JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
·
2020
·Vol. 28
·期 8
·2101-2107
·
IF 2.572
Ma Yufeng,Song Fei,Kong Qinying,Li Qiaoguang,Jia Puyou,Zhou Yonghong
Dioctyl phthalate (DEHP), as the most used commercial plasticizer, has been restricted in many polymer products due to its reproductive toxicity to human body. In this study, castor oil based polyol ester(CPE) was synthesized via a simple and efficient way and used as a sustainable plasticizer in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) films to replace toxic DEHP. The chemical structure of the obtained bio-based plasticizer was characterized. The oral toxicity test indicated that CPE had toxic doses of over 3000 mg/kg. Tg of PVC films decreased from 87.4 to 19.1 °C, which is lower than PVC-DEHP systems. The tensile strength and elongation at break of PVC films plasticized with 50 phr CPE is 12.10 MPa and 450.15% respectively, which shows more flexible than PVC/50 prh DEHP samples.The DMA and tensile tests results indicated that the plasctizing effect of CPE was more excellent than DEHP. DEHP can be completely replaced with CPE in flexible PVC products.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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环境科学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
·
2018
·Vol. 53
·期 12
·8909-8920
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IF 2.993
Chen Jie,Liu Zengshe,Nie Xiaoan,Jiang Jianchun
A castor oil-derived diglycidyl ester plasticizer (C26-DGE) was prepared and incorporated into poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) for the first time. The chemical structure of the product was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR), and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance ( 13 C-NMR). The plasticizing effects of C26-DGE as a primary or secondary plasticizer for the commercial plasticizer dioctyl phthalate (DOP) were studied. The mechanical properties, thermal stability, and migration stabilities of PVC films were investigated using dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), TGA-FTIR analysis, and PVC film surface analysis. Tensile, volatility, and extraction tests were also done. The castor oil-based plasticizer was found to endow the PVC matrix with enhanced compatibility and flexibility. With partially or completely substituted DOP, C26-DGE significantly increased the thermal stability of PVC blends. Furthermore, the volatility and extraction resistance of the novel plasticizers were generally superior to those of DOP. The interaction between the C26-DGE and PVC molecules and the thermal degradation process of PVC blends were also investigated.
研究领域:
高分子化学
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材料科学
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绿色化学
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塑料加工
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环境功能材料
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2024
·
IF 7.7
Shiyan Sun,Yunxuan Weng,Yu Han,Caili Zhang
Polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable polymer with low flexibility, is commonly plasticized with small molecules like tributyl citrate (TBC) for film production. However, these plasticizers, which lack chemical bonds or strong intermolecular interactions with the matrix, tend to migrate to the film surface over time. Their inclusion often compromises material strength for flexibility, increasing elongation at break but reducing tensile strength. In this research, by combining citric acid with n-butanol (B) and poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (E), we synthesized three plasticizers, namely TE 3 , TE 2 B 1 , and TE 1 B 2 , to enhance the flexibility of PLA. TE 2 B 1 and TE 1 B 2 are equipped with butyl ester groups that offer effective plasticizing effects. Additionally, the incorporation of long-chain alkyl featuring epoxy groups can boost the interaction with PLA. The results showed that the epoxy groups of the long-chain alkyl plasticizers can improve the elongation at break without compromising tensile strength significantly. The migration of plasticizer from PLA matrix can be reduced by strong interactions like chemical bonds, entanglements, and hydrogen bonding with PLA. TE 1 B 2 demonstrated the best plasticizing effect. Adding 15 portions of TE1B2 and TBC separately increased PLA's elongation at break to 304 % and 242 %, with tensile strengths of 36.1 MPa and 22.3 MPa, respectively.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
·
2019
·
IF 6.395
Yufeng Ma,Fei Song,Yun Hu,Qinying Kong,Chengguo Liu,Md Anisur Rahman,Yonghong Zhou,Puyou Jia
Almost 80% of plasticizers used in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) materials are toxic o-phenyl plasticizers. In order to replace o-phenyl plasticizers in PVC materials, a series of highly branched and nontoxic plasticizers (CHE-4,CHE-8 and CHE-12) based on natural cashew shell oil (CNSL), an agricultural and forestry residue, were synthesized via facile one-pot solvent-free synthesis. The chemical structure, relative molecular mass and thermal stability of the obtained highly branched and nontoxic plasticizers were characterized. The toxicity of CHE-12 was investigated in the low (1000 mg/kg), middle (2000 mg/kg and 3000 mg/kg) and high dose (5000 mg/kg), the results suggested that CHE-12 has toxic doses of 5000 mg/kg and is a non-toxic plasticizer. PVC materials plasticized with CHE-12 showed more excellent thermal stability, plasticizing property and migration stability than dioctyl phthalate (DOP). Microstructure of PVC materials was investigated and the results showed that compatibility of PVC with CHE-12 is better than DOP. The microscopic plasticizing mechanism was also investigated. CHEs were proved to be promising candidates for the chemical conversion of CNSL derivatives into environmentally friendly and non-toxic plasticizers.
研究领域:
化学工程
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环境科学
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材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
·
2022
·
IF 2.731
Jiancong Wang,Xiufeng Duan,Hanbing Du,Xiaoyun Yang,Hanhong Xu
Statement of RetractionWe, the Editor and Publisher of the journal International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, have retracted the following article: Jiancong Wang, Xiufeng Duan, Hanbing Du, Xiaoyun Yang, and Hanhong Xu (2022) Occurrence and spatial distribution of plasticizers in aquatic environment of Guangzhou, Chinadoi.org/10.1080/03067319.2022.2128796It has come to our attention that this article contained incorrect data in the sample preparation section. The Authors contacted us to inform of this error and requested for the article to be retracted.We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as ‘Retracted’.
研究领域:
环境科学
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化学分析
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
·
2023
·Vol. 48
·期 5
·e202200255
·
IF 1.8
Sen Sun,Xueyong Guo,Qi Pan,Honglei Zhang,Wanjun Zhao,Chengcheng Wu,Shengwei Li
In order to avoid the crystal transformation of ϵ-Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (ϵ-HNIW) dissolved in plasticizers, a suitable bonding agent was selected to inhibit the crystal transformation of ϵ-HNIW. Interfacial interaction simulations were carried out using Materials Studio2017 software for selected neutral polymer bonding agent (NPBA), polyene polyamine bonding agent (LBA) and polydopamine (PDA) and ϵ-HNIW. Results showed that the interaction order of the three polymers on the ϵ-HNIW crystal surface is PDA>NPBA> LBA; ϵ-HNIW@ PDA crystal phase was more stable. Therefore, ϵ-HNIW@ PDA crystal particles were constructed by the in-situ self-polymerization coating technology. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the ϵ-HNIW@ PDA was square with smooth surface. The thermal properties of ϵ-HNIW@ PDA were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), which showed that the coating of PDA effectively increased the transition temperature of ϵ-HNIW crystal. Moreover, the solubility and crystal transformation mechanism and law of ϵ-HNIW/ϵ-HNIW@ PDA in four plasticizers were further studied and compared systematically, ϵ-HNIW@ PDA showed significantly lower solubility compared with ϵ-HNIW. The solubility size was ranking as isodecyl nonanoate (IDP)>dioctyl sebacate (DOS)>dioctyl adipate (DOA)>paraffin liquid (RH). Variable-temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests showed that PDA increased the ϵ-HNIW crystal transformation temperature by about 35 °C. The small amount of dissolution of ϵ-HNIW by the four plasticizers had a facilitative effect on the ϵ-HNIW crystal transformation, which was consistent with the solubility magnitude. These results indicated that PDA-coated ϵ-HNIW enhances crystal interfacial interaction, reduces the solubility in plasticizers, and has a significant inhibitory effect on the dissolution-induced crystal transformation of ϵ-HNIW.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Polymers
·
2017
·Vol. 9
·期 12
·640
·
IF 3.364
Jie Chen,Ke Li,Yigang Wang,Jinrui Huang,Xiaoan Nie,Jianchun Jiang
A novel renewable plasticizer based on castor oil, epoxidized glycidyl ester of ricinoleic acetic ester (EGERAE), was synthesized and applied into Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) for the first time. Its molecular structure was characterized by FT-IR and1H NMR. The effects of replacement of petroleum-based commercial plasticizer dioctyl phthalate (DOP) with EGERAE in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) films were researched. Thermal stability, dynamic mechanical property and mechanical properties of PVC films were investigated with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and tensile tests. The results indicated that this castor oil-based plasticizer was able to improve the thermal stability of PVC blends when partially of completely substituting for DOP. Furthermore, EGERAE endowed PVC resin with enhanced flexibility. In addition, the exudation, volatility and extraction resistance characteristics of plasticizers were researched. The degradation mechanism and possible interaction between EGERAE and PVC molecules in the plasticized system were also investigated.Keywords:poly(vinyl chloride);renewable plasticizer;thermal stability;castor oil
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2019
·Vol. 137
·期 24
·48803
·
IF 2.188
Yang Xu,Ying Xiong,Shaoyun Guo
In this work, poly( ε -caprolactone) (PCL) and liquid plasticizer were combined used to plasticize poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), and the possibility of using PVC/PCL/plasticizer blends to fabricate soft PVC with enhanced migration resistance was investigated. Through partial replacement of liquid plasticizers in soft PVC by equal quantity of PCL, flexibility was maintained while extraction loss of plasticizer by organic solvent was reduced significantly. Furthermore, crystallization of PCL in PVC/PCL/plasticizer blends with low PCL content was observed, and crystallization rate of PCL was found to be influenced by plasticizer contents and structures. For instance, crystallization rate of PCL in PVC/PCL/diisononyl phthalate (DINP) (100/40/100) was 3.7 times faster than in PVC/PCL/DINP (100/40/80), while crystallization rate of PCL in PVC/PCL/dioctyl adipate(DOA)(100/40/100) was 8.3 times faster than in PVC/PCL/diisononyl cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH) (100/40/100). Low-field 1 H NMR test manifested that different crystallization rate of PCL in PVC/PCL/plasticizer blends with different plasticizer structures was triggered by difference in plasticizers' compatibility with PVC, that is, the number of interaction point between PVC and plasticizers. It is concluded that PCL crystallization favored by liquid plasticizers in PVC/PCL/plasticizer blends was induced by interaction competition between PVC/plasticizer and PVC/PCL. As plasticizer content increases or its compatibility with PVC decreases, interaction competition becomes more intense and consequently faster crystallization of PCL occurs. Thus, to obtain soft PVC products with improve migration resistance while avoiding PCL crystallization, the total content of plasticizer (including both liquid plasticizer and PCL) should be lower than 66 phr (40 wt %). © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137 , 48803.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
·
2017
·Vol. 42
·期 4
·2422-2431
·
IF 3.269
Mei Wang,Xianghai Song,Jianchun Jiang,Jianling Xia,Haiyang Ding,Mei Li
Hydroxyl and nitrogen rich group-containing tung-oil-based ester (GEHTMA-1, GEHTMA-2, GEHTMA-3 and GEHTMA-4) plasticizers were successfully synthesized from tung-maleic anhydride and utilized to plasticize poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). In comparison to petroleum-based plasticizers (e.g. DOTP), the mechanical test shows that bio-based GEHTMA-3 displays better mechanical properties, which means that GEHTMA-3 could endow PVC resins with well-balanced properties of flexibility and strength. With the addition of GEHTMA-3 into DOTP, PVC/DOTP/GEHTMA-3 exhibits better mechanical properties, plasticization performance, migration resistance and thermal stability compared with the PVC/DOTP system. Above all, PVC/28DOTP/12GEHTMA-3 shows the highest tensile strength and elongation of 32.19 MPa and 345.20%, respectively. PVC/32DOTP/8GEHTMA-3 displays the best thermal stability. The superior performance is attributed to the molecular interaction of GEHTMA-3 and DOTP with PVC. The interaction originates from the simultaneous introduction of hydroxyl, epoxy, benzene ring, ester and nitrogen rich groups into GEHTMA-3 structures. Besides, GEHTMA-3 presented good miscibility with PVC resins, particularly when a mixture of DOTP and GEHTMA-3 was used. In addition, possible plasticization of the PVC/DOTP/GEHTMA-3 system was presented.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FIBERS AND POLYMERS
·
2020
·Vol. 21
·期 8
·1649-1656
·
IF 1.797
Hou Delong,Wang Songhang,Chang Jinming,Xu Zhou,Zeng Qi,Wang Zhonghui,Yang Yongcheng,Yan Jun,Chen Yi
Plasticizers that enable flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are usually combustible, restricting the application of PVC in fire-prone scenarios. In this context, intrinsically flame-retardant plasticizers displaying dual function continue to be the focus of intensive research. Despite their efficiency, the majority of these dual-functional plasticizers previously reported contain halogen elements, which, once ignited, emanate toxic and potentially carcinogenic substances, along with toxic gases and smoke, polluting the environment, damaging the biota, and threatening human health. Here, we report a strategy to obtain a halogen-free, intrinsically flame-retardant PVC bio-plasticizer that harnesses the phenolic hydroxyl of naturally occurring cardanol and covalent attachment of an organophosphate moiety. When combined with di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DOP), the organophosphate-containing cardanol is qualified as a co-plasticizer, while endowing the PVC materials with flame retardancy. Unlike inorganic flame-retardants, the engineered cardanol is compatible with PVC such that the mechanical properties of the PVC materials are not compromised. The rationale underlying the present effort may provide guidance for developing sustainable alternatives to halogen-containing plasticizers to address the sustainability challenge now confronting PVC industry.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
·
可持续发展
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
·
2021
·Vol. 45
·期 7
·3441-3447
·
IF 3.591
Mei Wang,Xianghai Kong,Xianghai Song,Yunliang Chen,Quan Bu
Developing lauraldehyde-derived Mannich base grafted PVC materials (PVC-ML-g, g = 1, 2, 3, 4, where the lauraldehyde-derived Mannich base is abbreviated as ML) via clean and efficient strategies is an effective way to resolve the increasing diseases in humans and environmental pollution caused by toxic dioctyl phthalate (DOP) traditionally used to plasticize PVC materials. Thus, in this study, the lauraldehyde-derived Mannich base, which contains both phosphate ester groups and highly flexible long carbon chains, was grafted onto PVC chains to efficiently plasticize PVC materials. The PVC-ML-g materials displayed a lower glass transition temperature than pure PVC and were comparable to conventional DOP plasticized PVC. The good plasticization behavior in the PVC-ML-3 materials was due to the simultaneous introduction of more ester groups and mobile, unentangled longer alkyl chains into the structure of PVC, which decreased the molecular interactions between the PVC chains. Moreover, the PVC-ML-g materials showed improved thermal stability and outstanding anti-migration ability because of the covalent bonds between PVC and lauraldehyde-derived Mannich base grafts.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY
·
2023
·Vol. 100
·期 9
·733-741
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IF 2
Zhenyu Wu,Jinjin Cai,Zhonghui Liu,Xiaojiang Liang,Shangzhi Yu,Yong Nie
In many regions, even if waste vegetable oil is used as raw material, the profits of biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester, FAME) enterprises still remain restricted, and they are facing environmental problems caused by the by-product glycerol. Hence, value-added utilization of FAME and glycerol is a promising alternative to improve the competitiveness of biodiesel enterprises in the economy and environmental protection. In this paper, FAME and glycerol were utilized to prepare epoxidized acyl glycerides by transesterification and epoxidation. In the transesterification, acyl glycerides were prepared by reacting FAME and glycerol catalyzed by K 2 CO 3 . The contents of monoacyl glyceride, diacyl glyceride, and triacyl glyceride in the acyl glycerides were about 50%, 40%, and 10%, and the optimal conditions were a temperature of 200°C and the molar ratio of FAME to glycerol of 1:1. In the epoxidation, selectivity of epoxides was significantly affected by monoacyl glyceride content, and a treatment method was developed to control the monoacyl glyceride content <5%. In addition, the plasticity of epoxidized acyl glycerides to partially substitute dioctyl phthalate in polyvinyl chloride was studied, the overall mechanical properties, thermal stability, and extraction resistance were improved. In this work, FAME and glycerol were utilized to prepare epoxidized acyl glycerides with higher value-added, which provide a potential solution for improving the market competitiveness of biodiesel enterprises.
研究领域:
化学工程
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环境科学
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）