Advanced Science
·
2025
·
IF 14.1
Zhikang Li,Bin Wang,Jijian Lu,Yumeng Xue,Jiaxiang Wang,Boqing Jia,Gengyu Han,Yihe Zhao,Muhammad Afzal Khan Qureshi,Lan Yu,Kang Zhao,Min Li,Ping Yang,Dejiang Lu,Libo Zhao
Constructing hydrogels with both remarkable mechanical and self-healing properties is highly desirable for soft electronics, yet remains challenging due to conflicting demands on chemical bonds and polymer chain mobility. Herein, a highly stretchable, self-healing, and conductive gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel is developed by incorporating polyvinyl alcohol, N-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-2-propenamide, sodium tetraborate, and sodium chloride into GelMA, followed by a two-step polymerization process. The introduced novel interpenetrating networks, hierarchical hydrogen bonds (weak and strong H-bonds), and borate ester bonds (BEBs) synergistically improve the mechanical strength, and concurrently function as sacrificial bonds for energy dissipation under deformation. Moreover, the constructed reversible BEBs and weak H-bonds enable autonomous self-healing at room temperature. The resulting hydrogel achieves remarkable stretchability (≈160%), tensile strength (≈130 kPa), and self-healing efficiency (86%), surpassing previously reported GelMA hydrogels. Importantly, a self-healing GelMA hydrogel strain sensor is demonstrated, featuring a high gauge factor (≈3.28), ultra-low detection limit (0.1%), and excellent recovery of sensitivity (≈100%) and detection range (≈75%) after damage. Successful monitoring of subtle and large-scale human motions with both original and healed sensors highlights the device's durability and longevity. This study provides a promising approach for the rational design and practical application of GelMA hydrogels in wearable bioelectronics.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物医学工程
·
软体电子学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
BIOMACROMOLECULES
·
2024
·
IF 5.5
Ruirui Li,Jie Ren,Minmin Zhang,Meng Li,Yan Li,Wu Yang
Conductive hydrogels integrate the conductive performance and soft nature, which is like that of human skin. Thus, they are more suitable for the preparation of wearable human-motion sensors. Nevertheless, the integration of outstanding multiple functionalities, such as stretchability, toughness, biocompatibility, self-healing, adhesion, strain sensitivity, and durability, by a simple way is still a huge challenge. Herein, we have developed a multifunctional chitosan/oxidized hyaluronic acid/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/poly(acrylic acid)/tannic acid/Al3+ hydrogel (CS/OHA/HPMC/PAA/TA/Al3+) by using a two-step method with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), acrylic acid (AA), tannic acid (TA), chitosan (CS), oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA), and aluminum chloride hexahydrate (AlCl3·6H2O). Due to the synergistic effect of dynamic imine bonds between CS and OHA, dynamic metal coordination bonds between Al3+ and −COOH and/or TA as well as reversible hydrogen, the hydrogel showed excellent tensile property (elongation at break of 3168%) and desirable toughness (0.79 MJ/m3). The mechanical self-healing efficiency can reach 95.5% at 30 min, and the conductivity can recover in 5.2 s at room temperature without stimulation. The favorable attribute of high transparency (98.5% transmittance) facilitates the transmission of the optical signal and enables visualization of the sensor. It also shows good adhesiveness to various materials and is easy to peel off without residue. The resistance of the hydrogel-based sensors shows good electrical conductivity (2.33 S m–1), good durability, high sensing sensitivity (GF value of 4.12 under 1600% strain), low detection limit (less than 1%), and short response/recovery time (0.54/0.31 s). It adhered to human skin and monitored human movements such as the bending movements of joints, swallowing, and speaking successfully. Therefore, the obtained multifunctional conductive hydrogel has great potential applications in wearable strain sensors.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物医学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Nanomaterials
·
2025
·Vol. 15
·期 13
·1027
·
IF 4.3
Qingyun Zheng,Jingyuan Liu,Rongrong Chen,Qi Liu,Jing Yu,Jiahui Zhu,Peili Liu
Hydrogel sensors show unique advantages in underwater detection, ocean monitoring, and human–computer interaction because of their excellent flexibility, biocompatibility, high sensitivity, and environmental adaptability. However, due to the water environment, hydrogels will dissolve to a certain extent, resulting in insufficient mechanical strength, poor long-term stability, and signal interference. In this paper, a double-network structure was constructed by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and poly([2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl]7 dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide) (PSBMA). The resultant PVA/PSBMA-PA hydrogel demonstrated notable swelling resistance, a property attributable to the incorporation of non-covalent interactions (electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding) through the addition of phytic acid (PA). The hydrogel exhibited high stretchability (maximum tensile strength up to 304 kPa), high conductivity (5.8 mS/cm), and anti-swelling (only 1.8% swelling occurred after 14 days of immersion in artificial seawater). Assembled as a sensor, it exhibited high strain sensitivity (0.77), a low detection limit (1%), and stable electrical properties after multiple tensile cycles. The utilization of PVA/PSBMA-PA hydrogel as a wearable sensor shows promise for detecting human joint movements, including those of the fingers, wrists, elbows, and knees. Due to the excellent resistance to swelling, the PVA/PSBMA-PA-based sensors are also suitable for underwater applications, enabling the detection of underwater mannequin motion. This study proposes an uncomplicated and pragmatic methodology for producing hydrogel sensors suitable for use within subaquatic environments, thereby concomitantly broadening the scope of applications for wearable electronic devices.
研究领域:
生物材料
·
传感器技术
·
柔性电子器件
·
人机交互
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2024
·
IF 7.7
Lihui Zhao,Banxin Luo,Shishuai Gao,Yupeng Liu,Chenhuan Lai,Daihui Zhang,Wenxian Guan,Chunpeng Wang,Fuxiang Chu
Conductive hydrogels have recently gained impressive attention in flexible sensing. However, their low sensing limit and poor interface matching have raised great concern during the practical application. Therefore, incorporating excellent stretchability and adhesiveness into conductive hydrogel is highly desirable but still be a huge challenge. In this study, we synthesized composite hydrogels with desired properties by utilizing the synergistic role of hemicellulose (HC) and conductive two-dimensional material MXene. As a result, the synthesized hydrogels showed good self-adhesion (3.12 KPa on the skin), great stretchability (>1700 %), and satisfactory electrical conductivity. These multifunctional hydrogels operated as adaptable sensors, adeptly capturing the nuanced signals emanating from an array of human motions. They exhibited an expansive strain tolerance, swift reactivity, and an enhanced acuity in detecting even the slightest deformations (GF = 2.1). Our research provides new insights for creating stretchable, self-adhesive, and functional hydrogels for sensing applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物医学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Advanced Fiber Materials
·
2024
·
IF 17.2
Liu Hua,Tian Gongwei,Zhao Qinyi,Chen Jianhui,Liu Yan,Liang Cuiyuan,Qi Dianpeng
The high impedance caused by the lack of interfacial hydrogel in dry electrodes seriously affects the quality of acquired electrophysiological signals. Although there are existing strategies to reduce impedance with micro–nanostructures, achieving stretchable and breathable electrodes while ensuring low impedance is extremely challenging. Herein, we successfully prepared a dry textile electrode (nanomesh film (NF)-ZnO–polypyrrole (PPy)) with low impedance, high stretchability, and breathability. Wrinkle-nanorod coupled microstructures are constructed to increase the effective surface area and roughness of NF-ZnO–PPy electrode, achieving an exponential reduction in impedance compared with the smooth textile dry electrode (15.64 kΩ·cm −2 at 10 Hz, approximately 1/6 of the lowest impedance of reported electrodes). Simultaneously, the wrinkled structure formed by pre-stretching improves electrode’s stretchability (up to 910% strain) and cycle stability (R/R 0 is within 1.08 after 1000 cycles at 30% strain). Furthermore, the NF-ZnO–PPy electrode has excellent breathability (2233.52 g·m −2 ·d −1 ) and good biocompatibility. Finally, as a proof of concept, the 16-channel NF-ZnO–PPy electrode can record electromyography signals in different states and parts of body for a long time ((22.03 ± 0.76) dB, which is twice that of the commercial electrode). Notably, we employ ZnO nanorods as a template to reduce impedance. This template strategy overcomes complex and expensive micro–nanomanufacturing technologies (photolithography, laser processing, etc.) and can be suitable for most flexible substrates, showing great potential in the field of soft electronics. Graphical Abstract
研究领域:
生物医学工程
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材料科学
·
软电子学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2023
·
IF 19
Jingwen Dong,Yuezhan Feng,Kang Lin,Bing Zhou,Fengmei Su,Chuntai Liu
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding fabrics are crucial in addressing the increasingly serious electromagnetic pollution. To meet wearable requirements, stretchability and thermal comfortability are often desired, but which still are challenging. Herein, a stretchable EMI shielding fabric is fabricated via electrospinning coupled with biaxial pre-stretching spraying, in which a block stacking wrinkled silver nanowire (AgNW)/Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene network is coated on one side of electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fabric. As expected, the wrinkled structure protects conductive network from fracture during stretching process, so as to realize the strain-invariant electrical conductivity. Thus, the fabric exhibits a stretchable EMI shielding performance of over 40 dB when subjected to 10–50% uniaxial strains or 21–125% biaxial strains. More importantly, the white TPU/PDMS side and the black AgNW/MXene side enable the fabric passive radiative cooling and heating, respectively. The cooling side exhibits high mid-infrared emissivity (97.5%) and solar reflectance (90%), thus reducing the skin temperature by ≈4.9 °C. The heating side with high solar absorptivity (86.6%) and photothermal effect increased the skin temperature by ≈5 °C. Therefore, the fabirc with stretchable EMI shielding and Janus-type dual-mode personal passive thermal management is promising in future wearable products.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电子工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Gels
·
2025
·Vol. 11
·期 5
·369
·
IF 5.3
Limei Zhang,Hong Li,Zhiquan Li,Weimin Pan,Yi Men,Niankun Zhang,Jing Xu,Xuewei Liu
As conductive materials, ionogels have attracted significant attention for their potential applications in flexible wearable electronics. However, preparing an ionogel with mechanical properties akin to human skin while also achieving transparency, adhesion, and low hysteresis through simple processes remains challenging. Here, we introduce a multifunctional ionogel synthesized via a one-step photopolymerization method. By leveraging the good compatibility between the ionic liquid and the polymer network, as well as the hydrogen bonding and chemical crosslinking within the gel network, we achieved an ionogel with high transparency (>98%), stretchability (fracture strain of 19), low hysteresis (<5.83%), strong adhesion, robust mechanical stability, excellent electrical properties, a wide operating temperature range, and a tunable modulus (1–103 kPa) that matches human skin. When used as a conductor in soft actuators, the ionogel enabled a large area strain of 36% and a fast electromechanical conversion time of less than 1 s. The actuator demonstrated good actuation performance with voltage and frequency dependence, electrochemical stability, and outstanding durability over millions of cycles. This study provides a simple and effective method to produce multifunctional ionogels with tailored mechanical properties that match those of human skin, paving the way for their application in flexible wearable electronics.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
柔性电子
·
生物医学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2025
·
IF 4.7
Ge Ren,Jiale Yang,Xuanting Wang,Guangmei Hu,Hua Chen,Qing Fang,Anneng Yang
Organic conductive polymers are driving the development of wearable electronics. However, most of the existing electrodes cannot be used for long-term biopotential monitoring due to their poor adhesion, stretchability, and biocompatibility. Here, a bioelectrode was designed by blending the organic semiconductor, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), with various additives, synergistically enabling its high stretchability, adhesion strength, and reduced interface impedance, which can be used for motion-artifact-tolerant recording of ECG signals with high quality. Then, a wearable and wire-free electrocardiogram (ECG) patch is developed by integrating the electrode with the flexible signal acquisition system, realizing long-term, imperceptible, and high-quality ECG monitoring with a high signal-to-noise ratio (38.85 dB). The patch can also be used for daily monitoring of cardiac diseases and sports training scenarios, which may fill the gap in the imperceptible biopotential monitoring area and would be of great value in the future of mobile health and wearable electronics.
研究领域:
生物医学工程
·
材料科学
·
电子工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2022
·
IF 16.744
Xinyang He,Jiatai Gu,Yunna Hao,Maorong Zheng,Liming Wang,Jianyong Yu,Xiaohong Qin
Thermoelectric conversion technology provides a new method for directly collecting and converting the heat released by the human body to electrical energy, which has attracted extensive attention in the field of smart wearable electronics. However, current thermoelectric materials for wearable thermoelectric devices often face problems such as air impermeability, large volume, poor integration, and limited stretchability. Herein, an advanced fabrication approach combining coagulation-bath electrospinning and self-assembly strategies is proposed to efficiently and continuously fabricate CNT/PEDOT:PSS thermoelectric nanofiber yarns with high stretchability (∼350%) and seamability. During the spinning process, the nonsolvent induced phase separation and self-assembly effect result in a large amount of CNT/PEDOT:PSS loaded on each individual nanofiber. Since the thermoelectric material is loaded inside the yarn rather than simply coated on the surface, it exhibits excellent mechanical stability. In addition, based on the thermoelectric effect and seamability of the yarns, they can be integrated into gloves and masks for cold/heat source identification and human respiration monitoring in self-powered mode. Moreover, the self-powered strain sensor composed of the yarn shows corresponding thermovoltage changes for different strains, which can be used to optimize basketball players’ shooting percentage. These unique features make the thermoelectric nanofiber yarn show broad prospects in smart wearable fields such as wearable generators, breathing monitoring, and exercise optimization.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
智能可穿戴设备
·
能源技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Advanced Energy Materials
·
2024
·
IF 24.4
Hao Chen,Jun-Lin Zhan,Huan Xia,Jia-Ning Li,Ze-Hui Chen,Ming-Yang Geng,Hong-Tu Qu,Xin-Yu Lv,Chao Zhang,Lu Ju,Tong-Shuai Sun,Bu-Yun Yu,Zheng-Hao Kou,Wen-Zhe Song,Wei Zhang,Zheng-Ming Sun,Wei-Bing Lu
The demand for wearable monitoring devices in contemporary medicine has significantly increased, especially in dynamic environments where traditional bulky equipment is impractical. Conventional flexible wearable devices or systems suffer from limited air and moisture permeability, lack of stretchability, and high power consumption, which restrict their long-term usage and comfort. Herein, a stretchable and breathable backscattered monitoring system (SBBMS) is introduced, integrated with a fabric substrate. To address the challenges associated with fabric substrate system fabrication and encapsulation, a printing-cutting-transfer technology is proposed. This method enables the creation of unique, low-cost, high-precision, and robust circuit routing and electronic devices on fabric, maintaining high compatibility with commercial surface mounting technology while minimizing sacrifices in breathability. Additionally, a backscatter communication mechanism is designed and implemented to achieve wireless data transmission, which significantly reduces power consumption. Combined with energy management technology and hydrogel batteries, the SBBMS receives safe, multi-source, and eco-friendly energy support. Furthermore, through meticulous design, all modules—including the antenna, circuit, and battery—are made stretchable, providing the system with excellent strain-resistive performance. The approach paves the way for the development of breathable, high-performance, and highly integrated fabric-based wearable systems, catering to specific user groups such as athletes, soldiers, and pilots.
研究领域:
生物医学工程
·
材料科学
·
电子工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Jin-Qi Xie,Jing Tian,Lingjie Mao,Humeizi Cao,Xinyi Duan,Lingsisi Li,Lang Shi,Yaqiang Ji,Xian-Zhu Fu
Printable, stretchable, and highly conductive metal conductors have emerged as potentially promising interconnects in the field of soft electronics. However, current techniques relying on geometric engineering have been criticized for complicated fabrication process and defective geometric structure. Here, we report a printed, straight, and omnidirectionally stretchable copper conductor, which is facilely fabricated on a flat substrate without requiring prestretching, assisted by a multifunctional gel medium layer. The PSS gel, composited by polydimethylsiloxane, Schiff base and fumed SiO 2 , offers a unique combination of stretchability, printability, and moldability. Additionally, this gel enables the reduction of silver ions directly on its surface by partially bonded crosslinker molecules. The fully exposed catalyst exhibits excellent activity in catalyzing electroless copper deposition reaction, on which high-quality copper coating is facilely achieved. The produced copper patterns exhibit high conductivity (4.93 × 10 7 S m −1 ) and excellent stretchability with fracture strains of ∼ 191 % and ∼ 135 % for the uni- and omni-directionally stretchable patterns respectively, which are superior to the majority of stretchable metals in published literature. The stretchable wrinkles derive form the gel medium layer molded by templates, realizing straight metal lines on flat substrate. This process combines the advantages of traditional in-plane and out-of-plane strategies, demonstrating great potential in practical application.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
柔性电子
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Polymer Chemistry
·
2019
·Vol. 11
·期 7
·1327-1336
·
IF 4.76
Jianfei Tie,Liduo Rong,Hongchen Liu,Bijia Wang,Zhiping Mao,Linping Zhang,Yi Zhong,Xueling Feng,Xiaofeng Sui,Hong Xu
Stretchable, self-healable, conductive hydrogels have received increasing attention due to their broad range of applications, such as wearable devices and ionic skin. However, severe challenges remain in integrating fatigue resistance, favorable self-healing, and stretchable and compressible efficiency into a hydrogel. Herein, a highly stretchable, compressible, self-healable somatosensory platform was fabricated by blending Fe3+ ions with polyvinyl alcohol acetoacetate (PVAA)/polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel to form a double network hydrogel, which combined chemical coordination and physical crosslinking in one system. In this system, the PAM network offered high stretchability and compressibility to the hydrogel. Meanwhile, the coordination of the Fe3+/PVAA network provided ionic conductivity and self-healing ability. The resulting hydrogel exhibits prominent stretchability (>700%), high sensitivity, high healing efficiency (80% within 24 h) and excellent fatigue resistance. Therefore, the hydrogel could be used as a potential artificial ionic skin including strain and pressure sensors to directly monitor human motion.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物医学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）