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This article utilizes low-frequency noise (LFN) measurements to evaluate the stability of tellurium (Te) field-effect transistor (FET). Our results show that LFN for Te FET on hexagonal boron nitride/silicon dioxide (h-BN/SiO2) tracks the trends of flicker noise (1/
Cs 3 Bi 2 I 6 Br 3 perovskite is one of the bismuth iodide family compounds. Because it contains no toxic lead, and has high stability in air and humidity, endowing a potential application prospects in photoelectric and radiation detectors. Herein, the Cs 3 Bi 2 I 6 Br 3 single crystal (Φ13 × 65 mm 3 ) with a (001) preferred direction was grown by using the melt method with solvent-synthesized polycrystalline particles, and the thin single wafer with a thickness up to 0.95 mm was obtained. The as-grown single crystal possesses high infrared transmittance of up to 70% in the range from 400 to 4000 cm −1 and an optical band gap of about 2.03 eV estimated from the visible absorption curve. A highly intrinsic resistivity 2.3 × 10 10 Ω·cm and a dielectric constant about 10 were obtained from the electrical performance parameter measurements. The X-ray sensitivity of the X-ray detector is 55.62 µC/Gy air /cm 2 (incident dose rate 0.24 mGy/s), as well as the signal-to-noise ratio, is up to 301. These results indicate Cs 3 Bi 2 I 6 Br 3 single crystals are a potential material for X-ray detection.
Carbon fibers (CF) have triggered extensive interest with the progress of multifarious marine electric field sensor devices owing largely to their high flexibility, good conductivity and exceptional chemical/thermal stability. Herein, flexible Ag/sliver nanowires (AgNWs)/CF (Ag-AgNWs-CF) electrodes with extremely tiny potential difference drift of 67.22 μV/24 h have been successfully fabricated by a facile alcohol-thermal method with a reaction temperature of 170℃ for 120 min. The conductive AgNWs was introduced to the CF as a coating material. The AgNWs with three-dimensional (3D) network and silver particles accounts for superior areal specific capacitance and low Tafel slope for the composite electrodes (CEs). Using such flexible Ag-AgNWs-CF as a marine electric field sensor, the excellent self-noise was obtained, which signifies prospective ability to respond to weak signals.
Metamaterials have proven their ability to possess extraordinary physical properties distinct from naturally available materials, leading to exciting sensing functionalities and applications. However, metamaterial-based sensing applications suffer from severe performance limitations due to noise interference and design constraints. Here, we propose a dual-phase strategy that leverages loss-induced different Fano-resonant phases to access both destructive and constructive signals of molecular vibration. When the two reverse signals are innovatively combined, the noise in the detection system is effectively suppressed, thereby breaking through the noise-related limitations. Additionally, by utilizing loss optimization of the plasmon-molecule coupling system, our dual-phase strategy enhances the efficiency of infrared energy transfer into the molecule without any additional fabrication complex, thereby overcoming the trade-off dilemma between performance and fabrication cost. Thanks to the pioneering breakthroughs in the limitations, our dual-phase strategy possesses an overwhelming competitive advantage in ultrasensitive vibrational spectroscopy over traditional metamaterial technology, including strong signal strength (×4), high sensitivity (×4.2), effective noise suppression (30%), low detection limit (13 ppm), and excellent selectivity among CO 2 , NH 3 , and CH 4 mixtures. This work not only opens the door to various emerging ultrasensitive detection applications, including ultrasensitive in-breath diagnostics and high-information analysis of molecular information in dynamic reactions, but also gains new insights into the plasmon-molecule interactions in advanced metamaterials.
Traffic noise is a major source of urban noise pollution, with severe threats to the physiological and psychological health of humans. Fibrous sound absorption materials are extensively applied in the control of traffic noise pollution; however, the larger fiber diameters and monotonous internal structure of such materials result in poor low-frequency sound-absorbing properties or unsatisfied mechanical properties. Herein, a biomimetic and robust strategy to design ultrastrong and superelastic fibrous sound absorption sponges is reported, which is achieved by integrating a one-step forming technique of interlocked micro/nano dual fiber networks and an in situ crosslinking approach. The obtained vine-like interlocked structured fibrous sponges can withstand a tensile force 10 000 times their weight without deformation. Furthermore, the materials also show outstanding compression fatigue resistance and a lightweight feature (8.70 mg cm −3 ). Most importantly, the interlocked dual-network-induced stable fluffy-stacked structure endows the fibrous sponges with an enhanced low-frequency sound-absorbing property (absorption coefficient of 0.93 at 1000 Hz), which is superior to those of commercial and reported sound absorption materials. In addition, the materials also possess good hydrophobicity and temperature resistance. This work opens new pathways for the further development of highly efficient sound-absorbing materials.
Adsorption behaviour of Methylene blue (MB) on mild steel in hydrochloric solution has been investigated by weight loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, electrochemical noise (EN), scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectra. The potentiodynamic polarization studies revealed that MB acted as a mixed type inhibitor. Thermodynamic results indicated that MB adsorption mechanism changed from physically adsorption to chemisorption mechanism with different concentrations. A parameter of pitting active energy C AE was proposed to evaluate the pitting nucleation/growth process initially increases with increasing MB concentration (0.000159–0.000638 wt%) when follows physical adsorption and reaches a maximum value at 0.1 mmol/L, then decreases with further increasing MB concentration (0.00318–0.159 wt%) when chemisorption mechanism was obeyed. This work supplied a new criterion to distinguish the physical and chemical adsorption behaviour.
The performance of a Schottky metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) ultraviolet (UV) photodetector is limited by the insufficient gain and the uncontrollable noise current. A remarkable detectivity UV detector is demonstrated based on graphene oxide (GO) modified TiO2 with high gain and low noise. The GO layer completely prevents the flow of electrons forming a hole-only device thus decreasing the dark current and noise current. Furthermore, gain of the holes is promoted under UV illumination. Moreover, the GO layer efficiently extracts the holes therefore reducing the fall time. Under a bias of 6 V, the responsivity value reaches 826.8 A W−1 and the noise current is only 1.8 pA, thereby, our device provides a detectivity of 2.82 × 1013 cm Hz1/2 W−1 at 280 nm. The results offer an effective approach to enhance the performance of a UV detector.
Mechanoluminescence (ML) materials, known for their ability to convert mechanical energy into light, are increasingly recognized for their potential applications, such as in intelligent stress sensing, in vivo bioimaging, and stress non-destructive monitoring. However, the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and narrow-band emission of single-defect-induced ML materials usually limit their biological-related practical applications. Here, these limitations will be addressed by modulating the microstructure evolution in Y 3 Ga 3 MgSiO 12 :Cr 3+ through the [Si 4+ +Mg 2+ ] → [Ga 3+ +Ga 3+ ] chemical substitution strategy. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation reveals the defect types and dynamic charge migration processes. In addition, Y 3 Ga 3 MgSiO 12 : Cr 3+ with continuously distributed “shallow-deep” defects (0.68–1.61 eV) can avoid persistent luminescence (PersL) and bright-field environment interference. Herein, such high SNR near-infrared broadband ML emission may provide a reliable way for high-quality biological non-destructive sensing and detection. Finally, benefiting from the different absorption of ML signals in glucose/lipid, one may find a novel non-invasive blood glucose/lipid testing technology in patients.
Since the concept of computational spectroscopy was introduced, numerous computational spectrometers have emerged. While most of the work focuses on materials, optical structures, and devices, little attention is paid to the reconstruction algorithm, thus resulting in a common issue: the effectiveness of spectral reconstruction is limited under high-level noise originating from the data acquisition process. Here, we fabricate a computational spectrometer based on a quantum dot (QD) filter array and propose what we believe is a novel algorithm, TKVA (algorithm with Tikhonov and total variation regularization, and the alternating direction method of multipliers), to suppress the impact of noise on spectral recovery. Surprisingly, the new TKVA algorithm gives rise to another advantage, i.e., the spectral accuracy can be enhanced through interpolation of the precalibration data, providing a convenient solution for performance improvement. In addition, the accuracy of spectral recovery is also enhanced via the interpolation, highlighting its superiority in spectral reconstruction. As a result, the QD spectrometer using the TKVA algorithm shows supreme spectral recovery accuracy compared to the traditional algorithms for complex and broad spectra, a spectral accuracy as low as 0.1 nm, and a spectral resolution of 2 nm in the range of 400 to 800 nm. The new reconstruction algorithm can be applied in various computational spectrometers, facilitating the development of this kind of equipment.
Due to the weak hydrodynamic lubrication effect under low speed and heavy load in the starting or stopping state of ship propeller stern shafts, it is very difficult to form the effective lubricating films between water-lubricated polymer stern tube bearings and shafts. Under these extreme conditions, friction and wear usually are severe problems, which can induce frictional vibration and noise. In this study, graphene nano-sheets (GNS) were chosen to modify the polymer which was often made into the ship water-lubricated stern tube bearing. The friction-induced vibration and noise behaviors of the modified polymer materials were carried out using a wear test apparatus with precision vibration and noise sensors under the water-lubricated condition. The results showed that friction-induced vibration and noise behaviors of modified polymer materials strongly depended on the content of graphene nano-sheets and wear processes. GNS endowed the modified polymers with a limited excellent self-lubricating to reduce the vibration and noise behaviors. The modified polymer materials with GNS exhibited good friction-induced vibration and noise reduction properties. The knowledge gained in this study aimed at further comprehensively understanding the friction-induced vibration and noise behaviors of the polymer materials and designing a composite material with good self-lubricating and vibration reduction properties.
Hybrid of graphene or graphene oxide (GO) with gold or silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as substrate for SERS detection often brings large background and low signal to noise ratio, which leads to poor sensitivity. In this study, it is proposed that the silver loading amount on GO and dosage of GO-Ag composite have significant influence on its SERS activity (SERS signal intensity and signal to noise ratio). The adsorption ability and SERS activity of GO-Ag composite for several dye molecules were investigated in detail. It was found increasing the dosage of GO-Ag or AgNPs loading on GO always enhances its absorption to dye molecules, while in both cases the SERS signal first increase and then decrease. The reason for this fluctuation of SERS signal was investigated and discussed, which indicate high silver loading amount leads to enhanced background response, while high composite dosage could decrease the signal of target molecule. Finally, an optimized GO-Ag substrate providing strong SERS signal and high signal to noise ratio was used for the detection of several dye molecules by SERS with the lowest detectable concentration down to 1 μM. Our results indicated that great caution should be paid on the silver loading amount and dosage of GO-Au/Ag when using GO-Au/Ag as SERS substrate for molecule sensing or comparing different results reported in reference.
Industrial and traffic noise has become increasingly serious with the progress of industrialization. Most existing noise-absorbing materials suffer from poor heat dissipation and insufficient low-frequency (<1000 Hz) noise absorption, which not only reduces working efficiency but also leads to safety risks. Herein, heat-conducting elastic ultrafine fiber sponges with boron nitride (BN) networks were prepared by integrating direct electrospinning and impregnation method. The large acoustic contact area of ultrafine fibers and the vibration effect of BN nanosheets in a three-dimensional direction endow fiber sponges with good noise reduction, which can reduce white noise by 28.3 dB with a high noise reduction coefficient of 0.64. Moreover, thanks to good heat-conducting networks composed of BN nanosheets and porous structures, the obtained sponges exhibit superior heat dissipation with thermal conductivity of 0.159 W m −1 K −1 . Besides, the introduction of elastic polyurethane and following crosslinking endow the sponges with good mechanical properties, which have almost no plastic deformation after 1000 compressions, and the tensile strength and strain are as high as 0.28 MPa and 75%. The successful synthesis of heat-conducting elastic ultrafine fiber sponges overcomes poor heat dissipation and low-frequency noise reduction of noise absorbers.
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