Translational and Clinical Pharmacology
·
2021
·
IF 0
Hyeon-Cheol Jeong,Yo-Han Seo,Namyi Gu,Moo Yong Rhee,Kwang-Hee Shin
Candesartan and olmesartan are angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) used for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. Quantitation methods for candesartan and olmesartan were developed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry following protein precipitation. Candesartan was separated using 5 mM ammonium formate (A) and 100% acetonitrile (B) and olmesartan was separated using 2 mM ammonium formate with 0.1% formic acid (A) and 100% acetonitrile (B). Separation was performed using an isocratic method with a Thermo hypersil GOLD C18 column. Electrospray ionization was used for analyte ionization and detection of candesartan, olmesartan, and the internal standards by multiple reaction monitoring. Developed method showed excellent linearity ( r > 0.99) in the concentration range of 2–500 ng/mL for candesartan and 5–2,500 ng/mL for olmesartan. Accuracies were 86.70–108.8% for candesartan and 87.87–112.6% for olmesartan. These methods were able to successfully measure plasma candesartan or olmesartan concentrations in hypertensive patients. This study can be used for pharmacokinetic studies of candesartan or olmesartan in humans.
研究领域:
药理学
·
分析化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
ACS Omega
·
2024
·
IF 3.7
Chengchun Chen,Duoyun Li,Yongpeng Shang,Zhiwei Lin,Zewen Wen,Peiyu Li,Zhijian Yu,Zhong Chen,Xiaoju Liu
Enterococcus faecalis infections pose a significant clinical challenge due to their multidrug resistance and propensity for biofilm formation. Exploring alternative treatment options, such as repurposing existing drugs, is crucial in addressing this issue. This study investigates the antibacterial activity of candesartan cilexetil against E. faecalis and elucidates its mechanism of action. Candesartan cilexetil exhibited notable antibacterial activity against both E. faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ≤25 μM. Time-kill curves demonstrated concentration-dependent bactericidal effects. Candesartan cilexetil could significantly inhibited biofilm formation at the concentration of 1/4× MIC and induced alterations in biofilm structure. Permeability assays revealed compromised bacterial membranes, accompanied by the dissipation of membrane potential in E. faecalis cells after treatment with candesartan cilexetil. Checkerboard analysis showed that bacterial membrane phospholipids phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin could neutralize the antibacterial activity of candesartan cilexetil in a dose-dependent manner. Biolayer interferometry (BLI) assay indicated specific interactions between candesartan cilexetil and phosphatidylglycerol or cardiolipin. This study demonstrates the promising antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of candesartan cilexetil against multidrug-resistant E. faecalis. The mechanism of action involves disruption of bacterial membranes, possibly by interacting with membrane phospholipids. These findings underscore the potential utility of candesartan cilexetil as an effective therapeutic agent for combating E. faecalis infections, offering a valuable strategy in the battle against antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
研究领域:
微生物学
·
药理学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING
·
2015
·Vol. 20
·期 3
·550-560
·
IF 1.113
Hao Shanhu,Yan Ying,Ren Xue,Xu Ying,Chen Lanlan,Zhang Haibo
A multifunctional polymer-drug conjugate candesartan-graft-polyethyleneimine (CD-PEI, CP) containing low molecular weight polyethyleneimine (PEI) and candesartan (CD) conjugated via an amide bond was fabricated as a co-delivery micelle of drug and siRNA for potential lung cancer therapy. Here, CD as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker rich in imidazole and tetrazole rings was utilized to strengthen endosomal buffering capacity of CP and suppress tumor angiogenesis. The selfassembled CP/siRNA complexes exhibited desirable and homogenous particle size, moderate positive charges, and efficient release of drug and siRNA in vitro . In addition, CD and siRNA could readily detached from nanovectors in tumor cells via an amidase-responsive mechanism and they achieved synergistic anti-angiogenesis efficacy by effectively downregulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and protein via different pathways in vitro. In vivo investigation on nude mice bearing A549 tumor xenografts revealed that CP/siRNA complexes possessed strong antitumor activity. These findings suggested that CP could be an ideal nanovector for simultaneous transfer of drug and siRNA, and a multifunctional CP/siRNA co-delivery system with enhanced endosomal buffering capacity, amidase-responsive drug release and synergistic anti-angiogenesis efficacy might be a new promising strategy for effective lung cancer therapy.
研究领域:
药学
·
肿瘤学
·
生物材料学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Pharmaceutics
·
2021
·Vol. 13
·期 4
·497
·
IF 6.321
Surendra Poudel,Dong Wuk Kim
Candesartan cilexetil (CC), a prodrug and highly effective antihypertensive agent, is a poorly soluble (BCS Class II) drug with limited bioavailability. Here, we attempted to improve CC’s bioavailability by formulating several CC-loaded amorphous solid dispersions with a hydrophilic carrier (PVPK30) and pH modifier (sodium carbonate) using the spray drying technique. Solubility, in vitro dissolution, and moisture content tests were used for screening the optimized formulation. We identified an optimized formulation of CC/PVPK30/SC, which at the ratio of 1:0.5:1 (w/w/w) exhibited a 30,000-fold increase in solubility and a more than 9-fold enhancement in dissolution compared to pure CC. Solid-state characterization revealed that in pH-modulated CC amorphous solid dispersion (CCSDpM), CC’s crystallinity was altered to an amorphous state with the absence of undesirable interactions. Stability studies also showed that the optimized formulation was stable with good drug content and drug release under accelerated conditions of up to 4 weeks and real-time stability conditions of up to 12 weeks. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic parameters, such asAUCandCmaxof candesartan, had a 4.45-fold and 7.42-fold improvement, respectively, in CCSDpM-treated rats compared to those in the CC-treated rats. Thus, these results suggest that CCSDpMis highly effective for increasing oral absorption. The application of these techniques can be a viable strategy to improve a drug’s bioavailability.
研究领域:
药剂学
·
药物化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
BIOMATERIALS
·
2014
·
IF 8.312
Xiuli Bao,Wei Wang,Cheng Wang,Yu Wang,Jianping Zhou,Yang Ding,Xiaoyi Wang,Yuting Jin
A multifunctional copolymer–anticancer conjugate chitosan-graft-polyethyleneimine-candesartan (CPC) containing low molecular weight chitosan (CS) backbone and polyethyleneimine (PEI) arms with candesartan (CD) conjugated via an amide bond was fabricated as a targeted co-delivery nanovector of drug and gene for potential cancer therapy. Here, CD was utilized to specifically bind to overexpressed angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT 1 R) of tumor cells, strengthen endosomal buffering capacity of CPC and suppress tumor angiogenesis . The self-assembled CPC/pDNA complexes exhibited desirable and homogenous particle size, moderate positive charges, superior stability, and efficient release of drug and gene in vitro . Flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy analyses confirmed that CD-targeted function and CD-enhanced buffering capacity induced high transfection, specific cellular uptake and efficient intracellular delivery of CPC/pDNA complexes in AT 1 R-overexpressed PANC-1 cells. In addition, CPC/wt-p53 complexes co-delivering CD and wild type p53 (wt-p53) gene achieved synergistic angiogenesis suppression by more effectively downregulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and protein via different pathways in vitro , as compared to mono-delivery and mixed-delivery systems. In vivo investigation on nude mice bearing PANC-1 tumor xenografts revealed that CPC/wt-p53 complexes possessed high tumor-targeting capacity and strong anti-tumor activity. Additional analysis of microvessel density (MVD) demonstrated that CPC/wt-p53 complexes significantly inhibited tumor-associated angiogenesis. These findings suggested that CPC could be an ideal tumor-targeting nanovector for simultaneous transfer of drug and gene, and a multifunctional CPC/wt-p53 co-delivery system with tumor-specific targetability, enhanced endosomal buffering capacity and synergistic anti-angiogenesis efficacy might be a new promising strategy for effective tumor therapy.
研究领域:
药剂学
·
分子生物学
·
肿瘤学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Antioxidants
·
2023
·Vol. 12
·期 3
·679
·
IF 7
Tong Zhu,Jingjing Song,Bin Gao,Junjie Zhang,Yabei Li,Zhaoyang Ye,Yuxiang Zhao,Xiaogang Guo,Feng Xu,Fei Li
Myocardial fibrosis progression and imbalanced redox state are closely associated with increased extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness. Candesartan (CAN), an angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor inhibitor, has shown promising anti-fibrosis and antioxidant efficacy in previous cardiovascular disease studies. However, the effect of ECM stiffness on CAN efficacy remains elusive. In this study, we constructed rat models with three different degrees of myocardial fibrosis and treated them with CAN, and then characterized the stiffness, cardiac function, and NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX2) expression of the myocardial tissues. Based on the obtained stiffness of myocardial tissues, we used polyacrylamide (PA) gels with three different stiffness to mimic the ECM stiffness of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) at the early, middle, and late stages of myocardial fibrosis as the cell culture substrates and then constructed CFs mechanical microenvironment models. We studied the effects of PA gel stiffness on the migration, proliferation, and activation of CFs without and with CAN treatment, and characterized the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels of CFs using fluorometry and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). We found that CAN has the best amelioration efficacy in the cardiac function and NOX2 levels in rats with medium-stiffness myocardial tissue, and the most obvious anti-fibrosis and antioxidant efficacy in CFs on the medium-stiffness PA gels. Our work proves the effect of ECM stiffness on CAN efficacy in myocardial anti-fibrosis and antioxidants for the first time, and the results demonstrate that the effect of ECM stiffness on drug efficacy should also be considered in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.Keywords:myocardial fibrosis;candesartan (CAN);extracellular matrix (ECM);oxidative stress;scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM)
研究领域:
心脏病学
·
药理学
·
生物医学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
International Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric Biomaterials
·
2015
·
IF 3.568
Qingzhi Guo,Dongdong Guan,Baihua Dong,Fangfang Nan,Youzhong Zhang
Candesartan-g-polyethyleneimine-cis-1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride (CD-g-PEI-HHPA, CPH) polymer-drug conjugates based on charge-conversional delivery, enhanced buffering capacity, amidase-triggered drug release, and combined cancer chemotherapy strategies were successfully synthesized for simultaneous and effective codelivery of CD and paclitaxel (PTX) to treat cervical cancer. The CPH polymer-drug conjugates could self-assemble into core-shell structure micelle of around 100 nm in diameter with negative surface charge and were employed to load PTX to formulate binary drug delivery system. The CPH polymeric micelles could mediate quick endosomal escape and amidase-responsive drug-release manners. In vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo investigations confirmed CPH binary drug delivery system exerted strong antitumor efficacy.
研究领域:
药学
·
肿瘤学
·
药物递送系统
·
聚合物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Liang Song,Weiwei Zheng,Shuqin Wang,Zihe Zhai,Shifen Li,Jie Ding,Liyin Shen,Jinyue Zhang,Yang Zhu,Changyou Gao
Pathology of myocardial infarction (MI) undergoes continuous spatiotemporal transformation, during which immediate elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent upregulated connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) exacerbate the impairment of cardiac functions. The major challenge lies in designing biomaterials that can adaptively respond to the temporal changes in the MI microenvironment. Herein, we prepared ROS-responsive dual drug-loaded core–shell microgels (SaB/Cand@C-S MGs) using microfluidic chip technology. The hydrogel shell was made from ROS-eliminating hyperbranched poly(acrylate-capped thioketone-containing ethylene glycol) (HBPAK) and methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA), which was further encapsulated with hydrophilic salvianolic acid B (SaB). The oleogel core was loaded with hydrophobic candesartan (Cand). This structure enabled programmed drug release by utilizing ROS-responsive shell. The release of Cand from the SaB/Cand@C-S MGs in vitro was significantly accelerated in the presence of H 2 O 2 , reaching to 68% over 21 d, compared to 24% in PBS. In a rat MI model, minimally invasive injection of the SaB/Cand@C-S MGs into the infarcted area demonstrated both short-term anti-inflammatory effect and long-term benefit in fibrosis suppression. This phase-targeted approach ultimately resulted in improved cardiac functions, reduced fibrosis, and decreased ventricular dilation. The core–shell microgels as a drug reservoir offer a programmed drug delivery strategy adaptive to the specific phases of MI, showing great potential for applications.
研究领域:
药理学
·
生物医学工程
·
心脏病学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
·
2018
·Vol. 18
·期 4
·2379-2386
·
IF 1.354
Gong Xiaojin,Zhao Qian,Song Mu,Xue Feng
In our study, we report on the design and characterization of a combined angiogenesis therapy for breast cancer based on well-formed amine-functionalized silica nanoparticles (SLNs). The aminefunctionalized SLNs was employed to simultaneously deliver angiostatin (ANG) plasmid and candesartan
(CD) to the same cancer cell. The well-formed ANG/CD/SLNs exhibited small particle size, reasonable positive charges, excellent loading of drug and gene in vitro. Moreover, aminefunctionalized SLNs were almost no cytotoxicity. ANG/CD/SLNs resulted in enhanced gene transfection compared
to naked plasmid. More importantly, ANG/CD/SLNs as a co-delivery system achieved a stronger inhibitory effect on angiogenesis in vitro, possibly resulting from significant downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression via different pathways. In particular, in
vivo investigation on nude mice bearing MCF-7 xenografts confirmed that ANG/CD/SLNs codelivery system exerted strong anti-tumor efficacy by synergistic antiangiogenic mechanism.
研究领域:
纳米技术
·
癌症治疗
·
分子生物学
·
药剂学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2017
·
IF 7.504
Xuefang Ding,Yujie Su,Cheng Wang,Fangrong Zhang,Kerong Chen,Yu Wang,Min Li,Wei Wang
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with unique physicochemical properties have exhibited promising biomedical applications as drug and gene carriers. In this study, polyethylenimine (PEI)-modified SWNT conjugates linked with candesartan (CD) were developed to deliver vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted siRNA (siVEGF) for the synergistic and targeted treatment of tumor angiogenesis. The characterization results revealed that SWNT–PEI–CD conjugates were successfully synthesized and exhibited desirable dispersibility and superior stability. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and flow cytometry (FCM) results showed that SWNT–PEI–CD/siVEGF complexes could achieve high cellular uptake and specific intracellular distribution of siRNA in AT1R overexpressed PANC-1 cells. Strong down-regulation of VEGF was also verified by qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blot in complex-treated PANC-1 cells. The in vitro angiogenesis assay showed that SWNT–PEI–CD/siVEGF complexes highly inhibited tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Furthermore, in vivo observation in PANC-1 xenografted nude mice demonstrated that SWNT–PEI–CD/siVEGF complexes exhibited significant distribution at tumor sites and caused obvious inhibition of tumor growth and tumor-associated angiogenesis repression induced by the drug combination of CD and siVEGF. Finally, a WST-1 assay indicated that SWNT–PEI–CD possessed low cytotoxicity, and a hemolysis test showed good biocompatibility of SWNT–PEI–CD. Hematological and histological analyses confirmed that SWNT–PEI–CD/siVEGF complexes did not cause any obvious toxic effects to blood and major organs. These findings suggested that the SWNT–PEI–CD/siVEGF co-delivery system with tumor-targeting specificity, improved endosomal escaping properties, and collaboration of angiogenesis inhibition could be a prospective method for efficient tumor antiangiogenic therapy.
研究领域:
癌症生物学
·
纳米医学
·
药学
·
分子生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
·
2020
·
IF 4.049
Qi Liang,Xiaoying Fu,Jianfeng Zhang,Jiaxue Hao,Gangjun Feng,Jing Wang,Qian Li,Faizan Ahmad,Xinfeng Zhao
The enormous growth in drug discovery paradigm has necessitated continuous exploration of new methods for drug-protein interaction analysis. To enhance the role of these methodologies in designing rational drugs, this work extended an immobilized angiotensin II type I receptor (AT 1 R) based affinity chromatography in antihypertensive compound identification. We fused haloalkane dehalogenase at C-terminus of AT 1 R and expressed the fusion receptor in E. coli. The expressed receptor was covalently immobilized onto 8.0 μm microspheres by mixing the cell lysate with 6-chlorocaproic acid-modified amino polystyrene microspheres. The immobilized AT 1 R was utilized for thermodynamic and kinetic interaction analysis between the receptor and four specific ligands. Following confirmation of these interactions by molecular docking, we identified puerarin and rosmarinic acid by determining their binding to the receptor. Azilsartan, candesartan, valsartan and olmesartan displayed two kinds of binding sites to AT 1 R by injection amount-dependent method. By molecular docking, we recognize the driving forces of the interaction as electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonds and van der Waals force. The dissociation rate constants (k d ) of azilsartan, candesartan, valsartan and olmesartan to AT 1 R were 0.01138 ± 0.003, 0.05142 ± 0.003, 0.07547 ± 0.004 and 0.01310 ± 0.005 min −1 by peak profiling assay. Comparing with these parameters, puerarin and rosmarinic acid presented lower affinity (K A : 0.12 × 10 4 and 1.5 × 10 4 /M) and slower kinetics (k d : 0.6864 ± 0.03 and 0.3005 ± 0.01 min −1 ) to the receptor. These results, taking together, indicated that the immobilized AT 1 R has the capacity to probe antihypertensive compounds.
研究领域:
药理学
·
药物发现
·
生物化学
·
分子生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 4.8
Zhenyu Wu,Xufang Huo,Yubing Huang,Taowu Gong,Pengcheng Zhao,Yuhang Zhu,Qingfan Zeng
Although hypertension (HYP) consistently predicts cognitive decline, the precise pathogenic cascade within the brain remains elusive. Here we interrogated whether the PPARγ/ACSL3 axis governs HYP-elicited hippocampal ferroptosis and consequent cognitive dysfunction. This study aimed to explore the role of the PPARγ/ACSL3 axis in HYP-induced neuronal ferroptosis and cognitive impairment. In the HYP rat model, behavioral tests (Morris water maze and Y-maze tests) demonstrated that rats in the hypertensive group had a significant decline in learning and memory. Mechanistically, the AngII-AT1R axis was found to be activated in the hippocampus, accompanied by typical ultrastructural features of ferroptosis, increased iron accumulation, elevated oxidative stress, and downregulation of PPARγ, ACSL3, and key ferroptosis defense proteins (GPX4, XCT, and FPN1). In vitro, ACSL3 overexpression alleviated AngII-induced neuronal ferroptosis. Furthermore, the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone attenuated lipid peroxidation and iron overload by transcriptionally upregulating ACSL3, a direct regulatory relationship confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. In conclusion, under hypertensive conditions, BRAS activation inhibits the PPARγ/ACSL3 axis via the AngII-AT1R pathway, aggravates lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in hippocampal neurons, and ultimately contributes to cognitive decline. This study provides new experimental evidence for the mechanism research and therapeutic target exploration of HYP-related cognitive impairment.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
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