JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2015
·Vol. 132
·期 35
·
IF 1.768
Jie Chen,Zengshe Liu,Ke Li,Jinrui Huang,Xiaoan Nie,Yonghong Zhou
A natural plasticizer with multifunctional groups, similar in structure to phthalates, cardanol derivatives glycidyl ether (CGE) was synthesized from cardanol by a two-step modification process and characterized by FT-IR, 1 HNMR, and 13 CNMR. The resulting product was incorporated to PVC (CGE/PVC), and plasticizing effect was compared with PVC incorporated with two kinds of commercial phthalate ester plasticizers bis (2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate (DOTP) and diisononyl phthalate (DINP). Dynamic mechanical analysis and mechanical properties testing of the plasticized PVC samples were performed in order to evaluate their flexibility, compatibility, and plasticizing efficiency. SEM was employed to produce fractured surface morphology. Thermogravimetric analysis and discoloration tests were used to characterize the thermal stabilities. Dynamic stability analysis was used to test the processability of formulations. Compared with DOTP and DINP plasticized samples, CGE/PVC has a maximum decrease of 9.27% in glass transition temperature ( T g ), a maximum increase of 17.6% in the elongation at break, and a maximum increase of 31.59°C and 25.31 min in 50% weight loss (T50) and dynamic stability time, respectively. The obtained CGE also has slightly lower volatility resistance and higher exudation resistance than that of DOTP and DINP. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132 , 42465.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER
·
2024
·
IF 4.1
Tianhao Yang,Jinghan Wu,Yihang Yao,Ke Wang,Qin Zhang,Qiang Fu
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films have significant rigidity due to the large number of hydrogen bonds within and between molecular chains . This feature hinders their industrial applications. Small molecule plasticizers can effectively improve the toughness of PVA films. However, this improvement decreases their modulus and strength . In this study, the effect of individual plasticizer, namely, diethanolamine (DEA), glycerol (GLY), and H 2 O, on the mechanical properties was first studied. It was found that adding an individual plasticizer increase the toughness but decrease the modulus for all the three plasticized PVA films, with DEA decreased least. Then, the property changes caused by of H 2 O and plasticizer content in two synergic plasticizing systems of DEA/H 2 O and GLY/H 2 O were systematically investigated and compared to demonstrate further the different effects of DEA and GLY on the toughness and modulus of the PVA film. Results indicated that the modulus and toughness of PVA casted film with a 10% DEA content improved after the addition of 3% H 2 O for the DEA/H 2 O plasticizing system. Despite a large improvement in toughness, the strength was always largely reduced with the increase in H 2 O or GLY content for the GLY/H 2 O system. The infrared spectrum results showed that H 2 O could be physically combined with both PVA and DEA to construct a cross-linked hydrogen bond network, because of the relatively strong electronegativity of the N atom in DEA. However, forming such a cross-linked hydrogen bond network in the GLY/H 2 O system is difficult. Thus, only a plasticizing effect was observed in the PVA/GLY/H 2 O films. Our work provides a better understanding of the effects of plasticizer and H 2 O on the hydrogen bonding and properties of PVA films to achieve toughness-strength balance via synergic plasticization .
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL PAPERS
·
2021
·Vol. 75
·期 10
·5515-5521
·
IF 2.097
Ma Yufeng,Kou Zhimin,Jia Puyou,Zhou Jing
In this paper, we synthesized two kinds of bio-based plasticizers (itaconic acid-4-propylguaiacol ester (IPE) and oleic acid-4-Propylguaiacol ester (OPE)) contained benzene groups and alkane chain groups with oleic acid, itaconic acid and 4-propylguaiacol. The performance of plasticized PVC films with IPE and OPE was investigated. The results showed that IPE played an important role as plasticizer on the tensile strength of PVC films, OPE played effect on the tensile strain of PVC films. OPE played more efficient plasticizing effect on PVC than IPE, and the tensile strain of PVC films plasticized with OPE reached 190% and was highest in all the samples. Due to the more benzene rings and ester groups in the chemical structure of IPE, which could form more hydrogen bonds and higher intermolecular interaction force between hydrogen of PVC and IPE than OPE, the compatibility of PVC and IPE was better than OPE. The plasticizing mechanism was also explored. This research would provide new ideas to design new plasticizers with the biomass resources.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2017
·Vol. 134
·期 23
·
IF 1.86
Leilei Yao,Qinhui Chen,Wenqin Xu,Zhibin Ye,Zhaodi Shen,Meijin Chen
In recent years, the using of reproducible resource and economical and efficient synthesis method has got wide concern. Herein, an environmental-friendly plasticizer originated from cardanol was synthesized by click chemistry. First, the cardanol sulfide (CS) was obtained by click chemistry reaction between the double bond of the side chain of cardanol and mercaptoethanol. The degree of the click reaction was estimated to reach 84.7% by testing the content of sulfur. Then, the epoxidation of the hydroxyl was performed to get cardanol based epoxy plasticizer (CEP) in the presence of epichlorohydrin. The epoxy value was 0.32. The structure of CS and CEP was confirmed by FT-IR and NMR techniques. A Haake torque rheometer was used to research the action of CEP on polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Results showed that it possessed favorable plasticization effect and stabilization effect on PVC. CEP had good heat stabilization in PVC, and could decrease the T g of PVC significantly. Moreover, CEP could increase the tensile strength of PVC when in a small amount, and could increase the plasticity of PVC when in a larger quantity significantly. The characteristics of volatile, migration and solvent extraction of PVC plasticized by CEP is similar to by dioctyl phthalate (DOP). © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 44890.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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环境化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF VINYL & ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGY
·
2019
·Vol. 26
·期 1
·35-42
·
IF 1.292
Yanke Li,Erlei Yu,Xiangming Yang,Zhong Wei
A series of multiarm structure hyperbranched polyester-b-poly( ε -caprolactone) (HEPCLs) with different lengths of poly( ε -caprolactone) (PCL) segments ( s = 3, 6, 7, 8) were synthesized. Hyperbranched polyester (HE) was synthesized from glycidol and succinic anhydride and used as a macromolecular polymerization initiator for ε -caprolactone. The HEPCLs were used as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plasticizers and the mechanical properties, thermal properties, morphology, and migration stabilities of PVC films were explored. The plasticizing efficiency increased with the increase in PCL segments, and the plasticizing efficiency of HEPCL 8 exceeded that of dioctyl phthalate. Scanning electron microscopy and solid-state 1 H NMR showed that the HEPCLs possess better compatibility with PVC than HE. Moreover, HEPCLs exhibited excellent migration stability even at very harsh condition, indicating that HEPCLs can be used as no-migration PVC plasticizers in medical products, children's toys, and food packaging. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 26:35–42, 2020. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 140
·期 2
·e53288
·
IF 3.057
Huichao Zhu,Jianjun Yang,Mingyuan Wu,Qingyun Wu,Jiuyi Liu,Jianan Zhang
A new bio-based plasticizer, VA8-8, was prepared derived from vanillic acid, and its structure was verified by nuclear magnetic resonance. It was incorporated into poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) to replace dioctyl phthalate (DOP), and its plasticizing performance was evaluated. The results indicated that VA8-8 shows good compatible with PVC resin, and has a excellent plasticizing effect for PVC. When DOP was partially or completely substituted with VA8-8, the T g value PVC blends dropped from 34.6 to 24.3°C and the elongation at break increased from 196.4% to 301.9%, suggesting the enhanced plasticizing efficiency of plasticizer. The plasticizing mechanism was also simulated, and the interactions between VA8-8 and PVC molecules were discussed. The thermogravimetric analysis showed VA8-8 can more effectively improve the thermal stability of PVC than DOP. In addition, the migration resistance of VA8-8 was generally superior to that of DOP. Therefore, VA8-8 is a comparable to or better plasticizer than DOP, and it is a promising alternative plasticizer for PVC.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
·
2020
·Vol. 28
·期 8
·2101-2107
·
IF 2.572
Ma Yufeng,Song Fei,Kong Qinying,Li Qiaoguang,Jia Puyou,Zhou Yonghong
Dioctyl phthalate (DEHP), as the most used commercial plasticizer, has been restricted in many polymer products due to its reproductive toxicity to human body. In this study, castor oil based polyol ester(CPE) was synthesized via a simple and efficient way and used as a sustainable plasticizer in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) films to replace toxic DEHP. The chemical structure of the obtained bio-based plasticizer was characterized. The oral toxicity test indicated that CPE had toxic doses of over 3000 mg/kg. Tg of PVC films decreased from 87.4 to 19.1 °C, which is lower than PVC-DEHP systems. The tensile strength and elongation at break of PVC films plasticized with 50 phr CPE is 12.10 MPa and 450.15% respectively, which shows more flexible than PVC/50 prh DEHP samples.The DMA and tensile tests results indicated that the plasctizing effect of CPE was more excellent than DEHP. DEHP can be completely replaced with CPE in flexible PVC products.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2021
·Vol. 138
·期 47
·51410
·
IF 3.125
Yanying Hao,Guyue Wang,Xiaoxue Shui,Anping Tian,Yong Yang,Jin Zhu
A series of bio-based diester plasticizers with various alkyl chain asymmetry and the same molecular weight were designed and synthesized, using renewable 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (HFCA) as the raw material. The chemical structures of the HFCA-based plasticizers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR). Besides, the influence of alkyl chain asymmetry on plasticization properties of the HFCA-based plasticizers in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) blends was also investigated. It was found that increasing the alkyl chain asymmetry of the diester plasticizer and keeping the molecular weight unchanged simultaneously could further improve its plasticizing efficiency, without sacrificing its volatility resistance and exudation resistance. The results showed that this study provided a new approach for further optimizing the overall properties of the asymmetric diester plasticizers.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
·
2018
·Vol. 53
·期 12
·8909-8920
·
IF 2.993
Chen Jie,Liu Zengshe,Nie Xiaoan,Jiang Jianchun
A castor oil-derived diglycidyl ester plasticizer (C26-DGE) was prepared and incorporated into poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) for the first time. The chemical structure of the product was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR), and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance ( 13 C-NMR). The plasticizing effects of C26-DGE as a primary or secondary plasticizer for the commercial plasticizer dioctyl phthalate (DOP) were studied. The mechanical properties, thermal stability, and migration stabilities of PVC films were investigated using dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), TGA-FTIR analysis, and PVC film surface analysis. Tensile, volatility, and extraction tests were also done. The castor oil-based plasticizer was found to endow the PVC matrix with enhanced compatibility and flexibility. With partially or completely substituted DOP, C26-DGE significantly increased the thermal stability of PVC blends. Furthermore, the volatility and extraction resistance of the novel plasticizers were generally superior to those of DOP. The interaction between the C26-DGE and PVC molecules and the thermal degradation process of PVC blends were also investigated.
研究领域:
高分子化学
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材料科学
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绿色化学
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塑料加工
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环境功能材料
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2024
·Vol. 142
·期 2
·e56338
·
IF 2.7
Zeyu You,Xiaoan Nie,Min Yu,Renli Fu,Jie Chen
A novel epoxy plasticizer (HCEP) with a hyperbranched polyglycerol structure was synthesized using reduced glycerol and cashew phenol as raw materials. Then it was grafted onto poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) through click reaction to form self-plasticized PVC. The structure of the product was characterized with various methods. The effects of the degree of internal plasticizer substitution on the properties of PVC were tested through dynamic mechanical, mechanical property, and thermogravimetric analyses. The amorphous dendritic structure of HCEP effectively enhances the free volume of grafted PVC, leading to a reduction in the glass transition temperature and a significant enhancement in flexibility at room temperature. The maximum elongation at break is 289.89%. The grafting of plasticizers onto PVC avoids the leaching of plasticizers during usage, providing a viable solution for reducing reliance on phthalate-based plasticizers.
研究领域:
高分子化学
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材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2024
·
IF 7.7
Shiyan Sun,Yunxuan Weng,Yu Han,Caili Zhang
Polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable polymer with low flexibility, is commonly plasticized with small molecules like tributyl citrate (TBC) for film production. However, these plasticizers, which lack chemical bonds or strong intermolecular interactions with the matrix, tend to migrate to the film surface over time. Their inclusion often compromises material strength for flexibility, increasing elongation at break but reducing tensile strength. In this research, by combining citric acid with n-butanol (B) and poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (E), we synthesized three plasticizers, namely TE 3 , TE 2 B 1 , and TE 1 B 2 , to enhance the flexibility of PLA. TE 2 B 1 and TE 1 B 2 are equipped with butyl ester groups that offer effective plasticizing effects. Additionally, the incorporation of long-chain alkyl featuring epoxy groups can boost the interaction with PLA. The results showed that the epoxy groups of the long-chain alkyl plasticizers can improve the elongation at break without compromising tensile strength significantly. The migration of plasticizer from PLA matrix can be reduced by strong interactions like chemical bonds, entanglements, and hydrogen bonding with PLA. TE 1 B 2 demonstrated the best plasticizing effect. Adding 15 portions of TE1B2 and TBC separately increased PLA's elongation at break to 304 % and 242 %, with tensile strengths of 36.1 MPa and 22.3 MPa, respectively.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
·
2019
·
IF 6.395
Yufeng Ma,Fei Song,Yun Hu,Qinying Kong,Chengguo Liu,Md Anisur Rahman,Yonghong Zhou,Puyou Jia
Almost 80% of plasticizers used in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) materials are toxic o-phenyl plasticizers. In order to replace o-phenyl plasticizers in PVC materials, a series of highly branched and nontoxic plasticizers (CHE-4,CHE-8 and CHE-12) based on natural cashew shell oil (CNSL), an agricultural and forestry residue, were synthesized via facile one-pot solvent-free synthesis. The chemical structure, relative molecular mass and thermal stability of the obtained highly branched and nontoxic plasticizers were characterized. The toxicity of CHE-12 was investigated in the low (1000 mg/kg), middle (2000 mg/kg and 3000 mg/kg) and high dose (5000 mg/kg), the results suggested that CHE-12 has toxic doses of 5000 mg/kg and is a non-toxic plasticizer. PVC materials plasticized with CHE-12 showed more excellent thermal stability, plasticizing property and migration stability than dioctyl phthalate (DOP). Microstructure of PVC materials was investigated and the results showed that compatibility of PVC with CHE-12 is better than DOP. The microscopic plasticizing mechanism was also investigated. CHEs were proved to be promising candidates for the chemical conversion of CNSL derivatives into environmentally friendly and non-toxic plasticizers.
研究领域:
化学工程
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环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）