugs urgent. Thymoquinone (TQ), a natural monoterpene isolated from Nigella sativa L., has demonstrated its potential as lead structure against the monogenean parasites. In the present study, the anthelmintic activity of 26 selected TQ analogues was investigated against the monogenean parasite Gyrodactylus kobayashii in the goldfish ( Carassius auratus ). The results indicated that 18 TQ analogues displayed the EC 50 value below 1.0 mg/L, 14 of them showed more potent anthelmintic activity than TQ (EC 50 =0.303 mg/L). Particularly, compounds 9 and 23 exhibited the best efficacies with the EC 50 values of 0.058 and 0.034 mg/L, outperforming the standard drug praziquantel as well. Structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that large electron-donating substituents at the 2-position of the quinone ring contribute to enhanced in vivo anthelmintic activity. Additionally, four analogues ( 9 , 12 , 23 and 25 ) displayed low fish toxicity, with the therapeutic index (TI, LC 50 /EC 50 ) above 9.23, and were selected for further in silico drug‑likeness assessment. The results demonstrated an excellent drug-likeness profile and an adherence to major pharmaceutical companies’ filters for compounds 9 and 23 . Besides, TQ analogue 9 was chosen for an in vivo study in large-scale trial based on its potency, low fish toxicity, and excellent drug-likeness profiles. Treatment of G. kobayashii infected goldfish for 24 h at 0.1 and 0.2 mg/L was effective, reducing the infection prevalence from 100 % to 0 % post-treatment. The experimental fish exhibited normal behavior, despite minor modifications were displayed in the gills and liver according to histopathological results. Collectively, this study suggested that TQ analogues are excellent scaffolds in the discovery of novel anthelmintic agents against monogenean infections.
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Food & Function
·
2020
·Vol. 11
·期 5
·4193-4201
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IF 4.171
Xianghe Meng,Chaosheng Xia,Qin Ye,Xiaohua Nie
tert-Butyl-p-benzoquinone (TBBQ), a metabolite of tert-butylhydroquinone from food, has cytotoxicity, the underlying mechanism of which is not clear. In this study, the viability of RAW 264.7 cells exposed to TBBQ at concentrations of 0.5–10 μg mL−1 was assayed by MTT. Results suggest that TBBQ decreased the viability in a dose-dependent manner. Monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining results indicate the occurrence of autophagy induced by TBBQ, which was manifested by activation of LC3-II concurrent with the increased levels of Beclin1 and reduced levels of p62. Elevated lipid peroxide and decreased SOD activity by TBBQ exposure suggest the overproduction of ROS, which may account for the increase in the genotoxic stress protein p53. Both upregulation of p53 and reduction of Akt levels inhibited mTOR, which activated autophagy. Addition of 3-MA counteracted the impact of TBBQ on ATG proteins and cell viability. All of these results suggest that TBBQ induces autophagy of RAW 264.7 cells principally by inhibition of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, and they implicate ROS in this regulation.
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2024
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IF 12.2
Shuai Liu,Hao Qu,Yu Mao,Lili Yao,Ling Yan,Baolei Dong,Lei Zheng
Tert -butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) stand as one of the most widely used antioxidants in food and daily chemical products. Rapid and sensitive monitoring of TBHQ holds considerable importance in safeguarding human health due to its potential risks. In this study, we devised an alcogel-based colorimetric sensor enabling the portable and visual detection of TBHQ. The Ce-UiO-66 nanozyme exhibiting remarkable oxidase-like activity, was synthesized and characterized, facilitating the catalysis of TBHQ oxidation to 2- tert -butyl-1,4-benzoquinone (TBBQ). The ensuing chromogenic reaction between TBBQ and ethylenediamine produced a stable and colored product, serving as a reliable indicator for the rapid and specific detection of TBHQ. Building upon this discovery, a portable and low-cost colorimetric sensor was fashioned by integrating the nanozyme into κ -carrageenan alcogel, thereby enabling on-site TBHQ detection via a smartphone-based sensing platform. The colorimetric sensor exhibited a detection limit of 0.8 μg mL –1 , demonstrating robust performance across various matrices such as edible oils, cosmetics, and surface water. Recoveries ranged from 84.9 to 95.5%, with the sensor’s accuracy further validated through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Our study presents an effective approach to rapid and convenient monitoring of TBHQ, exhibiting good extensibility and practicability.
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