REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
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2025
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IF 5.1
Xudong Wang,Zhicheng Wang,Zhigang Yuan,Qiufei Chen,Tao Liu,Athar Ali Khan Gorar,Wenbin Liu,Jun Wang
Benzoxazine resins with cyano groups, characterized by abundant nitrogen functionalities and excellent properties after curing, play an important role in the field of advanced materials. In this work, a noval high-performance trifunctional benzoxazine monomer (TH-apn) containing cyano groups was successfully synthesized by using green solvents (PEG 200). The chemical structure of TH-apn was verified by proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR), 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance ( 13 C NMR), and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum. The curing behavior and curing kinetic of TH-apn were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the thermal properties of poly (TH-apn) at different post-cure temperatures were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Flame retardancy was assessed through using the UL-94 standard vertical flame test and the limiting oxygen index (LOI). Results revealed that poly(TH-apn-280) exhibited higher thermal performance (glass transition temperature ( T g ), initial decomposition temperature ( T 5 ), and char yield at 800 °C ( Y c ) of 395 °C, 459 °C, and 74.9 %, respectively), which was attributed to the cross-linking of cyanine to form a more stable structure after curing at high temperatures. Poly(TH-apn-280) demonstrated outstanding flame retardancy, achieving an LOI of 35.9 %. However, its flexural strength was 24.4 % lower than poly(TH-apn-240). TH-apn resin showed great potential for high temperature ablative materials, which resulted in excellent thermal stability and flame retardancy.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
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2018
·
IF 3.141
Xibing Zhan,Huijuan Liu,Junying Zhang
In this study, vinyl-terminated polysiloxane (abbreviated VISR) and allyl-terminated polysiloxane (abbreviated ALSR) were synthesized and characterized. The curing behaviors and viscoelastic and thermal properties of VISR/PHSR and ALSR/PHSR were comparatively investigated. DSC and in situ FT-IR spectroscopy can be adopted to study the influence of molecular structures on reactivity. The results prove that ALSR/PHSR shows higher reactivity including a higher reaction rate constant and cure degree than VISR/PHSR. Moreover, it is found that the Šesták-Berggren equation can adequately depict the cure kinetic model of silicone resin in hydrosilylation comparing the calculated results with experimental data. Additionally, DMA exhibits that the glass transition temperature and cross-linking density of ALSR/PHSR are much lower than those of VISR/PHSR, TGA data reveal that they have similar thermal stability as well as high char yield, and the decomposition energy ranges from 100 to 270 kJ/mol with increment of degree of mass conversion (αd) (αd = 0.15–0.85).
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE
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2016
·Vol. 34
·期 9
·1103-1116
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IF 1.811
Han Guo,Yang Zhen,Yang Xiao-xue,Zhang Xiao-a,Jiang Sheng-ling,Lu Ya-fei
Carborane bisphenol novolacs ( 3 and 4 ) were synthesized in the presence of acid catalyst from carborane bisphenols ( 5 and 6 ) and formaldehyde. Further epoxidization of carborane bisphenol novolacs with epichlorohydrin gave carborane bisphenol epoxy novolacs ( 1 and 2 ). The molecular weight and epoxy value of obtained resins were determined using the molecular weight of their precursors. The epoxy values of 1 and 2 were 0.48 and 0.52 respectively, higher than the maximum theoretical epoxy value (0.45) of difunctional carborane bisphenol epoxy resins. FTIR and NMR were utilized to characterize 1 and 2 . The curing behaviors were also studied by DSC and the optimized curing conditions were obtained. TGA analysis indicated that carborane moiety could shield its adjacent organic structures against initial decomposition. On the other hand, B―H on carborane cage could react with oxygen to form a three-dimensional network linked by B―O―B and B―C bonds, which further blocked the movement of formed radicals and thus the degradation process was inhibited.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER
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2019
·
IF 3.771
Zixuan Lei,Jingru Ji,Qianqiu Wu,Junjie Zhang,Yixun Wang,Xinli Jing,Yuhong Liu
Easily oxidized group and rigid structure of phenolic resin (PR) network can result in brittleness and low char yield at high temperatures, which limits the widespread applications of PR in harsh environment. Whilst organic-inorganic hybrid material , such as POSS-containing material was introduced to enhance PR, the microstructure and the thermo-mechanical properties of the hybrid material modified PR are not well understood. Therefore, in the work, a novel organic-inorganic hybrid networks (ENH) were prepared with epoxy-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (EPOSS) modified novolac phenolic resin (EN) and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) to further clarify the curing behavior and its relation to microstructure and the resulting thermal-mechanical properties. Here, the curing characteristics of ENH were discussed by usinag advanced isoconversional method and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It was revealed that a diversity of crosslinking networks was exhibited after curing ENH, including EPOSS-NR crosslinked, tethered structure, and self-polymerized structure of EPOSS as well as NH networks. When the substitution degree of EPOSS is relatively low, EPOSS serves as a junction point to further improve the crosslinking density of ENH networks, leading to better thermo-mechanical properties, thermal stability and tensile property as well as lower dielectric properties . However, as the self-polymerization of EPOSS increased, the NH network was dramatically disrupted and the thermo-mechanical properties, thermal stability and tensile property of ENH were deteriorated.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER TESTING
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2018
·
IF 2.247
Li Zhang,Yihe Zhang,Lei Wang,Yalin Yao,Liang Wang,Hongguang Wang,Juntao Wu,Moufeng Tian
A new monofunctional benzoxazine resin with high char yield has been synthesized in this paper. This resin's viscosity is lower than 500 mPa s at a temerature of 55 °C, lasting for over 210 min. The experimental results on this resin's chemical rheological properties are consistent with the dual Arrhenius equation. The results of dynamic DSC analysis show that, this resin's approximate gelling temperature, curing temperature and post-processing temperature are 182.6 °C, 194.2 °C and 205.1 °C respectively. According to the Kissinger equation, this resin's activation energy of curing reaction is 78.8 kJ/mol. In addition, this resin exhibits good thermal stability: its maximum thermal decomposition rate is reached at a temperature of 479 °C, its char yield at 800 °C is 42.7 percent, and its heat-resistance index is 179.8 °C. Thus, this monocyclic benzoxazine resin is a promissing material for high performance composites.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2025
·
IF 5.6
Haiman Xu,Rongzhen Liu,Chonggao Bao,Hao Li,Zhichao Cao,Na Huang
Aluminum nitride (AlN) ceramics are increasingly utilized across various applications due to their exceptional theoretical thermal conductivity. To enable the fabrication of AlN ceramics with customized structures, digital light processing (DLP) technology has been explored for producing complex geometries. However, challenges arise due to AlN’s high refractive index and susceptibility to moisture absorption, which affect the curing characteristics and rheology of AlN slurries used in DLP. This study systematically examined the curing behavior and rheological properties of AlN slurries. Initially, the impact of photosensitive resin compositions and photoinitiators on curing depth and excess width were investigated. The results revealed that with a resin mixture ratio of 3:4:3 (mixed resin, high refractive index resin, and 9,10-Diphenylanthracene) and the addition of 5wt% of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenyl phosphine oxide, the optimal curing depth of 90 μm was achieved, with an excess width of less than 0.1 mm. Additionally, the incorporation of 3wt% KH560 reduced the sedimentation rate and viscosity. The AlN slurry with 50vol% solid loading was prepared with the high curing depth of 73μm and low viscosity of 20.5 Pa.s at the shear rate of 27s -1 . Subsequently, the effects of buring powder for debinding process was investigated. Finally, a AlN ceramic body with a porosity of 2.97 %, bulk density of 3.08g/cm 3 , and flexural strength of 107.2MPa was obtained upon sintering at 1900 °C for 4 h.
研究领域:
材料科学
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陶瓷制造
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
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2016
·Vol. 6
·期 102
·100590-100597
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IF 3.289
YaZhen Xu,Jun Wang,FeiYa Fu,XiangDong Liu
The ring-opening addition reaction of benzoxazine with amines offers advantages in terms of curing temperature and control of material characteristics. In the present article, a benzoxazine monomer, 3,3′-sulfonyl-bis(4,1-phenylene)-bis(3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3-benzoxazine) (BZS), was synthesized from 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS), paraformaldehyde and phenol. The copolymerization and phase separation behaviors of BZS/DDS curing systems were studied. Experimental results show that there are competitive copolymerization paths in the curing process, and, moreover, that these copolymerization paths may result in phase separation in the cured resin. These findings can be used for improving polybenzoxazine properties such as toughening, and thus have potential value for various applications such as in the development of coatings, adhesives, and composites.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 3.2
Bo Liu,Zhigang Yuan,Mehdi Derradji,Caizhao Liu,Mingming Sun,Xugang Zhang,Gang Xue,Caiyu Song,Bin Zhang
Bismaleimide (BMI) resins is widely used in the aerospace field because of its excellent properties, but its poor toughness limits the possibility of its application in a wider range of fields. Therefore, a novel bio-compound, 4-(allyloxy)-3-methoxy-N-(3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl)benzamide (AMTPM), was designed and synthesized from renewable vanillin, which has Schiff-base structure, silico-oxygen bond structure, and allyl structure. The chemical structure of AMTPM has been characterized and validated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR). It was found that the addition of AMTPM can effectively promote the curing behavior of BD resins (BMI and diallyl bisphenol A (DBA) was mixed and cured at the ratio of 1:0.87, named BD resins). AMTPM can affect the thermal stability and improve the mechanical properties of BD-AMTPM resins (BD resins modified by AMTPM in different addition), and the detailed discussion was conducted. With the increase of AMTPM content, the thermal stability of BD-AMTPM resins was deteriorated while the residual weight percentage at 800°C ( Y c ) was increased. When the content of AMTPM reached 12 wt%, the results showed that Y c achieved the values at a magnitude of 37.57%. Meanwhile, the glass transition temperature ( T g ) achieved 320°C. Among the BD-AMTPM resins system, the BD-6 wt% AMTPM has the best toughness and mechanical properties. The impact strength was increased by 29.2%, the tensile strength was increased by 22.1% and the elongation at break was increased by 44%. The fracture morphology of BD-AMTPM resins was also studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to support the mechanical experimental conclusions. This study provides a more environmentally friendly and convenient modifier, which is of great significance for expanding the application of bismaleimide resin. Highlights A bio-based modifying agent (AMTPM) was designed and successfully synthesized. AMTPM has both Si-O and Schiff-base structures. AMTPM can effectively improve the toughness of BD-AMTPM resins through impact and tensile tests.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2021
·Vol. 139
·期 4
·51529
·
IF 3.125
Zhi-gang Yuan,Mohamadou Al Hassan,Zhi-cheng Wang,Jun-yi Wang,Jun Wang,Mehdi Derradji,Wen-bin Liu
Nanoparticles have been widely used in the improvement of the mechanical and thermal properties of the epoxy matrix. In this study, the room temperature curing agent composed of acrylic acid and 2,4,6-trimethyl-m-phenylenediamine was mixed with different concentrations of CeO 2 nanoparticles into the epoxy resin (E51) to obtain a nanocomposite that can be rapidly molded and cured. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were used to study the curing behavior of nanocomposites and E51 with the synthesized hardener. Through tensile, flexural, and impact tests, the influence of the nanoparticles content on the mechanical and thermal properties of the prepared composites was discussed. The results showed that the curing process was completed in 4 h. An increase of 78.4% in tensile strength, 81.7% in flexural strength, and 122.0% in elongation were obtained for the cured nanocomposite having 5 wt% CeO 2 loading compared to the neat resin. Thermogravimetric analysis result showed that the thermal stability increased with increasing of CeO 2 nanofillers content. Finally, the scanning electron microscope revealed the fracture surface morphology of the composites.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
MACROMOLECULES
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2018
·
IF 5.914
Xiaobin Shen,Lijun Cao,Yuan Liu,Jinyue Dai,Xiaoqing Liu,Jin Zhu,Shiyu Du
The formation of intra- or intermolecular hydrogen bonding and their influences on polybenzoxazine’s properties were investigated after the model benzoxazine monomers (o-AB-fbz, o-AF-fbz, o-AP-fbz, p-AB-fbz, p-AF-fbz, p-AP-fbz) were synthesized. Because of the different electron-donating abilities of bridging units (benzene, furan and pyridine) in isophthalic acid (IPA), 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (2,5-FDCA) and 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (2,6-PDCA), the strength of intramolecular H-bonding involved with the oxygen atom in oxazine ring in o-AB-fbz, o-AF-fbz and o-AP-fbz followed the order of o-AB-fbz > o-AF-fbz > o-AP-fbz, and the strength of the overall H-bonding was arranged as follows: o-AB-fbz < o-AF-fbz < o-AP-fbz. While more intermolecular H-bonding was formed in p-AB-fbz and p-AF-fbz as well as p-AP-fbz. DSC and FT-IR results discovered the relationship between the H-bonding involved with the oxygen atom in oxazine ring and the curing activities of benzoxazines. After curing reaction, the cured systems showed varied glass transition temperature (Tg), and the influence of H-bonding on Tg was revealed by in situ FT-IR analysis. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was also applied to investigate the properties of synthesized polybenzoxazines and similar results were obtained. Not only the formation of H-bonding but also their effects on both the curing behaviors of benzoxazine monomers and the thermal properties of cured resins were systematically investigated, which would help us understand polybenzoxazines more deeply and might be a guideline for improving their comprehensive properties only by manipulating the H-bonding.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2023
·
IF 8.4
Ying Bi,Zuoyuan Zhang,Lu Zhang,Binhui Zhao,Shanshan Cong,Liwu Zu,Shaobo Dong,Tianyu Lan,Yazhen Wang
Benzoxazines are synthesized by combining amines or phenolic structures from renewable biomass to achieve high carbon yields and heat resistance, and they have attracted considerable attention as sustainable high-performance polymers. A bifunctional benzoxazine monomer (DES-fa) was synthesized from diethylstilbestrol and furfurylamine by a solution process and was cured and characterized. The structural composition of the DES-fa monomer was analyzed by NMR, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Curing kinetics were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) by employing the Kissinger, Ozawa, Starink, and Friedman methods. The apparent activation energy of DES-fa was calculated to be 110.81 kJ/mol using the Starink method. The predicted plots of the developed mathematical model aligned well with the experimentally obtained DSC thermogram results. A polymerizable group (oxazine, furan ring) was introduced into the benzoxazine molecule to reduce the curing polymerization temperature. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the prepared benzoxazine resin exhibited excellent thermal stability, with a Td5 of 362 °C, a Td10 of 433 °C, a residual carbon content of 51%, and a Tg of 260 °C. Therefore, this new furfurylamine biobased benzoxazines offers a wide processing window and excellent thermal stability, which promise great potential for high-performance polymeric materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
有机化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2025
·
IF 5.6
Fei Liu,Qingzhi Xu,Jingjing Qu,Yuntao Huang,Jianping Ma,Lifu Lin
This study systematically examined the effect of silica particle size on the viscosity, curing behavior, and sintering properties of silica/alumina ceramic suspensions. The suspension with 200 nm silica has a significantly higher viscosity than those with 500 nm and 1 μm silica. During digital light processing-based vat photopolymerization (VPP), the suspension with 200 nm silica exhibited the lowest cure depth and cure width. The sample's shrinkage and densification after sintering at different temperatures were also analyzed. At the same temperature, the silica particle size only weakly affected the shrinkage and densification. However, X-ray diffraction analysis of sintered samples revealed that a smaller particle size significantly facilitated the formation of the mullite phase. Finally, high-quality mullite ceramics with clear outlines were successfully prepared. This research provides an experimental foundation for the in-situ synthesis of complex mullite ceramic structures using VPP.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
陶瓷工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）