Li MingWen,Tang Chen,Yu XiXi,Shi XinLei,Yu Hui,Yin HaiYan,You Min,Chen Qiang,Ding Xi
The arch wire (AW) plays an important role in providing continuous force, aligning the teeth, and excellent dental arch stability for orthodontic treatment. However, the high friction performance of the AW surface can increase bacterial adhesion and colonization, leading to oral hygiene problems. Herein, a simple method is developed to modify the surface of the orthodontic wire with a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel coating, which can improve the lubricity and antibacterial adhesion of the AW and prevent the oral hygiene problems caused by itself. The PVA hydrogel coating can toughly adhere to the surface of the AW and remarkably reduce the friction performance of the AW, and then its friction coefficient in water can reach 0.005. Under the action of brushing and bending, the PVA hydrogel coating possesses superior ultralubrication and hardly affects the mechanical properties of the stainless-steel substrate. Moreover, the PVA hydrogel coating can significantly inhibit bacterial adhesion on the surface of the AW, thereby reducing bacterial colonization and maintaining oral hygiene while correcting the shape of the mouth and jaw. Therefore, the PVA hydrogel coating exhibits tough adhesion and good antibacterial adhesion while maintaining the mechanical properties of the AW, and it is a promising antifouling coating for improving the performance of the AW.
Introduction Effective aligner hygiene is recognized as an important part of orthodontic treatments and oral hygiene. However, there is no effective cleansing method for removable aligners. Methods In this study, we incorporated tannic acid (TA) with cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) to develop the TA-CPC complex. The antibacterial properties of 15.8 mg/mL TA-CPC against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated in vitro, which were compared with 5.1 mg/mL TA, 10.7 mg/mL CPC, a commercial denture cleansing solution (YA; 15 mg/mL), and water. As for the assessment of stain-removal ability, the aligners stained by coffee were soaked in cleansing solutions, and the color changes (ΔE∗) were calculated on the basis of the CIE L∗a∗b∗ color system, and the National Bureau of Standards system was used for the clinical interpretation of the color change. Atomic force microscope examination, tensile property assessment, and wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence analysis were performed to investigate the material compatibility of TA-CPC, and Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and live/dead assay were used to test the cytotoxicity of TA-CPC. Results The results showed that TA-CPC had a positive zeta-potential, and cation-π interaction changed the chemical environments of the phenyl group in TA-CPC, resulting in greater inhibition zones of S. aureus and E. coli than other cleaners. The quantification of the biofilm biomass and the fluorescent intensities also reflected that the TA-CPC solution exhibited better antibacterial ability. As for the ability of stain removal, ΔE∗ value of group TA-CPC was 2.84 ± 0.55, whereas those of stained aligners immersed with deionized distilled water, TA, YA, and CPC were 10.26 ± 0.04, 9.54 ± 0.24, 5.93 ± 0.36, and 4.69 ± 0.35, respectively. The visual inspection and National Bureau of Standards ratings also showed that the color of stained aligners cleansed by TA-CPC was much lighter than those of the other groups. Meanwhile, TA-CPC had good compatibility with the aligner material and cells. Conclusions TA-CPC is a promising strategy to inhibit the formation of biofilms and remove the stains on the aligners safely, which may disinfect the aligners to improve oral health and help keep the transparent appearances of aligners without impacting the morphology and mechanical properties.
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