Frontiers in Plant Science
·
2023
·
IF 5.6
Zeng Jiajing,Yang Mengyu,Deng Jing,Zheng Dongyang,Lai Zhongxiong,Wang-Pruski Gefu,XuHan Xu,Guo Rongfang
XG Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea cv. ‘XiangGu’) is a variety of Chinese kale and has metamorphic leaves attached to the true leaves. Metamorphic leaves are secondary leaves emerging from the veins of true leaves. However, it remains unknown how the formation of metamorphic leaves is regulated and whether it differs from normal leaves. BoTCP25 is differentially expressed in different parts of XG leaves and respond to auxin signals. To clarify the function of BoTCP25 in XG Chinese kale leaves, we overexpressed BoTCP25 in XG and Arabidopsis, and interestingly, its overexpression caused Chinese kale leaves to curl and changed the location of metamorphic leaves, whereas heterologous expression of BoTCP25 in Arabidopsis did not show metamorphic leaves, but only an increase in leaf number and leaf area. Further analysis of the expression of related genes in Chinese kale and Arabidopsis overexpressing BoTCP25 revealed that BoTCP25 could directly bind the promoter of BoNGA3, a transcription factor related to leaf development, and induce a significant expression of BoNGA3 in transgenic Chinese kale plants, whereas this induction of NGA3 did not occur in transgenic Arabidopsis. This suggests that the regulation of Chinese kale metamorphic leaves by BoTCP25 is dependent on a regulatory pathway or elements specific to XG and that this regulatory element may be repressed or absent from Arabidopsis. In addition, the expression of miR319’s precursor, a negative regulator of BoTCP25, also differed in transgenic Chinese kale and Arabidopsis. miR319’s transcrips were significantly up-regulated in transgenic Chinese kale mature leaves, while in transgenic Arabidopsis, the expression of miR319 in mature leaves was kept low. In conclusion, the differential expression of BoNGA3 and miR319 in the two species may be related to the exertion of BoTCP25 function, thus partially contributing to the differences in leaf phenotypes between overexpressed BoTCP25 in Arabidopsis and Chinese kale.
研究领域:
植物生物学
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分子遗传学
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发育生物学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Agronomy-Basel
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2023
·Vol. 13
·期 2
·554
·
IF 3.7
Hongli Chang,Weihong Ji,Yule Xie,Shujun He,Zhenfeng Xie,Fengjie Sun
The morphological characteristics of metamorphosis in stamens ofAnemone barbulataTurcz. were investigated using morphological and histological analyses. The results showed that stamens were transformed into either white sepaloid organs or more frequently green leaflike structures with successive variations. The extreme metamorphic stamen was represented as a three-lobed leaflike structure with a long stalk, highly consistent with the morphological characters of the normal leaves of the plant. It was hypothesized that the connective and two pollen sacs of the anther were transformed into the three lobes of the metamorphosed stamen, respectively. The depression and circinate stages were identified as the important and necessary processes in the transformation of stamens from axial to foliar organs, suggesting probably the alternative evolutionary process of the formation of anthers derived from foliar organs. The morphological traces of leaf, sepal, and carpel observed in the metamorphosed stamens suggested the homeotic transformations among these organs. The foliar stage in the ancestral stamens of angiosperms was reflected ontogenically in the metamorphosed stamens ofA. barbulata. Our findings of a series of metamorphic stamens probably represent the morphological evidence to support the hypothesis that the flowers of angiosperms were derived from metamorphic leaves with the progressive development mode in the evolution of floral organs.Keywords:Anemone barbulata;Ranunculaceae;metamorphosis;stamen;homeosis;progressive development
研究领域:
植物学
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进化生物学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
BMC BIOLOGY
·
2023
·Vol. 21
·期 1
·1-17
·
IF 5.4
Kang Xin-Le,Li Yan-Xue,Dong Du-Juan,Wang Jin-Xing,Zhao Xiao-Fan
Background The regulation of glycolysis and autophagy during feeding and metamorphosis in holometabolous insects is a complex process that is not yet fully understood. Insulin regulates glycolysis during the larval feeding stage, allowing the insects to grow and live. However, during metamorphosis, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) takes over and regulates programmed cell death (PCD) in larval tissues, leading to degradation and ultimately enabling the insects to transform into adults. The precise mechanism through which these seemingly contradictory processes are coordinated remains unclear and requires further research. To understand the coordination of glycolysis and autophagy during development, we focused our investigation on the role of 20E and insulin in the regulation of phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1). We examined the glycolytic substrates and products, PGK1 glycolytic activity, and the posttranslational modification of PGK1 during the development of Helicoverpa armigera from feeding to metamorphosis.Results Our findings suggest that the coordination of glycolysis and autophagy during holometabolous insect development is regulated by a balance between 20E and insulin signaling pathways. Glycolysis and PGK1 expression levels were decreased during metamorphosis under the regulation of 20E. Insulin promoted glycolysis and cell proliferation via PGK1 phosphorylation, while 20E dephosphorylated PGK1 via phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) to repress glycolysis. The phosphorylation of PGK1 at Y194 by insulin and its subsequent promotion of glycolysis and cell proliferation were important for tissue growth and differentiation during the feeding stage. However, during metamorphosis, the acetylation of PGK1 by 20E was key in initiating PCD. Knockdown of phosphorylated PGK1 by RNA interference (RNAi) at the feeding stage led to glycolysis suppression and small pupae. Insulin via histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) deacetylated PGK1, whereas 20E via acetyltransferase arrest-defective protein 1 (ARD1) induced PGK1 acetylation at K386 to stimulate PCD. Knockdown of acetylated-PGK1 by RNAi at the metamorphic stages led to PCD repression and delayed pupation.Conclusion sThe posttranslational modification of PGK1 determines its functions in cell proliferation and PCD. Insulin and 20E counteractively regulate PGK1 phosphorylation and acetylation to give it dual functions in cell proliferation and PCD.
研究领域:
昆虫学
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分子生物学
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细胞生物学
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发育生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
AQUACULTURE
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2023
·
IF 4.5
Juan Gao,Xueshan Li,Kangle Lu,Kai Song,Jian Zhang,Ling Wang,Chunxiao Zhang
This study investigated the effects of dietary protein levels on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, digestive enzyme activity, and metamorphosis rate of the bullfrog ( Lithobates catesbeianus ) tadpoles. Seven isolipidic and isoenergetic diets were formulated with 24.61%, 28.49%, 33.74%, 37.50%, 44.06%, 48.39% and 53.92% crude protein. Triplicate replicates of tadpoles (growth stage 25 and 0.009 g) were fed with experimental diets two times daily for 11 weeks, and the daily feeding amount was 6.50% of the tadpole's body weight. Weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and catalase (CAT) activity in the liver, the intestinal trypsin activity (TPS) and metamorphosis rate at stage 42 of bullfrog tadpoles all increased with increasing dietary protein level from 24.61% to 44.06% and then decreased. Based on the second-order polynomial regression analysis of the weight gain and metamorphosis rate at stage 41 vs. dietary protein level, the optimal dietary protein level for bullfrog tadpoles was 42.49% and 46.50%, respectively. In conclusion, the optimum dietary protein level of bullfrog tadpoles was estimated to be 42.49%–46.50% of the diet.
研究领域:
水产养殖
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营养学
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动物生理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY
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2016
·Vol. 88
·期 5
·1693-1707
·
IF 1.246
W. T. Zhang,K. Liu,J. S. Xiang,L. Y. Zhang,W. J. Liu,Z. D. Dong,Y. Z. Li,H. L. Li,S. L. Chen,N. Wang
To elucidate the effect of thyroid hormone receptor α A ( thraa ) on metamorphosis, the full length cDNA of half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis was cloned. The relative gene transcript level of thraa at different development stages was quantified using real-time PCR. Transcription of thraa increased and declined rapidly during metamorphosis. Hyperthyroidism was induced in juveniles and larvae with exposure to T3 and T4, and hypothyroidism with thiourea (TU), 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole (MMI). thraa mRNA was higher in fish treated for 6 days with MMI than in untreated controls, although inhibited larvae did not complete metamorphosis. The addition of exogenous T4 reversed this effect in the MMI-treated group, but not in the TU-treated group. In situ hybridization revealed progressive tail end of body growth and change during developmental stages, with corresponding changes in thraa expression. This process may be induced by thyroid hormones with thraa as a major mediator. The morphological changes of tip of the tail may be associated with the development of lateral swimming.
研究领域:
分子生物学
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内分泌学
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发育生物学
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水产养殖
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
BMC BIOLOGY
·
2024
·Vol. 22
·期 1
·1-14
·
IF 4.4
Jia Qiangqiang,Yang Liu,Wen Jiamin,Liu Suning,Wen Di,Luo Wei,Wang Weihua,Palli Subba Reddy,Sheng Li
Background Juvenile hormones (JH) play crucial role in regulating development and reproduction in insects. The most common form of JH is JH III, derived from MF through epoxidation by CYP15 enzymes. However, in the higher dipterans, such as the fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster , a bis-epoxide form of JHB3, accounted most of the JH detected. Moreover, these higher dipterans have lost the CYP15 gene from their genomes. As a result, the identity of the P450 epoxidase in the JH biosynthesis pathway in higher dipterans remains unknown. Results In this study, we show that Cyp6g2 serves as the major JH epoxidase responsible for the biosynthesis of JHB3 and JH III in D. melanogaster . The Cyp6g2 is predominantly expressed in the corpus allatum (CA), concurring with the expression pattern of jhamt , another well-studied gene that is crucial in the last steps of JH biosynthesis. Mutation in Cyp6g2 leads to severe disruptions in larval-pupal metamorphosis and exhibits reproductive deficiencies, exceeding those seen in jhamt mutants. Notably, Cyp6g2 −/− ::jhamt 2 double mutants all died at the pupal stage but could be rescued through the topical application of JH analogs. JH titer analyses revealed that both Cyp6g2 −/− mutant and jhamt 2 mutant lacking JHB3 and JH III, while overexpression of Cyp6g2 or jhamt caused a significant increase in JHB3 and JH III titer. Conclusions These findings collectively established that Cyp6g2 as the major JH epoxidase in the higher dipterans and laid the groundwork for the further understanding of JH biosynthesis. Moreover, these findings pave the way for developing specific Cyp6g2 inhibitors as insect growth regulators or insecticides.
研究领域:
昆虫学
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分子生物学
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发育生物学
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遗传学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
·
2023
·Vol. 58
·期 17
·7456-7468
·
IF 4.5
Zhang Ning,Wang Zongliang,Zeng Yuqi,Guo Yueming,Wang Liqiang,Liu Jianguo,Wang Yu,Zhang Peibiao
Preformed three-dimensional scaffolds with insufficient mechanical properties, poor surgical performance, and morphological mismatch to defects with irregular shape have shown drawbacks in animal evaluations and clinical applications. This motivates the development of novel injectable systems to ideally fill bone defects, allowing in situ solidification within the host tissues while retaining high initial mechanical strength and appropriate porosity. In this study, an in situ forming scaffold with time-dependent pore formation inspired by the metamorphosis of a butterfly was fabricated by incorporating gelatin microspheres (GMs) into a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based injectable implant. After optimizing solvent, molecular weight and solution concentration of PLGA matrix, the injectable mixture could be easily injected into both aqueous solution and random-shaped grooves while in situ solidified instantaneously. The injectability enabled an in situ morphological match within an irregular bone defect, providing high initial strength in the early period. The toughness of the injectable implant also allowed them to be easily bent into a ring without breaking. Time-dependent pore formation was accomplished by gradual degradation of GMs, generating appropriate space for tissue ingrowth in the scaffold. It is expected that the injectable in situ forming implant would aid the bone healing process by maintaining initial mechanical support and creating a spatiotemporally evolutionary microstructure during bone tissue regeneration.
研究领域:
生物材料学
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组织工程
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骨科学
·
再生医学
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高分子科学
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药物递送系统
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY
·
2021
·
IF 3.228
Qing Zhang,Lichong Hao,Yu Hong
Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) as one of the most commonly used phthalates, has been found in various environmental samples and is considered to have potential risks to ecosystem. Till now, DINP has no clear effect consensus on insects from development to behavior and even mechanisms. Here, Drosophila melanogaster was selected as model organisms and the toxic effects of DINP (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5% and 1.0%) ( v /v) on its metamorphosis, crawling behavior, intestinal cells and cellular redox balance were investigated. During metamorphosis process, lower hatching rate, longer development time, lighter body weight and malformation were observed at high concentration groups. The crawling ability of larvae was severely inhibited by DINP and the movement distance was drastically reduced. DINP could cause severe damage to the larval intestinal cells in the dose-dependent and time-dependent manners. DINP was found to induce redox imbalance with activities of two important antioxidant enzymes (catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) increasing, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level fluctuation in larvae. Our findings provide theoretical basis and data support for scientific management of DINP to reduce ecological risk.
研究领域:
环境毒理学
·
发育生物学
·
行为科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
·
2023
·
IF 8.9
Xinyi Li,Kaiyue Li,Jiayi Li,Zhiqin Zhang,Hongyuan Wang
Endocrine disruptors have been demonstrated to exert adverse effects on growth and development of amphibians by disrupting hormone levels. Tail resorption, which is one of the most remarkable events during amphibian metamorphosis, is closely associated with thyroid hormones levels. However, limited research has been conducted on the effects of endocrine disruptors on tail resorption in amphibians. This study explored the effects of NaClO 4 and T4 on the growth, development and tail resorption during the metamorphosis of Rana Chensinensis. The results demonstrated that exposure to NaClO 4 led to an increase in body size and a delay in metamorphosis of R. Chensinensis tadpoles. Histological analysis revealed that both NaClO 4 and exogenous T4 exposure resulted in thyroid gland injury, and NaClO 4 treatment delayed the degradation of notochord and muscles, thereby delaying tail resorption. Moreover, transcriptome sequencing results showed that apoptosis-related genes ( APAF1 , BAX and CASP6 ) and cell component degradation-related genes ( MMP9 and MMP13 ) were highly expressed in the T4 exposure group, and the expression of oxidative stress-related genes ( SOD and CAT ) was higher in the NaClO 4 exposure group. Taken together, both NaClO 4 and exogenous T4 affect tail resorption in R. Chensinensis , thereby affecting their adaptation to terrestrial life. The present study will not only provide a reference for future experimental research on the effects of other endocrine disruptors on the growth, development and tail resorption of amphibians but will also provide insights into environmental protection and ecological risk assessment.
研究领域:
生态毒理学
·
发育生物学
·
内分泌学
·
分子生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）