POLYMER
·
2012
·
IF 3.438
Aifang Luo,Xuesong Jiang,Jie Yin
Soybean oil containing thioxanthone (TX) moieties and/or coinitiator DBA (ESO-ATX-DBA, ESO-ATX/ESO-DBA) were synthesized by grafting 2-acitic thioxanthone (ATX) and 4-(dimetheylamino) benzoic acid (DBA) to the backbone of epoxidized soybean oil (ESO). The obtained ESO-ATX-DBA, ESO-ATX and ESO-DBA were characterized by FT–IR, 1 H NMR and UV–vis spectra, and investigated as photoinitiators by photo-DSC. Photoinitiator systems ESO-ATX-DBA and ESO-ATX/ESO-DBA were more efficient than their low-molecular weight analogues (chemical mixture of ETX-DBA and physical mixture of ETX/EDB) especially in the photopolymeriztion of acrylate monomers containing pigment. Moreover, ESO-ATX-DBA exhibited much lower migration in comparison with their low-molecular weight analogues. These characteristics gave the obtained TX containing soybean oil potential in the application of ink, and these studies also provide alternative approach to prepare polymeric photoinitiators from the renewable source.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2015
·Vol. 5
·期 66
·53342-53348
·
IF 3.84
Xiaoqing Dong,Peng Hu,Guigang Zhu,Zhiquan Li,Ren Liu,Xiaoya Liu
A series of photobase generators (PBGs), which contain thioxanthone as the chromophore and different quaternary ammonium salts as latent active species, were straightforwardly synthesized in two steps and their structures were characterized. Investigation on the photophysical properties of the PBGs indicated that the PBGs were photosensitive to long wavelengths due to the characteristic absorption of thioxanthone at 380 nm. A study on photolysis confirmed the photoinduced decarboxylation mechanism, through which the PBGs released active basic species efficiently. All the novel PBGs showed high activity in catalysing thiol–epoxy polymerization without postexposure baking. This is especially true for the PBG containing 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD), which exhibited a faster polymerization rate and higher epoxy conversion than the previously described highly active PBG system.
研究领域:
材料化学
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光化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Polymers
·
2017
·Vol. 9
·期 9
·400
·
IF 3.364
Xiaoqing Dong,Peng Hu,Weizhen Shen,Zhiquan Li,Ren Liu,Xiaoya Liu
Photobase generator (PBG)-mediated thiol–epoxy photopolymerization has received widedspread attention due to its versatility in various applications. Currently, nearly all reported PBGs release amines as active species. The formed amines induce odor, yellowing, and potential toxicity. In this study, a series of novel thioxanthone-based PBGs, which were able to generate carbanion via decarboxylation under LED light irradiation, were designed and straightforwardly prepared. The formed carbanion can be used as a superbase to catalyze thiol–epoxy polymerization efficiently. Investigation on1H NMR and FT-IR confirmed the generation of carbanion intermediates. The counteranion significantly affected the photodecarboxylation efficiency. The study of photopolymerization tests, based on real-time FT-IR and dielectric analysis measurements, indicated that the generated carbanion exhibited faster polymerization rate and higher epoxy conversion than traditional superbase 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU). In differential scanning calorimeter, thermogravimetric, and nanoindentation tests, comparable thermal and mechanical properties of the photocured films catalyzed by novel PBGs were obtained. The high initiation ability combined with straightforward synthesis makes these PBGs promising candidates for commercialization.Keywords:photopolymerization;thiol–epoxy;carbanion;superbase;decarboxylation;thioxanthone
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2014
·Vol. 4
·期 94
·52324-52331
·
IF 3.708
Qingqing Wu,Ying Xiong,Qiuhong Liang,Hongding Tang
Three new amino-thioxanthone photoinitiators (PIs) with different substituents on nitrogen, including 2-allyl(methyl)amino-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (PI-1), 2-benzyl(methyl)amino-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (PI-2) and 2-butyl(methyl)amino-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (PI-3) were synthesized and characterized. They showed high molar extinction coefficients and very broad absorption range in the visible region. Among them, PI-2 showed the best visible light photoinitiating properties evidenced by the fact that it successfully initiated polymerization of 1,6-hexanedioldiacrylate (HDDA) under xenon light exposure (28 mW cm−2) both in the presence and absence of N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA) for 0.5 h with 92% and 52% conversion, respectively. For TMPTA, the conversion of PI-2 and PI-2/N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) systems is 32% and 62% under xenon lamp exposure for 10 min. The photoinitiation mechanisms were analysed through EPR, fluorescence spectra and visible light photolysis experiments.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
Polymers
·
2019
·Vol. 11
·期 4
·695
·
IF 3.164
Qingqing Wu,Wen Liao,Ying Xiong,Jianjing Yang,Zhen Li,Hongding Tang
A silicone-thioxanthone (STX) visible light photoinitiator was prepared by the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 2-[(4-hydroxybenzyl)-(methyl)-amino]-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (TX-HB) and γ-chloropropylmethylpolysiloxane-co-dimethyl-polysiloxane (PSO-Cl). Its structure was confirmed by1H NMR,13C NMR, FTIR, UV-vis and GPC. The photopolymerization kinetics of 1, 6-Hexanedioldiacrylate (HDDA) and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) initiated by STX confirmed that STX is an efficient photoinitiator. Its visible light photolysis experiment and the photopolymerization kinetics studies implied that a possible synergistic effect existed between two adjacent thioxanthone groups. Moreover, a higher migration stability was revealed in STX than 2-benzyl (methyl) amino-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (TX-B). STX could change the surface property of the cured film of polyurethane diacrylate prepolymer (PUA) from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, as well as change the thermal stability of the polymer network. Meanwhile, it could improve the resistance against water and acid. Thus, STX is an effective multifunctionalized photoinitiator.Keywords:photopolymerization;visible light photoinitiator;silicone;thioxanthone;modification;thermal stability;resistance against water/acid
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
·
2025
·
IF 2.8
Keting Zhou,Xiaoyue Yang,Hanlin Ren,Yu Xia
Herein, we report a visible light-induced disulfide bond reduction system compatible with peptide and protein sequencing by mass spectrometry (MS). The reaction proceeds via a single-electron transfer (SET) mechanism, utilizing thioxanthone (TX) as the photocatalyst and 2,3-dihydrofuran (DHF) as the cocatalyst. During the process, TX is first exited to its triplet state under 420 nm light irradiation, followed by SET from DHF to generate a TX radical anion. Disulfide bond cleavage occurs promptly after SET from the TX radical anion, yielding the thiol products. Major intermediates, including the TX radical anion, DHF radical, and thiyl radical, have been directly detected by nanoelectrospray ionization online monitoring or after radical trapping. As a proof-of-concept, we have coupled the visible light-induced disulfide reduction with top-down protein MS analysis, achieving 47% sequencing for lysozyme (4 disulfide bonds, 14 kDa), with performance comparable to conventional methods. In contrast to UV-induced disulfide reduction systems, the mild conditions of the visible light-induced reduction make it promising for further development in the analysis of biopharmaceuticals, such as antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates, where sequencing and disulfide bond mapping are critical.
研究领域:
生物化学
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分析化学
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光生物学
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质谱分析
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蛋白质组学
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有机化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
·
2023
·Vol. 224
·期 21
·2300179
·
IF 2.5
Zihang Lin,Xiaowei Ge,Baoling Tang
Thioxanthone derivatives with additional amino groups (TX-S-NH 3 ) are synthesized via a simple esterification reaction between TX-S-CH 2 -COOH and 2-methylaminoethanol hydrocarbons in a p-toluene sulfonic acid medium. The TX-S-NH 3 is characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, FT-IR, HRMS, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, and fluorescence spectroscopy. TX-S-NH 3 has strong absorption in water and ethanol, and the molar extinction coefficients at 395 nm are 2800 and 2780 mol −1 L cm −1 , respectively. TX-S-NH 3 shows a low fluorescence quantum yield of 0.109 in deionized water. The maximum mobility of TX-S-NH 3 in the photocuring product in ethanol is 12.5%. The double bond conversion of TMPTA cured by TX-S-NH 3 is 60.7% without co-initiator. TX-S-NH 3 has excellent curing effects in UV-curable ink with a light curing time of only 2.3 s.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学
·
高分子科学
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光化学
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DOI
高影响因子
NATURE MATERIALS
·
2026
·
IF 38
Wang Zhaolong,Zhu Jingyi,Wu Kaifeng
Electronic transition/motion coupled with proton transfer has a key role in natural and artificial energy conversion and storage materials. Previous examples include proton-coupled electron transfer and singlet energy transfer, but not triplet energy transfer. Here we report a mechanism termed proton shuttle-assisted triplet energy transfer. The system comprises ZnSe-based quantum dots surface anchored with phenol–pyridine dyadic acceptors. Ultrafast measurements and kinetic isotope effects establish that the photoexcitation of ZnSe leads to hole transfer from ZnSe to phenol, which is coupled with proton transfer from phenol to pyridine. A subsequent step of electron transfer from ZnSe to phenoxyl radical, coupled with back proton transfer from pyridinium, accomplishes a net process of spin-triplet migration from ZnSe to phenol–pyridine. Adding a strongly electron-withdrawing trifluoromethyl substituent on pyridine can switch the sequence of proton-coupled electron and hole transfer steps. Compared with a methylated analogue acceptor lacking the shuttle, the assistance of proton shuttle substantially increases the energy transfer rate and efficiency.
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF PHOTOPOLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·Vol. 38
·期 5
·419-425
·
IF 0.7
Fan Su,Chenyu Wang,Xuan Shen
Developing high performance UV-LED excited photoinitiators is one of research focuses in the field of photopolymerization. Thioxanthone derivatives, which reveal outstanding absorptions in the UV-Vis spectra, have potential excited by UV light source. In this article, two novel thioxanthone-based photoinitiators, 9-oxo-9H-thioxanthen-2-yl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (TXOH-DB) and 1-chloro-9-oxo-9H-thioxanthen-4-yl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (TXCl-DB), were designed and synthesized, and their structure has been confirmed by FT-IR and 1H NMR. The UV-vis spectra showed that these two photoinitiators appeared redshift compare with TX, and the UV absorption ability of TXCl-DB was stronger than TX. Steady state photolysis experiments and photopolymerization experiments indicated that TXOH-DB and TXCl-DB were one-component photoinitiators and could successfully initiate 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) and Trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) under UV-LED @395 nm (10 W) without the presence of co-initiatar. In addition, TXOH-DB and TXCl-DB have better migration stability and have the potential for use in UV curing systems, especially in food packaging and biomedical applications.
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF PHOTOPOLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·Vol. 38
·期 1
·11-19
·
IF 0.7
Mengting Zhao,Mengyun Wang,Li Jin,Boyang Cheng,Tianjiao Hou,Xuan Shen
The development of high-performance UV-LED excited photoinitiators (PIs) is one of the current research hot spots in the field of photopolymerization. Thioxanthone (TX) derivatives have good UV-visible absorption ability under UV excitation. In this article, four novel thioxanthone derivatives were designed and synthesized as one-component polymerizable photoinitiators, and their structures were confirmed by FT-IR and 1H NMR. Their photophysical/photochemical, kinetic and migration stability were investigated experimentally by UV-vis spectrophotometer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The photolysis and photoinitiation mechanisms of four initiators were elucidated. Comparison of the results for the TX system showed that these TX derivatives are highly efficient one-component polymerizable PIs with high migration stability, which has the potential to be used in UV curing systems, especially for food packaging and biomedical applications.
研究领域:
高分子化学
·
光化学
·
材料科学
·
生物医学工程
·
食品包装技术
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）