RSC Advances
·
2022
·Vol. 12
·期 22
·13756-13764
·
IF 4.036
Wang-Xi Fan,Zefang Li,Zhou Yang,Jun-Fei Ou,Meng Xiang,Zhong-Li Qin
Novel star-like molecules containing P, N and Si with dual functions of flame retardance and curing promotion (abridged as HCCP–KH540) were successfully synthesized through the nucleophilic substitution reaction of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (KH540). HCCP–KH540 was incorporated with the matrix of epoxy resin (EP) to form a flame retardant composite abridged as E-HK. The activation energy of the curing reaction of the E-HK composite was reduced but the curing reaction rate was accelerated by HCCP–KH540. The E-HK composite with 30 phr content of HCCP–KH540 exhibited excellent flame retardancy with limiting oxygen index of 29.6% and V-1 rating in the vertical burning test as well as excellent thermal stability with a char yield of 23.77% at 700 °C, compared with only 8.64% for pure EP.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING
·
2018
·Vol. 304
·期 3
·1800498
·
IF 2.69
Ting Chen,Chaohua Peng,Cheng Liu,Conghui Yuan,Jing Hong,Guorong Chen,Yiting Xu,Lizong Dai
Targeting high-effective modification of flame retardant epoxy resin, elements including phosphorus, nitrogen, and fluorine are simultaneously incorporated into a polymer named as PFNP. A certain amount of amino groups are preserved on PFNP chains to participate in the curing of epoxy resin. The reactive groups and segments contain 9,10-dihydro-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) endowed PFNP with good compatibility in epoxy resin. The proper addition of PFNP improves the mechanical property and T g values of epoxy resins. The limiting oxygen index values of EP/PFNP increases while the peak heat release rate, heat release capacity, and total heat release values reduce after introduction of PFNP. Samples with contents of PFNP higher than 5 wt% reach UL-94 V-0 rating without dripping. Notably, the migration effect of trifluoromethyl (CF 3 ) groups not only increases the water contact angles, but also reduces the dielectric constants of epoxy resins.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2019
·
IF 3.78
Tao Zhang,Youji Tao,Feng Zhou,Haibo Sheng,Shuilai Qiu,Chao Ma,Yuan Hu
Due to the inherent flammability of polypropylene (PP), it is limited in the application of flame retardant materials. In this work, a novel char forming agent, hyperbranched phosphorus-containing polyurethane (HPPU), was synthesized and used as efficient char forming agent. When ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was combined with HPPU, APP/HPPU endow PP significantly improved flame retardancy than single APP. Although the total carbon monoxide production (TCOP) of some PP/APP/HPPU composites is higher than that of PP/APP composite, it is still lower than that of neat PP. LOI (limited oxygen index) and UL-94 tests reveal that PP composites with 25 wt% HPPU/APP with ratio of 4:1 are able to reach 27 vol% and V-0 rating, respectively. The addition of 25 wt% APP/HPPU with ratio of 2:1 into PP can result in decrease in peak heat release rate of about 72%, decrease in total heat release of about 38% and decrease in TCOP of about 93%. APP/HPPU promotes PP to form more stable, compact, and continuous char layer which effectively hinder heat and oxygen transfer and protect the inner matrix from decomposition. Thermogravimetric-infrared results reveal that the gas phase flame retardant mechanism of APP/HPPU is the dilution effect of ammonia from APP and the flame inhibition effect of phosphorus-containing species from HPPU.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 139
·期 42
·e53041
·
IF 3.057
Yijun Zhang,Dawei Pan,Changfan Chang,Hua Liu,Zuozhen Liu
A highly reactive intrinsic epoxy flame retardant FREP was successfully synthesized via ring-opening reaction between DOPO and amino-tetrafunctional epoxy resin (AG-601), and the structure of the synthesized FREP was characterized by FTIR and MS. FREP was then introduced into the epoxy resin as an additive, aiming to improve fire safety. The flame-retardant properties and thermal stabilities of epoxy thermosets were investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL94) and cone calorimetry (CONE). The results indicated that EP/FREP-4 thermoset passed UL94 V-0 rating with a LOI value of 34.6%, where the phosphorus content was 1.5 wt%. When compared with neat EP, the peak heat release rate (pk-HRR), total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) decreased by 63.1%, 42.6%, and 22.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, the lower av-EHC of EP/FREP thermosets indicated that FREP plays a significant role in gas-phase flame retardancy. Additionally, DMA analysis showed that FREP improved the crosslinking density of EP, which had little effect on the glass transition temperature ( T g ). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Py-GC/MS analysis, and SEM were used to investigate the flame retardant mechanism. Excellent flame retardancy was attributed to phosphorus and nitrogen's synergistic effect in the gas and condensed phases.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2018
·Vol. 29
·期 9
·2449-2456
·
IF 2.137
Changjiang Zhu,Mingshan He,Jianguang Cui,Qilong Tai,Lei Song,Yuan Hu
In this work, a novel hyperbranched and phosphorus-containing triazine derivative (HPCFA) is synthesized. HPCFA is used as charring-foaming agent and combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as intumescent flame retardant to flame retard polypropylene (PP). PP/HPCFA/APP composite can achieve limited oxygen index value of 31% and pass UL 94V-0 rating by addition of 20 wt% HPCFA/APP (1/2, w/w). Besides, HPCFA is compared with another hyperbranched charring-foaming agent (HCFA). HPCFA and HCFA have similar chemical structure, and their only difference is that HPCFA has phosphorus-containing unit in the main chain compared with HCFA. HPCFA/APP system exhibits superior flame retardancy compared with HCFA/APP system. Char residue analysis demonstrates that HPCFA/APP system can form denser and more compact char layer in comparison with that of HCFA/APP system.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
·
2019
·
IF 3.42
Jun Zhu,Jie Li,Wenyu Cai,Yunjun Luo
To endow waterborne polyurethane (WPU) with bright color and improve the flame retardancy, a series of flame-retardant and colorful WPU (DOWPU) was synthesized by incorporating anthraquinone chromophore (DV26) and phosphorus-containing flame-retardant (OP550) into the skeleton simultaneously. The migration property, thermal performance and flame retardancy of DOWPU were systematically characterized by a series of experiments, showing that DOWPU was endowed with bright color and satisfactory flame retardancy. Interestingly, the synergistic effect between DV26 and OP550 made the char yield of DOWPU as high as 25.14 %, which increased the limiting oxygen index by 8.1 %. Furthermore, the migration percentage of DOWPU was only 3.9 %, which was attributed to the strong covalent bonding force between DV26 and polymer chains. Additionally, we coated DOWPU on the polyester fabrics to prove the practicality. The coated fabrics not only had bright colors, but also exhibited excellent color fastness and flame retardancy.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 2.8
Song Wang,Rumeng Ma
Two phosphorus-containing silane coupling agents (PSCAs), KH550-P and KH560-P, are successfully prepared by reacting 10-hydroxy-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphorus-10-oxide (DOPO OH) with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (KH550) and 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH560), respectively. These two PSCAs are used as the surface modification agents of ammonium polyphosphate (APP). The flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin (EP) with PSCA-modified APP are investigated. When the weight ratio of APP to PSCAs is 18:2 and the addition amount of PSCA-modified APPs, APP-KH550-P 18:2 and APP-KH560-P 18:2 , in EP reaches 8%, the resulting flame-retardant EP composite materials, EP/APP-KH550-P 18:2 and EP/APP-KH560-P 18:2 , exhibit good flame retardancy of a V-0 rating in the vertical combustion test (UL-94). The limiting oxygen index values of both EP/APP-KH550-P 18:2 and EP/APP-KH560-P 18:2 are higher than 30%. The peak heat release rates of EP/APP-KH550-P 18:2 and EP/APP-KH560-P 18:2 decrease by 13.8% and 28.5%, respectively, compared to EP containing 8% APP (EP/APP). Both KH550-P and KH560-P demonstrate similar performance in enhancing the flame retardancy of APP. When APP-KH550-P 18:2 is added to EP, the mechanical properties of EP/APP-KH550-P 18:2 are found to be similar to those of EP/APP. Conversely, the tensile strength and impact strength of EP/APP-KH560-P 18:2 increase by 23.8% and 74.3%, respectively, compared to EP/APP. KH560-P shows significantly better performance in the flame-retardant EP.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2024
·
IF 6.3
Wenbo Du,Zhiyong Lin,Ting Chen,Yongming Chen,Weiang Luo,Birong Zeng,Guorong Chen,Lizong Dai
In order to satisfy the application of epoxy resin (EP) in high-end electronic packaging, phosphorus fluorine containing polymers were synthesized to simultaneously enhance the flame retardant, dielectric, and hydrophobic properties of EP. Through the reaction of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), a monomer named HEMA-P was synthesized. By copolymerizing (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate and 1H, 1H, 7H-dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate) with HEMA-P through the typical reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, two phosphorus fluorine containing polymer modifiers named 3FOP and 12FOP with different lengths of fluorine side chain were obtained. The flame-retardant level of FOP/EP composites reached V-1 level. The limited oxygen index (LOI) values of 3FOP/EP and 12FOP/EP composites (10 wt% additive amount) increased to 33.6 ± 0.5 % and 32.8 ± 0.3 %, respectively, with corresponding peak heat release rates (pHRR) decreased by 37.8 % and 33.2 % compared with neat EP, suggesting the FOP modified EP composites have good flame retardant and smoke suppression effects. The mechanical properties of the FOP/EP composites can also be improved. Notably, with the 10 wt% addition of 12FOPs, the water contact angle of 12FOP/EP composite reached 116.5°, which was 40.7 % higher than that of EP. Moreover, the dielectric constant decreased with the increasing fluorine content. The thermal stability and possible thermal degradation pathways of 3FOP and 12FOP were characterized by TG-IR, Py-GC/MS, and Raman spectroscopy. Based on experimental results, we innovatively revealed a phosphorus fluorine synergistic flame retardancy mechanism.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2021
·
IF 5.03
Chenxi Zhang,Chao Zhang,Jiewen Hu,Zhiming Jiang,Ping Zhu
To prepare flame-retardant anti-dripping of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric, a hydroxyl-containing cyclic phosphoramide named as 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol-(2′-hydroxyethyl) phosphoramidate (DPHP) was synthesized and was coated on PET fabric by dip-coating technology. The flame retardancy, non-dripping performance and thermal stability of DPHP-coated PET fabrics were investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical flammability, cone calorimetry tests and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). It was found that DPHP can enhance the char forming for PET, which endows the PET fabrics with excellent flame retardancy and non-dripping behavior. Although the LOI had a little increase with low content of DPHP (9.6 % weight gain), the non-dripping performance was observed. With the continuous increase of DPHP content, LOI was increased to 27.6 % and the damaged length was only 7.9 cm. After coating with DPHP, the char-forming ability of PET fabrics was improved and heat release was significantly reduced during the combustion. By analyzing the char residues by SEM-EDX, worm-like appearance and a large amount of phosphorus-based compounds were found in the char residue, indicating that DPHP owns efficient condensed-phase flame-retardant action for PET fabrics. This work suggests that hydroxyl-containing cyclic phosphoramide as a flame retardant is an effective way to develop flame-retardant and anti-dripping PET materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
纺织工程
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FIBERS AND POLYMERS
·
2018
·Vol. 19
·期 5
·1057-1063
·
IF 1.353
Wang Fang,Pan Siyu,Zhang Peikun,Fan Haojun,Chen Yi,Yan Jun
A novel phosphorus-containing flame retardant plasticizer (PFRP) derived from castor oil acid methyl ester (COME) was synthesized to substitute dioctyl phthalate (DOP) for plasticizing polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products. The chemical structures of PFRP were confirmed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR). Meanwhile, the plasticizing effect, flammability and thermal stability of plasticized PVC films were investigated by dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). As the PFRP content increasing from 0 wt% to 50 wt% amount of plasticizers, the plasticizing efficiency and the mechanical properties showed a slightly decreasing tendency compared with that of DOP, while the LOI value of plasticized PVC increased remarkably from 21.5 % to 25.2 %, showing a combined plasticizing efficiency and flame retardancy. SEM and TGA analysis indicated that PFRP had little effect on thermal stability but was effective to promote the formation of compact carbon residue.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2015
·Vol. 5
·期 123
·101480-101486
·
IF 3.84
Song Li,Hongxia Yan,Shuyao Feng,Song Niu
A novel phosphorus-containing flame retardant, bis(4-(allyloxy)phenyl)phenylphosphonate (APP) has been synthesized. The structure of APP has been systemically characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR, 13C NMR and 31P NMR). Subsequently, APP was added into bismaleimide (BMI) resin to prepare flame retardant materials, coded as P-DBMI resin. The effects of APP content on the mechanical properties of the P-DBMI resins have been studied. In addition, thermogravimetric kinetics, UL-94 tests, limited oxygen index (LOI), scanning electron microscopy and residual analysis were carried out to reveal the thermal properties and flame retardancy of P-DBMI resin. The results indicate that P-DBMI resin with good mechanical properties, thermal stability and flame retardancy were obtained.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2018
·Vol. 30
·期 2
·264-278
·
IF 2.137
Xiwei Xu,Sheng Wang,Songqi Ma,Wangchao Yuan,Qiong Li,Jie Feng,Jin Zhu
Flame retardants from vanillin when utilized together with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) yield excellent synergistic flame retardancy toward epoxy resins. Bisphenol A epoxy resins have been widely used due to their excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance, electrical properties, adhesion, etc., while they are flammable. Environment-friendly and bio-based flame retardants have captured increasing attention due to their ecological necessity. In this paper, 3 bio-based flame retardants were synthesized from abundant and more importantly renewable vanillin, and their chemical structures were determined by 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR. They were used together with APP (an environment-friendly commercial flame retardant) to improve the fire resistance of bisphenol A epoxy resin. With the addition APP content of 15 phr, the modified bisphenol A epoxy resin could reach UL-94V0 rating during vertical burning test and limit oxygen index values of above 35%, but reducing APP content to 10 phr, the flame retardancy became very poor. With the total addition content of 10 phr, the epoxy resins modified by 7 to 9 phr APP and 1 to 3 phr bio-based flame retardants with epoxy groups or more benzene rings showed excellent flame retardancy with UL-94V0 rating and limit oxygen index values of around 29%. The T g s of the epoxy resins could be remained or even increased after introducing bio-based flame retardants, as the control; those of APP alone-modified epoxy resins compromised a lot. The green synergistic flame-retardant systems have a great potential to be used in high-performance materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
绿色化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）