Journal of Translational Medicine
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2024
·Vol. 22
·期 1
·1-21
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IF 6.1
Guo Qinglong,Wang Yi,Yu Liangchen,Guan Liao,Ji Xuefei,Li Xiaohui,Pang Gang,Ren Zhenhua,Ye Lei,Cheng Hongwei
Background Olfactory dysfunction occurs frequently in Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this study, we aimed to explore the potential biomarkers and underlying molecular pathways of nicotine for the treatment of olfactory dysfunction in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mice.Methods MPTP was introduced into C57BL/6 male mice to generate a PD model. Regarding in vivo experiments, we performed behavioral tests to estimate the protective effects of nicotine in MPTP-induced PD mice. RNA sequencing and traditional molecular methods were used to identify molecules, pathways, and biological processes in the olfactory bulb of PD mouse models. Then, in vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate whether nicotine can activate the prok2R/Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathway in both HEK293T cell lines and primary olfactory neurons treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). Next, prok2R overexpression (prok2R+) and knockdown (prok2R−) were introduced with lentivirus, and the Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathway was further explored. Finally, the damaging effects of MPP+ were evaluated in prok2R overexpression (prok2R+) HEK293T cell lines.Results Nicotine intervention significantly alleviated olfactory and motor dysfunctions in mice with PD. The prok2R/Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathway was activated after nicotine treatment. Consequently, apoptosis of olfactory sensory neurons was significantly reduced. Furthermore, prok2R+ and prok2R− HEK293T cell lines exhibited upregulation and downregulation of the Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathway, respectively. Additionally, prok2R+ HEK293T cells were resistant to MPP+-induced apoptosis.Conclusion sThis study showed the effectiveness and underlying mechanisms of nicotine in improving hyposmia in PD mice. These improvements were correlated with reduced apoptosis of olfactory sensory neurons via activated prok2R/Akt/FoxO3a axis. These results explained the potential protective functions of nicotine in PD patients.
研究领域:
神经科学
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药理学
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分子生物学
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PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMICAL SENSES
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2023
·
IF 3.5
He Yue,Chen Jianshe,Shi Weiyao,Shi Jingang,Ma Tian,Wang Xinmiao
While accumulating evidence implied the involvement of retro-nasal sensation in the consumption of nonvolatile taste compounds, it is still unclear whether it was caused by the taste compounds themselves, and if so, how can they migrate from the oral to nasal cavity. At first, we proposed aerosol particles as an alternative oral–nasal mass transfer mechanism. The high-speed camera approved that aerosol particles could be generated by the typical oral and pharynx actions during food oral processing; while the narrow-band imaging of nasal cleft and mass spectrometry of nostril-exhaled air approved the migration of aerosol within the oral–nasal route. Then, the “smelling” of taste compounds within the aerosol particles was testified. The four-alternative forced choices (4AFC) approved that the potential volatile residues or contaminants within the headspace air of pure taste solution cannot arouse significant smell, while the taste compounds embedded in the in vitro prepared aerosol particles can be “smelled” via the ortho route. The “smell” of sucrose is very different from its taste and the “smell” of quinine, implying its actual olfaction. The sweetness intensity of sucrose solution was also reduced when the volunteers’ noses were clipped, indicating the involvement of retro-nasal sensation during its drinking. At last, the efficiency of aerosol as a mechanism of oral–nasal mass transfer was demonstrated to be comparable with the volatile molecules under the experimental condition, giving it the potential to be a substantial and unique source of retro-nasal sensation during food oral processing.
研究领域:
食品科学
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感官科学
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神经生物学
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PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
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2025
·Vol. 228
·期 18
·
IF 2.6
Chen Longlong,Gong Yu,Ma Weihua,Jiang Yusuo,Zhao Huiting
The olfactory senses of Apis cerana cerana are crucial to their essential activities. This study aimed to investigate the effect of phased starvation, insulin injections and insulin silencing on the olfactory abilities of A. cerana cerana . A starvation regression curve was established; it was found that the mortality of bees increased significantly after 9 h of starvation. Measurement of insulin levels in the bees revealed a gradual decrease after 3 and 6 h of starvation, followed by a sudden rise at 9 h. Additionally, starvation induced changes in the olfactory responses of bees: starvation decreased the electroantennogram values of antennae for most odorants, changed behavioral preferences for some floral odorants and affected the expression of olfactory genes. High insulin levels enhanced electroantennogram response values of the antennae, changing most odorant selections from attraction or neutrality to avoidance. In contrast, low insulin levels decreased the electroantennogram response values of the antennae and predominantly shifted odor preferences toward attraction. These two insulin conditions resulted in opposite results, and changes in olfactory gene expression also exhibited differing trends. It was found that low-insulin conditions caused by starvation for 3 h and 6 h as well as insulin silencing exhibited similarities in multiple olfactory metrics. This suggests that starvation-induced olfactory changes may be attributed to the reduction of endogenous insulin levels. The study results reveal a strong correlation between insulin and olfaction in A. cerana cerana , providing a foundation for future investigations into the underlying regulating mechanisms of insulin/insulin-like signaling on olfaction. These findings also offer research directions for enhancing bee pollination capacity and regulating other olfactory behaviors.
研究领域:
昆虫生理学
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神经生物学
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分子内分泌学
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化感生物学
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行为生态学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Small
·
2023
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IF 13.3
Yan Duan,Suhao Wang,Qunchen Yuan,Yingqian Shi,Nan Jiang,Deming Jiang,Jizhou Song,Ping Wang,Liujing Zhuang
Humans perceive the world through five senses, of which olfaction is the oldest evolutionary sense that enables the detection of chemicals in the external environment. Recent progress in bioinspired electronics has boosted the development of artificial sensory systems. Here, a biohybrid olfactory system is proposed by integrating living mammals with implantable flexible neural electrodes, to employ the outstanding properties of mammalian olfactory system. In olfactory perception, the peripheral organ—olfactory epithelium (OE) projects axons into the olfactory relay station—olfactory bulb (OB). The olfactory information encoded in the neural activity is recorded from both OE and OB simultaneously using flexible neural electrodes. Results reveal that spontaneous slow oscillations (<12 Hz) in both OE and OB closely follow respiration. This respiration-locked rhythm modulates the amplitude of fast oscillations (>20 Hz), which are associated with odor perception. Further, by extracting the characteristics of odor-evoked oscillatory signals, responses of different odors are identified and classified with 80% accuracy. This study demonstrates for the first time that the flexible electrode enables chronic stable electrophysiological recordings of the peripheral and central olfactory system in vivo. Overall, the method provides a novel neural interface for olfactory biosensing and cognitive processing.
研究领域:
神经科学
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生物医学工程
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感觉系统
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PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
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2024
·Vol. 94
·期 1
·112-124
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IF 3.5
Gaoying Gu,Ziqi Wang,Tao Lin,Sainan Wang,Jianjun Li,Shihao Dong,James C. Nieh,Ken Tan
en This link goes to a English section zh This link goes to a Chinese section Predatory threats, even when they do not involve direct consumption (non-consumptive effects, NCEs), can profoundly influence the physiology and behaviour of prey. For example, honeybees that encounter hornet predators show responses similar to fear. However, the physiological mechanisms that are connected with this fear-like response and their effects on bee cognition and olfaction remain largely unknown. We show that bees decreased time spent near the hornet, demonstrated fearful behaviour and moved with greater velocity to escape. After a prolonged 24-h exposure, bees adopted defensive clustering, displayed greater predator avoidance, and experienced a decline in brain dopamine levels. Prolonged predator exposure also diminished bee olfactory sensitivity to odours and their mechanical sensitivity to air currents, contributing to impaired olfactory learning. However, boosting brain dopamine reversed one fear-like behaviour (average bee velocity in the presence of a hornet) and rescued olfactory sensitivity and learning. We therefore provide evidence linking dopamine to sensory and cognitive declines associated with fear in an insect. 摘要 en This link goes to a English section zh This link goes to a Chinese section 即便对猎物不构成直接捕杀(非消耗性捕食效应)，捕食者也可以对猎物的生理和行为造成严重的影响。例如，遭遇胡蜂捕食者时，蜜蜂会产生类似恐惧的反应。 然而，该类似恐惧反应相关的生理机制还没有详细研究，该类似恐惧反应对蜜蜂的认知嗅觉的影响也没有报道。 我们的实验结果表明，蜜蜂在遭遇胡蜂时表现出惧怕行为，表现为减少了在胡蜂附近的停留时间，并以更快的速度逃离。但在24小时的胡蜂胁迫后，蜜蜂表现出防御性集群行为，大脑多巴胺水平下降。长时间的捕食者暴露还降低了蜜蜂对气味的嗅觉敏感度以及气流的机械敏感性，导致嗅觉联想学习能力受损。 然而，人为提高蜜蜂大脑多巴胺水平缓解了它们对胡蜂的恐惧，并在一定程度上恢复了蜜蜂的嗅觉敏感度和学习能力。 因此，我们的研究表明多巴胺参与昆虫恐惧行为的调控，与嗅觉和认知下降密切相关。
研究领域:
昆虫学
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神经生物学
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行为生态学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE
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2020
·Vol. 20
·期 5
·
IF 1.325
Fu Shuhui,Li Fangyuan,Yan Xizhong,Hao Chi
The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is one of the most destructive pests to cruciferous plants worldwide. The oligophagous moth primarily utilizes its host volatiles for foraging and oviposition. Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are soluble carrier proteins with low molecular weight, which recognize and transport various semiochemicals in insect chemoreception. At present, there is limited information on the recognition of host volatiles by CSPs of P. xylostella. Here, we investigated expression patterns and binding characteristics of PxylCSP11 in P. xylostella. The open reading frame of PxylCSP11 was 369-bp encoding 122 amino acids. PxylCSP11 possessed four conserved cysteines, which was consistent with the typical characteristic of CSPs. PxylCSP11 was highly expressed in antennae, and the expression level of PxylCSP11 in male antennae was higher than that in female antennae. Fluorescence competitive binding assays showed that PxylCSP11 had strong binding abilities to several ligands, including volatiles of cruciferous plants, and (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16:Ac), a major sex pheromone of P. xylostella. Our results suggest that PxylCSP11 may play an important role in host recognition and spouse location in P. xylostella.
研究领域:
昆虫学
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分子生物学
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PubMed
高影响因子
Acta Physiologica
·
2023
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IF 6.3
Hanyu Fu,Jingwei Zhou,Shan Li,Ying Zhang,Zhiyun Chen,Yingying Yang,Anan Li,Dejuan Wang
Aim General anesthesia can induce cognitive deficits in both humans and rodents, correlating with pathological alterations in the hippocampus. However, whether general anesthesia affects olfactory behaviors remains controversial as clinical studies have produced inconsistent results. Therefore, we aimed to investigate how olfactory behaviors and neuronal activity are affected by isoflurane exposure in adult mice. Methods The olfactory detection test, olfactory sensitivity test, and olfactory preference/avoidance test were used to examine olfactory function. In vivo electrophysiology was performed in awake, head-fixed mice to record single-unit spiking and local field potentials in the olfactory bulb (OB). We also performed patch-clamp recordings of mitral cell activity. For morphological studies, immunofluorescence and Golgi–Cox staining were applied. Results Repeated exposure to isoflurane impaired olfactory detection in adult mice. The main olfactory epithelium, the first region exposed to anesthetics, displayed increased proliferation of basal stem cells. In the OB, a crucial hub for olfactory processing, repeated isoflurane exposure increased the odor responses of mitral/tufted cells. Furthermore, the odor-evoked high gamma response was decreased after isoflurane exposure. Whole-cell recordings further indicated that repeated isoflurane exposure increased the excitability of mitral cells, which may be due to weakened inhibitory input in isoflurane-exposed mice. In addition, elevated astrocyte activation and glutamate transporter-1 expression in the OB were observed in isoflurane-exposed mice. Conclusions Our findings indicate that repeated isoflurane exposure impairs olfactory detection by increasing neuronal activity in the OB in adult mice.
研究领域:
神经科学
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麻醉学
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行为科学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
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2025
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IF 1.1
Lina Guo,Yu Zhang,Jue Wang,Diandian Yu,Min Wu,Yuan Guo
Temperature is the most significant abiotic factor that affects the growth and behaviour of insects. However, the mechanism by which the olfactory system senses thermal stimulus and combines temperature and chemical signals to trigger certain behavioural outputs is unclear. This study aimed to clarify the mechanism by which environmental temperature affects olfactory perception in Apis cerana cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae). We used quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and western blotting to analyse the expression of AcerOr1 and AcerOr2. We also used electroantennography (EAG) assays to detect bee antennal responses to odorants at different temperatures. The results revealed that the mRNA expression of AcerOr1 and AcerOr2 was significantly influenced by temperature. These genes exhibited both increases and decreases in expression over time, with the most significant differential observed at 25 °C. Protein expression was similarly affected at 2 hours after different temperature treatments. Electroantennography responses from the antennae revealed that six odorant volatiles – N-(4-ethylphenyl)-2-((4-ethyl-5-(3-pyridinyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)acetamide (VUAA1), linolenic acid, eugenol, hexyl acetate, 1-nonanol, and lauroleic acid – had the most dramatic effect at 25 °C. The results indicate that environmental factors affecting the expression of AcerOr1 and AcerOr2 modulate olfactory recognition behaviour in A. cerana cerana, suggesting that changes in environmental temperature can affect bees’ olfactory preferences.
研究领域:
昆虫学
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分子生物学
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DOI
高影响因子
Insect Science
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2024
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IF 2.9
Yongjie Zhang,Shulin He,Chengyin He,Ling Zhou,Ou Xu,Liang Qiao,Bin Chen,Yueqing Cao,Zhengbo He
The use of insecticides, primarily pyrethroids, is a pivotal strategy for mosquito control globally. Bioallethrin, the first commercially available volatile pyrethroid, can elicit spatial (i.e., noncontact) repellency to mosquitoes through the coactivation of olfactory receptor neurons and sodium channels. However, the olfactory mechanism of the repellency elicited by bioallethrin in mosquitoes is still unclear. Here, we demonstrated the involvement of AsOBP1 in the bioallethrin repellency in Anopheles sinensis , one of the main vectors of vivax malaria in China and other Southeast Asian countries. The behavioral and electrophysiological analyses in AsOrco −/− mutant found that the spatial repellency elicited by bioallethrin depended on the odorant receptor (OR)-mediated olfactory pathway. Furthermore, the repellency was reduced in the AsOBP1 −/− mutant and a pyrethroid-resistant strain, in which the expression of AsOBP1 was significantly decreased. Moreover, recombinant AsOBP1 protein bound to bioallethrin in an in vitro competition assay. These results indicate that activation of the AsOBP1 -mediated olfactory pathway is an important component of bioallethrin repellency. Our research lays the foundation for further elucidation into the olfactory mechanism of bioallethrin repellency and the behavioral modifications of pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes.
研究领域:
昆虫学
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分子生物学
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公共卫生
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PubMed
高影响因子
Insects
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2023
·Vol. 14
·期 12
·930
·
IF 3
Jianjun Cheng,Jiawei Gui,Xiaoming Yao,Hong Zhao,Yujie Zhou,Yongjun Du
Simple SummaryThe rice leaf roller,Cnaphalocrocis medinalis,is a migratory insect pest threatening rice production. Monitoring its population dynamics is a critical component of the integrated management system for this pest. Plant odor-trapping has been used as a tool for population monitoring. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the molecular mechanism by which theC. medinalismoth recognizes the plant odor. In the present study, we amplified 12 odor receptor genes and tested differential expression of these genes in male and female moths ofC. medinalis. We identified the function of three olfactory receptor genes inC. medinalis.CmedOR31 was a specific receptor for geraniol, and CmedOR32 was a broad-spectrum OR receptor that responds to both foliar odor and floral scent. The ligands of CmedOR1 were linalool, phenethyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, and phenylacetaldehyde. CmedOR1 belonged to a unique conserved OR lineage that strongly responded to phenylacetaldehyde in the evolution ofGlossataspecies, and the OR1 expression inC. medinalisantennae was significantly higher in females than in males. CmedOR1 was the odor receptor forC. medinalisadults to locate food sources.AbstractCnaphalocrocis medinalis(Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a migratory insect pest on rice crops. The migratoryC. medinalispopulation in a particular location may be immigrants, local populations, emigrants, or a mix of these. Immigrants are strongly attracted to plant odor. We conducted research to identify the olfactory receptors in a floral scent mixture that is strongly attractive toC. medinalis. Through gene cloning, 12 olfactory receptor (OR) genes were amplified and expressed in Xenopus oocytes in vitro, and three of them were found to be responsive to plant foliar and floral volatiles. These were CmedOR31, a specific receptor for geraniol; CmedOR32, a broad-spectrum OR gene that responded to both foliar and floral odors; and CmedOR1, which strongly responded to 10−4M phenylacetaldehyde. The electrophysiological response to phenylacetaldehyde was extremely high, with a current of 3200 ± 86 nA and an extremely high sensitivity. We compared the phylogenetic tree and sequence similarity of CmedOR genes and found that CmedOR1 belonged to a uniquely conserved OR pedigree in the evolution ofGlossataspecies, and the ORs of this pedigree strongly responded to phenylacetaldehyde. The expression of OR1 was significantly higher in the females than in the males. Localization of CmedOR1 in the antennae ofC. medinalisby fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that CmedOR1 was expressed in both males and females. CmedOR1 may be an odor receptor used by females to locate food sources. The function of these ORs and their role in pest monitoring were discussed.Keywords:functional identification;Cnaphalocrocis medinalis;floral odorant;olfactory receptor
研究领域:
昆虫学
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分子生物学
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PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2022
·
IF 5.895
Ping Chen,Changgen Dai,Huan Liu,Maolin Hou
Volatile organic compounds are important for herbivorous insects in locating their host plants. The rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée), is a devastating migratory insect pest of rice in Asian countries. Although C. medinalis can develop even better on corn than on rice plants in insectaries, it rarely occurs on corn plants in the field. We hypothesized that plant volatile-mediated oviposition preference for rice over corn in adult females may be the reason for the observed rare field occurrence of the pest on corn plants. The present study was conducted to identify the olfactory active volatile compounds (OAVCs) that enable C. medinalis females to discriminate rice from corn plants. In cage tests, rice plants were highly preferred for oviposition over corn plants by C. medinalis females. From headspace, chemical analyses identified 15 rice unique, 8 corn unique, and 28 common volatile compounds. Fourteen OAVCs, including seven common, five rice unique, and two corn unique, were determined. In electroantennogram tests, the rice unique and common OAVCs activated the antennal responses in C. medinalis. In Y-tube olfactometer tests, (E)-2-hexenal and 3-hexanol(common OAVCs) and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and (E)-2-hexen-1-ol (rice unique OAVCs) attracted more C. medinalis females than the control, and only blends with both rice unique and common OAVCs were highly preferred over the control. Our results provide insights into the chemical cues used by C. medinalis adult females in host location, which may aid the development of novel crop protection strategies based on the manipulation of host-finding behaviors of C. medinalis.
研究领域:
昆虫学
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植物科学
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农业害虫管理
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高影响因子
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
·
2012
·Vol. 109
·期 9
·3492-3497
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IF 9.681
Xufang Duan,Eric Block,Zhen Li,Timothy Connelly,Jian Zhang,Zhimin Huang,Xubo Su,Yi Pan,Lifang Wu,Qiuyi Chi,Siji Thomas,Shaozhong Zhang,Minghong Ma,Hiroaki Matsunami,Guo-Qiang Chen,Hanyi Zhuang
Odorant receptors (ORs) in olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) mediate detection of volatile odorants. Divalent sulfur compounds, such as thiols and thioethers, are extremely potent odorants. We identify a mouse OR, MOR244-3, robustly responding to (methylthio)methanethiol (MeSCH2SH; MTMT) in heterologous cells. Found specifically in male mouse urine, strong-smelling MTMT [human threshold 100 parts per billion (ppb)] is a semiochemical that attracts female mice. Nonadjacent thiol and thioether groups in MTMT suggest involvement of a chelated metal complex in MOR244-3 activation. Metal ion involvement in thiol–OR interactions was previously proposed, but whether these ions change thiol-mediated OR activation remained unknown. We show that copper ion among all metal ions tested is required for robust activation of MOR244-3 toward ppb levels of MTMT, structurally related sulfur compounds, and other metal-coordinating odorants (e.g., strong-smelling trans-cyclooctene) among >125 compounds tested. Copper chelator (tetraethylenepentamine, TEPA) addition abolishes the response of MOR244-3 to MTMT. Histidine 105, located in the third transmembrane domain near the extracellular side, is proposed to serve as a copper-coordinating residue mediating interaction with the MTMT–copper complex. Electrophysiological recordings of the OSNs in the septal organ, abundantly expressing MOR244-3, revealed neurons responding to MTMT. Addition of copper ion and chelator TEPA respectively enhanced and reduced the response of some MTMT-responding neurons, demonstrating the physiological relevance of copper ion in olfaction. In a behavioral context, an olfactory discrimination assay showed that mice injected with TEPA failed to discriminate MTMT. This report establishes the role of metal ions in mammalian odor detection by ORs.
研究领域:
神经科学
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分子生物学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
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