INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2023
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IF 8.2
Hongyan Cheng,Yincai Wu,Wayne Hsu,Fenglong Lin,Shenglong Wang,Junwei Zeng,Qiuyin Zhu,Lijun Song
Resolving the flammability of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) while ensuring its environmental friendliness and preserving key flame retardancy and mechanical properties represents a critical challenge. We have successfully developed a highly efficient and environmentally friendly flame retardant called Hexamethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid amine (HDME). The flame retardancy of PLA/HDME composites was significantly improved, as indicated by the LOI value of 29.1 % and UL-94 V-0 rating for PLA/3.5 HDME with only 3.5 % HDME addition. The results show a 23.4 % reduction in the total heat release (THR), a 40.0 % increase in the time to ignition (TTI), and a 21.2 % increase in the flame propagation index (FPI) compared to original PLA. Flame retardant mechanism of HDME involves the gas phase, condensed phase, and interrupted heat exchange effects. The HDME also preserved the original mechanical properties of PLA, with the elongation at break and tensile strength retention of PLA/3.5 HDME reaching 93.05 % and 89.65 %. This work provides a simple and efficient method for flame retardant modification of PLA, which can expand its application scope.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF VINYL & ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGY
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2024
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IF 3.8
Shijie Zhang,Jiaxuan Li,Jiuhong Liu,Jinpeng Song,Qing Yu,Liang Song,Guiqing Cheng,Zhongwei Wang,Yuxi Han
Thermoplastic poly(ether ester) elastomer (TPEE) is a highly flammable material with severe melt-dropping, which greatly limits its range of applications. Here, black phosphorus nanosheets (BPs) and aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP) were used to improve the fire safety of TPEE for the first time. Results demonstrated that ADP/BPs as a synergistic combination exhibits good dispersity and excellent flame retardancy, also has minimal negative effects on the mechanical performances of the TPEE composites. By comparing TPEE/ADP-22 and TPEE/ADP-10/BPs-4, the introduction of BPs significantly reduced the addition of ADP while keeping the material at the higher vertical burning grade, ~54.5% reduction in ADP usage. Compared with neat TPEE, TPEE/ADP-10/BPs-4 fulfilled V-0 level, avoided dripping, and the limiting oxygen index value increased to 34.0%. Moreover, TPEE/ADP-10/BPs-4 performed the best in cone calorimetry test, both the peak heat release rate and total heat release reduced the largest, by 44.2% and 25.3%, respectively. The detailed studies of the flame-retardant mechanism found that ADP/BPs showed the fire-retardant impact of the condensed phase and gaseous phase. This work expands BPs in the flame-retardant application and could facilitate to prepare the anti-dripping flame-resistant TPEE. Highlights BPs as an efficient flame retardant were added into TPEE for the first time. ADP/BPs as a synergistic combination has an excellent fire-retardant effect. The introduction of BPs significantly reduced the addition of ADP. TPEE/ADP-10/BPs-4 showed the highest FPI and the lowest FGI. ADP/BPs has lowest negative effects on the mechanical performances of matrix.
研究领域:
材料科学
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火灾安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER
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2025
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IF 4.5
Yang Gou,Yi-fan Zha,De-xiang Sun,Jing-hui Yang,Yong Wang
The inherent flammability of epoxy resin remains a critical challenge in material applications. To address this issue while overcoming the common drawbacks of flame-retardant additives-including poor miscibility with epoxy matrices, deterioration of mechanical properties, and long-term leaching - recent research has focused on developing efficient reactive flame retardants capable of participating in epoxy curing reactions. In this study, a novel multifunctional reactive flame retardant (TD-DOPO) synthesized through a one-step reaction of tyramine, 1,4-benzaldehyde, and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxo-10-phosphanthracene-10-oxide (DOPO) was presented. In the epoxy system, TD-DOPO demonstrated exceptional flame-retardant performance via a biphasic synergistic mechanism, achieving UL-94 V-0 rating at a remarkably low phosphorus content of merely 0.2 wt%, and the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) were also reduced by 31.5 % and 22.4 %, respectively. Concurrently, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) increased significantly from 22.2 % to 33.1 %. Notably, the multiple reactive sites of TD-DOPO not only synergistically modulated the epoxy ring-opening kinetics but also facilitated the formation of a hierarchical crosslinked network due to its inherent rigid molecular structure. This unique molecular architecture simultaneously enhanced the mechanical properties of the composite, resulting in a 29.6 % improvement in toughness. Furthermore, the tensile and flexural modulus increased to 2183.5 MPa and 3909.8 MPa, respectively, while excellent thermal properties were maintained. This work demonstrates that the design and synthesis of novel multi-reactive center flame retardants represents a straightforward yet effective strategy for developing flame retardant epoxy resin with good comprehensive performances.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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火灾安全工程
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化学合成
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2025
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IF 2.8
Junying Wu,Ruijie Guo,Houting Kang,Yanming Wang,Jingyuan Tian,Jierong Wang,Hong Yan
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have great potential in improving the fire safety of polymer materials. To improve the fire resistance and smoke suppression of polypropylene (PP), a flame-retardant system ZIF-67@γ-CD-MOFs@APP incorporating multiple flame-retardant elements was designed and applied to PP. The coated PP passed UL-94 V-0 level with the LOI up to 36.2% and char residue of 12.47%. The PHRR, PSPR, COP, and CO 2 P of coated PP were reduced by 52.65%, 24.72%, 36.49%, and 52.29%, respectively, compared to neat PP. In addition, the tPHRR, tPSPR, tCOP, and tCO 2 P were prolonged by 405.3%, 345.4%, 427.8%, and 405.3% compared to pure PP, allowing more escape time when facing a real fire. Integrating the hierarchical porous structure provided by ZIF-67 and γ-CD-MOFs, catalytic carbonization of transition metal Co and the nitrogen-containing ligand, ZIF-67@γ-CD-MOFs@APP played a flame-retardant role both in the condensed and gas phase, endowing PP with enhanced flame retardancy and smoke suppression. The “all-in-one” strategy provides helpful insights for constructing fire retardant system with multi-level nanostructure.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子科学
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消防安全工程
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纳米技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
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2025
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IF 2.5
Zhongliang Guo,Yuqin Zhu,Yu Mi,Zhiyong Zhang,Huiying Wen,Lubin Liu,Miaojun Xu,Bin Li
In this study, a phosphorus-containing thermotropic liquid crystal copolyester (p-TLCP) was synthesized via melt polycondensation using 2-(6-oxid-6H-dibenzo<1,2>oxaphosphorin-6-yl)-1,4-benzenediol (DOPO-HQ), terephthalic acid (TPA), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HBA), and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) as raw materials with a molar ratio of 3:3:2:2. The flame-retardant p-TLCP was subsequently incorporated into polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) to fabricate composites. The thermal properties, flame retardancy, and mechanical performance of the PBT/p-TLCP composites were systematically investigated through limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL-94), cone calorimetry, dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMA), tensile/impact testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), coupled with laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS) and Thermogravimetric-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). Results revealed that the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of the composites were markedly improved with increasing p-TLCP content. When the p-TLCP addition was 10.0 wt.%, the LOI value of the composite increased from 22.0% (pure PBT) to 27.0%, achieving a UL-94 V-0 rating; at a p-TLCP loading of 12.5 wt.%, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) decreased by 22.4% and 35.8% relative to pure PBT, respectively, while the storage modulus and tensile strength were elevated by 22.8% and 19.4%, with impact strength reaching 30.5% enhancement, demonstrating optimal comprehensive performance.
研究领域:
高分子科学
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材料工程
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化学合成
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热分析
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阻燃性能
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Materials Today Communications
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2025
·
IF 4.5
Yihan Liu,Xiaofeng Song,Shuna Jin,Ye Liu,Chang Gao
The development of biodegradable oil/water separation meshes with flame retardancy is a novel topic at present, carrying substantial implications for the application of biodegradable materials in membrane separation technology, because biodegradable matrix is beneficial to sustainable development and reduces environmental pollution after disposal. In this study, A functional filler (DBO) was synthesized using 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde, 4,4′-diamino- diphenyl sulfone, and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10- phosphate as raw materials via two-step chemical reaction, which has good solubility in various organic solvents. DBO is blended with polylactic acid (PLA) to make electrospun fiber meshes. When the blend ratio of DBO/PLA is 20 wt%, the water contact angle of fiber mesh reaches 150.6 ± 2.4°, while the limited oxygen index (LOI) and UL-94 test are 27.5 % and V-2 level, respectively. The fiber mesh demonstrates selective separation for alkane/water mixture, achieving permeation flux and separation efficiency of 3030 ± 157 L·m −2 ·h −1 and 99.2 ± 0.7 % for n-hexane/water, separately. It exhibits high stability and durability. After several rounds of alkane/water separation, the fiber mesh maintains the flame retardancy as confirmed by ignition tests. Additionally, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the fiber mesh surpassed those of PLA mesh, which are 1.44 ± 0.18 MPa and 54.83 ± 3.66 %, respectively. The integration of flame retardancy with superhydrophobicity into biodegradable polymers will open new avenues for advanced environmental engineering materials.
研究领域:
环境工程
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材料科学
·
高分子科学
·
化学工程
·
纳米技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）