INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
·
2022
·
IF 5.436
Chunpei Yu,Bonan Gu,Jiaxin Wang,Junhong Chen,Wenchao Zhang,Wei Shi,Gexing Yang,Xiaoting Lei,Junwu Zhu
The development of green primary explosives has become a “holy grail” of energetic materials research. Cu-based 5-nitrotetrazolate is considered one of the most promising candidates due to its excellent blasting power and environmentally benign nature. However, synthesizing Cu-based 5-nitrotetrazolate controllably and securely remains highly challenging. Herein, room-temperature anodization of metallic Cu and a Cu(I)–imidazole nanowire array on copper substrates in a sodium 5-nitrotetrazolate electrolyte leads to in situ electrosynthesis of Cu(I) 5-nitrotetrazolate (DBX-1, CuNT) and its analogue, Cu(II) 5-nitrotetrazolate [Cu(NT)2], respectively. Both obtained CuNT and Cu(NT)2 films demonstrate remarkable energy output and good laser-induced ignition performance. The thermal stability (Tp = 291 °C) and electrostatic safety (E50 = 2.54 mJ) of CuNT proved to be superior to those of Cu(NT)2 (Tp = 257 °C, and E50 = 0.57 mJ). Remarkably, this study provides an exciting new method for the rational design and development of Cu-based 5-nitrotetrazolate as a primary explosive for advanced initiating applications.
研究领域:
含能材料
·
炸药化学
·
电化学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
·
2023
·Vol. 52
·期 27
·9414-9422
·
IF 4
Kunkai Wang,Kaidi Yang,Heng Li,Junlin Zhang,Minjie Wu,Xiangzhi Li,Qi Xue,Bozhou Wang,Fuqiang Bi
Based on N–B bonds, a novel strategy was developed for improving the energetic performance of tetrazoles. By employing the amino neighboring group participation, the azolyl borane compound 7 was selectively constructed, which exhibited excellent stability in water and air. This strategy solved the acidity problem of tetrazole as well as increasing the heat of detonation and combustion by 25% and 36%, respectively. Through laser ignition experiments, it also improved the combustion performance of tetrazoles. In DSC experiments, thermal decomposition temperatures of N–B covalent compounds were elevated as well. In an electrostatic potential calculation and sensitivity test, N–B covalent compounds exhibited good sensitivity (IS > 40 J and FS > 360 N). Through TG-DSC-FTIR-MS and in situ IR experiments, decomposition products were investigated to determine the next optimization stage for heat of detonation. It offered a significant potential for development to incorporate the N–B bond into nitrogen-rich compounds.
研究领域:
化学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2020
·Vol. 10
·期 2
·784-789
·
IF 3.119
Hongshe Wang,Yichun Wang,Yinfeng Han,Weixing Zhao,Xiaomei Wang
Humic acid is a non toxic, inexpensive, easily available high-molecular weight polymer. A simple and facile one pot three-component synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles from aldehydes, hydroxyamine hydrochloride and sodium azide using humic acid as an efficient catalyst in water is described. The method reported has several advantages such as high to excellent yields, easy work-up, mild reaction conditions, use of water as a green solvent, and a commercially available, nontoxic and reusable catalyst.
研究领域:
有机化学
·
绿色化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
·
2024
·Vol. 48
·期 38
·16776-16794
·
IF 2.7
Jianwei Zhang,Chengming Bian,Ling Chen,Weidong He
Recently, we investigated the interaction mechanism of 1H-tetrazole (1H-TZ) and nitrocellulose (NC). Next, we tried to introduce an amino group at the C and N atoms of 1H-tetrazole, so as to explore the influence of amino group modification on the pyrolysis process of NC. The focus of this study was on investigating the interaction mechanism of aminotetrazole (5-ATZ or DATZ) and NC through kinetics methods and TG-DSC-FTIR analysis. The quenching and reheating experiments revealed that the imino form of 5-ATZ or DATZ played an important role in this process. The addition of aminotetrazole (5-ATZ and DATZ) mainly affected the autocatalytic reaction at the initial stage of the pyrolysis process of NC. TG-DSC-FTIR experiments revealed that there was a chemical reaction between NO2 and decomposition products of 5-ATZ or DATZ. In this reaction, R–NCNH or NC–NH–R (R = H and NH2) reacted with NO2 to form N2O and CO2.
研究领域:
化学动力学
·
材料科学
·
热分析
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
·
2014
·Vol. 38
·期 7
·3078-3083
·
IF 3.159
Dan Kong,Yanyan Liu,Juan Zhang,Hongbian Li,Xiangyu Wang,Guangyu Liu,Baojun Li,Zheng Xu
The research on the heterogeneous catalytic synthesis of tetrazoles has attracted great attention. In this paper, a tungsten atom-containing AlPO-5 microporous molecular sieve (termed as WAlPO-5) was designed and synthesized by the incorporation of tungsten atoms into the AlPO-5 skeleton with triethylamine as a structure template from pseudoboehmite, H3PO4 and tungstophosphoric acid. The incorporation of tungsten atoms into the AlPO-5 skeleton has been demonstrated by systematic characterizations. WAlPO-5 can be used as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles by [3+2] cycloaddition from nitriles and sodium azide. As a novel heterogeneous catalyst, WAlPO-5 exhibits a high catalytic activity, a superior cycling stability and an excellent substrate applicability. The significant advantages of WAlPO-5, such as the simple procedure and the mild reaction conditions and as an alternative to those corrosive, hazardous and polluting homogeneous catalysts, warrant its potential application in industrial processes.
研究领域:
化学
·
催化科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
·
2024
·
IF 5.8
Shuna Zhao,Hao Liu,Mi Li,Lin Jiang
5-Aminotetrazole/strontium nitrate (5AT/Sr(NO 3 ) 2 ) propellant is widely utilized as green gas generating agent in fire extinguishers. To enhance the combustion rate and modify the gas production performance of 5AT/Sr(NO 3 ) 2 propellant, this study investigated the catalytic effects of adding different metal oxides (Bi 2 O 3 , PbO, TiO 2 , and CoO) on its pyrolysis and combustion process. The pyrolysis behavior, pyrolysis mechanism and combustion performance of 5AT/Sr(NO 3 ) 2 propellants were studied by using thermogravimetry (TG), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), differential scanning caborimetry (DSC), mass spectrometry (MS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and closed bomb vessel tests. Experimental results indicated that Bi 2 O 3 and PbO predominantly facilitated the thermal decomposition process of 5AT, while TiO 2 and CoO primarily catalyzed the thermal decomposition of Sr(NO 3 ) 2 . Certainly, the addition of metal oxides as catalysts to 5AT/Sr(NO 3 ) 2 propellant holds significant potential for improving the application as a gas generating agents in fire extinguishers.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RENEWABLE ENERGY
·
2024
·
IF 9
Shu-Na Zhao,Mi Li,Hao Liu,Zhong-Xuan Han,Jiu Chen,Lin Jiang
The green gas generator 5-aminotetrazole (5-AT) is widely applied as an energetic material due to its exceptional characteristics. To investigate the impact of oxidants on the decomposition performance of 5-AT, we prepared three samples using three different oxidants (Sr(NO 3 ) 2 , KNO 3 , and KClO 4 ) along with 5-AT under the principle of zero oxygen balance. Then, thermal behavior of the three samples was examined using TG-DTA and TG-FTIR, and their activation energies for each reaction stage were calculated using iso-conversional methods. Results show that the decomposition of these samples occurs in multiple reaction stages and all oxidants, particularly KNO 3 , facilitate the thermal decomposition of 5-AT. Furthermore, the detailed decomposition mechanism of 5-AT with oxidants was speculated, including that there are two simultaneous ring-opening paths in the first thermal decomposition step of each 5-AT isomer. Eventually, this research can give a meaningful instruction to the formulation design of gas-generation propellant with fewer restrictions in their application.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2017
·Vol. 7
·期 23
·13808-13816
·
IF 3.108
Cheng-Yang Cao,Song Lu,Dan Zhang,Lun-Lun Gong,He-Ping Zhang
The 5AT/Sr(NO3)2 mixture has recently attracted attention as a gas-generating agent for use in novel fire-suppression applications. However, it cannot provide the desired combustion behavior alone. Thus, nitroguanidine (NQ) was added as a fuel component to 5AT/Sr(NO3)2 in attempt to improve the mixture's combustion behavior. The effects of NQ on the thermal and burning characteristics of 5AT/Sr(NO3)2 were investigated. Thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetric (TG-DSC) analysis with four heating rates (5, 10, 15, 20 K min−1) under a nitrogen atmosphere was performed to determine the thermal characteristics and non-isothermal reaction kinetic parameters. The addition of NQ decreases the activation energy of the Stage II and III decomposition reaction, and accelerates the redox reaction and decomposition of Sr(NO3)2. Thermodynamic calculations and measurements of temperature profile and liner burning rates were performed to evaluate the combustion characteristics. Adding NQ decreased the adiabatic combustion temperature, outlet temperature, average flame height, flame oscillation frequency and pressure exponent of Vieille's equation, and increased the gas output and linear burning rate. Notably, mesa burning occurred when NQ was added, the mechanism of which is elaborated using a physical combustion model. The analysis deepens the understanding of when the gas-phase or condensed-phase reactions control the burning characteristics of the composite propellant.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
燃烧学
·
推进剂研究
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
·
2022
·
IF 6.437
Jianwei Zhang,Ling Chen,Liangyou Zhao,Guorui Jin,Weidong He
Nitrogen heterocycles as Nitrogen-rich energetic material has been widely popularized due to their desirable properties like low sensitivities, excellent stability, and lower environmental impact, less erosive and less toxic combustion gases , especially in gun propellant application areas. The focus of this study is on investigating interaction mechanism of 1 H-tetrazole (1 H-TZ) and nitrocellulose (NC) by kinetics methods and TG-DSC-FTIR analysis. The mixture (NC-TZ) between 1 H-TZ and NC was prepared by means of physical blending. DSC experiments indicated that the open and closed environment can generate different and important influence on the chemical reaction between 1 H-TZ and NC. Combined with the change of activation energy , it illustrated that the gas 2 H-tetrazole, the isomer of 1 H-TZ, had a significant influence on the thermal decomposition of NC. In comparison with kinetic models of NC and NC-TZ, it can be found that the addition of 1 H-TZ mainly affected the contribution factor and m value in the first stage. The value of m decreased from 1.00 to 0.15, meanwhile, the contribution factor was decreased from 0.50 to 0.12. It showed that NO 2 , the initial decomposition product of NC, had taken part in the thermal decomposition process of 1 H-TZ. TG-DSC-FTIR experiments indicated that there was a chemical reaction between 2 H-tetrazole and the initial decomposition product of NC, NO 2 , to form CO, N 2 O and HN 3 .
研究领域:
化学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
·
2019
·
IF 3.47
Peng Wang,Lei Chen,Hang Xiao
A novel highly efficient flame retardant with phosphaphenanthrene group and tetrazole ring, 6-(((1H-tetrazol-5-yl)amino)(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide (ATZ), was synthesized and incorporated into epoxy matrix as co-curing agent to remarkably improve the flame retardancy of epoxy resin. The curing behaviors of epoxy systems were investigated by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests. The thermal and flame retardant properties of epoxy thermosets were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), DSC analysis, limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 and cone calorimeter test. Moreover, the flame retardant mechanism was comprehensively investigated by analyzing the thermo-oxidative degradation and pyrolysis behaviors, along with the morphology and structure of residual char of epoxy thermosets. It showed that ATZ could accelerate the crosslinking reaction of epoxy system. The incorporation of ATZ resulted in the decrease of glass transition temperature ( T g ) and initial degradation temperature, while the increase of char yield at high temperature of epoxy thermoset. With the incorporation of 6 wt% ATZ, the thermoset achieved an LOI value of 33.7% and V-0 rating in UL-94 test. Moreover, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) in cone calorimetry test decreased by 26% in comparison with that of neat EP, accompanied with lower total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP). The flame retardant mechanism was ascribed to the barrier effect of intumescent and compact phosphorus-rich char layers with honeycombed cavity structure inside in the condensed phase, and quenching effect of phosphorous radicals and diluting effect of nonflammable gases in the gas phase. The interesting blowing out effect observed during UL-94 test arose from the intensive release of pyrolytic gases with considerable phosphorous radicals and nonflammable gases from the surface of sealed char layers.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
·
2025
·
IF 4.7
Kaidi Yang,Yifen Luo,Yusheng Zhang,Kunkai Wang,Huan Huo,Zhi Yang,Bozhou Wang,Fuqiang Bi
Two series of energetic salts with nitrogen and oxygen-rich skeleton, hydroxytetrazole, and detonation units were synthesized by convenient routes via available commercial reagents. The obtained energetic materials were investigated via IR, NMR and X-ray diffraction. Meanwhile, the electrostatic potential, detonation performance, along with DSC - TG - IR - MS analysis, were comprehensively investigated. The synthesized energetic salts exhibit convincing physical-chemical and detonation properties (Densities range from 1.70 g·cm -3 to 1.92 g·cm -3 . Detonation velocities up to 9500 m·s -1 ). The obtained materials display a decent thermal and mechanical stability. The decomposition temperatures of most of salts are close to 200 °C. The impact and friction sensitivities can surpass 40 J and 360 N respectively. Also the thermal decomposition mechanism was clarified. In general, novel series of energetic materials with promising performance are synthesized, which make their great application in the propellant field possible.
研究领域:
化学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF COORDINATION CHEMISTRY
·
2020
·
IF 1.41
Huang-Fei Qin,You Li,Xing-Mei Qin,Hai-Ye Li,He-Dong Bian,Qing Yu,Fu-Ping Huang
A new complex formulated as [Mn(H2O)6][Mn2(ett)6]·0.5H2O (1) has been synthesized from 5-(ethylthio)-1H-tetrazole) (Hett) andMn(OAc)2·4H2O. The crystal structure is composed of one [Mn(H2O)6] 2+ cation and an [Mn2(ett)6] 2– anionic chain. Two Mn(II) ions are bridged by μ2-ett – ligands to give [Mn2(ett)6] 2– anionic chains, which is balanced by cationic part of [Mn(H2O)6] 2+ in charge. The hydrogen bonds between anionic/cationic units play an important role in the formation of three-dimensional (3-D) supramolecular structure of 1. Magnetic measurements of 1 exhibit an interesting spin canting behavior and long-range magnetic ordering.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
磁性材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）