Self-enhanced degradation of tetramethylphosphonate by the micron-scale iron-copper (Fe/Cu) bimetals activated peracetic acid
As commonly observed water pollutants, organophosphates (OPs) can induce eutrophication of water bodies and pose serious risks to the environment and human health. In this study, we investigated the degradation of tetramethylphosphonate (THPS), an OP, using micron-scale iron-copper (Fe/Cu) bimetals activated peracetic acid (PAA) system. Interestingly, the iron groups (i.e., Fe, Fe/Cu and Fe-PAA system) exhibited a biphasic response: an initial rapid response within the first 10 min followed by a slower degradation lasting from 10 to 60 min. However, the copper groups (i.e., Cu, Cu-PAA and Fe/Cu-PAA) exhibited an initial response within the first 10 min coupled with a subsequent plateau with no significant alterations thereafter. In terms of reactive oxidized species (ROS) verification, only hydroxyl radical ( • OH) was detected in the Fe and Fe-PAA systems; only singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) was detected in the Cu system; organic radicals (R-O • ) and 1 O 2 were detected in the Cu-PAA and Fe/Cu-PAA systems respectively; while • OH, R-O • and 1 O 2 were all detected in the Fe/Cu-PAA system. The presence of Cu promoted the release of electrons from iron and strengthened the single-electron transfer mode. Notably, after five consecutive runs, the removal efficiency of THPS remained above 80 %, and the k obs during the first ten minutes (11.28, 10.11, 9.12, 8.29, and 8.45 min −1 ) remained high and stable throughout the cycles. XPS spectra analysis demonstrated that for 5 cycles, the surface content of Fe 0 /Fe 2+ and Cu 0 /Cu + in the utilized materials surpassed that of the pristine Fe/Cu bimetals, indicating the self-renewal of Fe/Cu bimetals. These findings highlight the potential of Fe/Cu bimetals in effectively degrading THPS and reducing its environmental impact.
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