RHEOLOGICA ACTA
·
2024
·
IF 2.3
Sun Li,Wang Geng,Zhang Chunwei,Liang Tianqi
We have found that the unique particle properties of fly ash can be applied to the modification of shear thickening fluid. In this paper, rheological properties and microscopic thickening mechanism of fly ash/silicon-based shear thickening fluid (subsequently abbreviated as FA/SiO 2 -STF) are studied. Ultrasonic technology and mechanical stirring method were used to prepare FA/SiO 2 -STF with different mass fractions of fly ash, and then rheometer was used to carry out steady-state rheological testing for FA/SiO 2 -STF, and 4%FA/SiO 2 -STF dynamic rheological test and temperature sensitivity testing, respectively. The thickening mechanism of FA/SiO 2 -STF was analyzed by scanning electron microscope. The rheological test results show that the FA/SiO 2 -STF with 4% fly ash content exhibits remarkable shear thickening effect. Finally, the relationship between the viscosity and shear rate of FA/SiO 2 -STF is numerically described by a mathematical model, which can accurately reflect the viscosity thickening effect.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
·
2025
·
IF 8
Zihang Cheng,Kedu Wang,Dongling Qiao,Bowen Li,Siming Zhao,Binjia Zhang
The global aging of the population is accelerating, and dysphagia poses a threat to the health of the elderly. Thickened fluid foods prepared from polysaccharides and proteins could address dehydration and protein deficiency in the elderly dysphagia population. In this work, the structural characteristics, rheological properties, and swallowing characteristics of complexes formed by whey protein isolate (WPI) and polysaccharides (xanthan gum (XG), λ-carrageenan (λC), and konjac glucomannan (KGM)) at different pH values were investigated. As the pH decreased, there was a decrease in the charge of WPI, which weakened the electrostatic interactions resulting in the higher turbidity and particle size of complexes. At near pH 4, the XW complex had a moderate level of yield stress, zero-shear viscosity, and adsorption height, which resulted in moderate oral transit time, stretch length, and residual rate during swallowing, making it more potential as dysphagia foods. However, at pH near 4, λW and KW complexes had lower viscosity, adsorption height, and IDDSI levels, making them less suitable for dysphagia foods. The above results suggest that in WPI-enriched thickened fluids, the pH value could be appropriately adjusted to change the rheological properties and swallowing characteristics of the thickened fluids, thereby producing products adapted to elderly people with dysphagia.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
老年医学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2019
·Vol. 137
·期 24
·48809
·
IF 2.188
Rubin Wei,Bin Dong,Fenglong Wang,Jingjing Yang,Yanyan Jiang,Wen Zhai,Hui Li
Shear-thickening fluid (STF) refers to a system where nonaggregating solid particles are suspended in a specific fluid. Due to its unique viscosity variation, STFs have attracted a lot of attention as soft body armor materials for impact protection. In this work, two kinds of STFs were designed using polyethylene glycol (PEG) and spherical or irregularly shaped silica particles. Rheological results showed that shear thickening can even occur at lower shear rates in the irregularly shaped silica-based STF; however, the thickening range of the spherical silica-based STF was broader. Meanwhile, the composites prepared with STFs and aramid fabrics exhibited better antistab properties than neat fabrics. Compared to composite prepared with irregularly shaped silica-based STF, spherical silica-based STF/aramid composite had better stabbing resistance. In addition to the binding effect of silica particles to the fiber bundle, it was considered that when the fabric composite was subjected to impact, spherical particles were easier to slide so that the STF was more likely to be thickened to achieve a greater viscosity, resulting in the better stabbing resistance performance. Our studies will provide guidance for the design of the high-performance soft body armor equipment. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137 , 48809.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
防护材料工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES
·
2025
·
IF 6.6
Xu Yaojie,Ma Yu,Zhang Hong,Huang Guangyan
Aramid fabrics (such as Twaron fabric) are widely used in flexible protective equipment due to their high strength and flexibility. Recent studies have shown that growing zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on fiber surface can enhance the ballistic performance of single-layer fabrics. However, the enhancement effect on multi-layer fabrics is not ideal. This work proposes a new method of modifying aramid fabrics with Boron Carbide/STF/ZnO (BSZ). The mechanical and friction properties of BSZ modified fabrics increased first and then decreased with the increase of shear thickening fluid (STF) solid content. The thickness of BSZ fabric only increased by 6.7% compared with neat fabric. Compared with neat fabric and ZnO modified fabric, the ballistic limit velocity ( v bl ) of single-layer BSZ fabric increased by 103.3% and 29.2%, respectively, and the areal density only increased by 7.1%. The v bl of three-layer BSZ fabric increased by 77.8% and 36.4% compared with neat and ZnO modified fabric, respectively. The enhanced protection of BSZ fabric can be attributed to friction gain, mechanical interlocking, stacking effect, and stress dispersion effect of nanoparticles. The discrepancy between numerical and experimental results was within 10%. The failure characteristics of the fabric in numerical simulation was highly consistent with the results in experiment, further indicating that BSZ modification improved the ballistic performance of the fabric by enhancing the inter-yarn friction, tensile properties, and particle diversity of the fabric.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
防护装备工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MOLECULES
·
2022
·Vol. 27
·期 20
·6799
·
IF 4.927
Rubin Wei,Bin Dong,Wen Zhai,Hui Li
Stab-resistant body armor can effectively prevent sharp instruments from attacking the protected parts and reduce the threat to human bodies. Shear thickening fluid (STF) is a kind of smart material with variable viscosity and its viscosity can change significantly with external stimuli. The soft and adaptive characteristics of STF provide a new idea for improving the performance of stab-proof materials. In this work, three kinds of soft anti-stabbing materials were designed and prepared with aramid, poly–p–phenylene benzodioxazole (PBO), and carbon fiber fabrics impregnated with STF. Quasi-static puncture tests and dynamic impact tests were conducted to compare the performance of different anti-stabbing structures. The results showed that the peak piercing force of the STF-treated fabrics in the puncture testing was greatly increased than that of neat samples. Against the D2 knife, the maximum impact load of STF/PBO fiber fabric was increased from 55.8 N to 72.9 N, increasing by 30.6%. Against the D3 spike, the maximum impact load of STF/aramid fabric was increased from 128.9 N to 254.7 N, increasing by 197.6%. The mechanical properties of fibers were important factors for the resistance to knives, and the fabric structure was the key point to bear the spike. Optical photographs of fabric fractures and scanning electron microscope analysis indicated that the STF effectively limited the slip of the fiber bundle when the tool penetrated the fabric, which played a positive role in maintaining the tightness and integrity of the fabric structure.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
力学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Applied Materials Today
·
2024
·
IF 7.2
Yuhang Xu,Senlin Rao,Yi Wendi,Yi Junchao,Feng Liu,Gary J. Cheng
The incorporation of shear thickening fluid (STF) into aramid fabric has emerged as a compelling strategy to augment the protective attributes of aramid-based soft body armor. The peak viscosity of STF assumes a pivotal role in shaping the efficacy of this enhancement. In this study, we present an innovation in the design and synthesis of an ultrahigh peak viscosity STF using metal-organic framework (MOF)/SiO 2 nanoparticles as the core constituents. The remarkable enhancement in peak viscosity of MOFs/SiO 2 -based STF, taking ZIF-8 as an exemplary MOFs material, is attributed to the pronounced interparticle contact friction facilitated by the rugged surface morphology of the ZIF-8/SiO 2 nanoparticles. Therefore, ZIF-8/SiO 2 -based STF (62.5 wt.%) demonstrates a peak viscosity approximately 3938 times greater than that of conventional SiO 2 -based STF (62.5 wt.%). This extraordinary STF formulation has been successfully employed in aramid fabric-based soft body armor, resulting in a significantly advancement in protective performance. Compared to Kevlar fabric impregnated with SiO 2 -based STF (62.5 wt.%), the utilization of ZIF-8/SiO 2 -based STF (62.5 wt.%) results in substantial and scientifically significant improvements in key mechanical parameters. These include a notable 15.4 % increase in maximum stabbing force, a remarkable 29.5 % augmentation in maximum yarn pull-out force, a 24.3 % boost in maximum yarn tensile strength, and a 204.5 % enhancement in maximum fabric tensile strength. This research underscores the profound impact of synergizing ZIF-8 and SiO 2 within the STF matrix, and significantly improves the protective abilities of SiO 2 -based STF-impregnated Kevlar fabrics, which provides a new route to design STF-impregnated ballistic fabric with high protective performance.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
防护工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
·
2023
·
IF 8.7
Bing Liu,Quan Liu,Yucheng Pan,Jianyu Zhou,Junshuo Zhang,Shuai Liu,Ziyang Fan,Huaxia Deng,Yuan Hu,Xinglong Gong
An intelligent material with shear thickening, flame-retardant and sensing properties was prepared by introducing mesoporous silica and carbon nanotubes to ionic liquids. By impregnating the conductive shear thickening fluid (STF) on Kevlar fabric and drying in an oven, CNTs/STF/Kevlar composite was obtained. Due to the rate-sensitive performance of STF, the yarn pull-out force of CNTs/STF/Kevlar increased 3–4 times compared with that of neat Kevlar, once the impregnation weight gain is 55 wt%. Furthermore, the CNTs/STF/Kevlar composite can maintain intact at 110 m/s incident velocity of bullet, whereas neat Kevlar fabric was penetrated at the same velocity, and exhibited the flame resistance as well due to the thermal insulation property of mesoporous silica and flame-retardant performance of ionic liquids. Then, CNTs/STF/Kevlar composite also performed obvious sensing characteristic due to the introducing of carbon nanotubes, and showed the application potential in the field of safe wearable equipment.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
安全工程
·
纺织科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2023
·Vol. 13
·期 11
·7385-7391
·
IF 3.9
Wenyan Chen,Shuen Liang,Yan Peng,Yixia Wang,Tao Liu
In this study, we report on a novel and effective approach for the encapsulation of the shear thickening fluid in polyurethane polyurea double layer microcapsules. Under the action of dibutyltin disilicate as a catalyst, CD-MDI reacted with polyethylene glycol to form polyurethane inner shell and reacted with diethylenetriamine to form a polyurea outer shell. The results show that the shear thickening liquid was emulsified using liquid paraffin as a solvent and Span80 as a surfactant to form a lotion similar to water-in-oil. The shear thickened droplets can be stably and uniformly dispersed to a diameter of 100 μm at a rotation speed of 800 rpm min−1. The bilayer shell material achieves a good coating effect on STF, which provides support for strength and stress conduction and improves the compatibility between STF and polyurea matrix. The toughness and impact resistance of the composites were analyzed by a universal testing machine and drop hammer impact tester. Finally, compared with the pure polyurea material, the elongation at break of 2% added amount is increased by 22.70%, and the impact resistance of 1% added amount is the best, which is 76.81 N more than that of the pure specimen.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER COMPOSITES
·
2024
·Vol. 45
·期 12
·11062-11075
·
IF 4.8
Ramzi Makaoui,Oussama Mehelli,Djelel Eddine Tria,Larbi Hemmouche,Abdelmalek Habes,Mehdi Derradji
In this research, an investigation was conducted to ascertain the impact of boron carbide (B 4 C) microparticles on soft and hard armor configurations, utilizing two distinct high-performance fabrics namely, Kevlar and Ultra-high Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE), also this work discerned the optimal fabric for protection against dagger attacks and 9 mm full metal jacket (FMJ) projectiles. Initially, rheological tests on four shear thickening fluid (STF) samples revealed that 70% of nano-silicate (SiO 2 ) content was the optimal ratio. Besides, scanning electronic microscope (SEM) tests showed that B 4 C affected the nano-silicate dispersion. Hence, the use of STF as a matrix, led to complete protection in low-velocity stab test and behavior improvement when subjected to NIJ ballistic test for both fabric types. On the other hand, the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of the thermosetting epoxy resin-based composites reinforced by B 4 C indicated that the 10% ratio offered maximum rigidity, resulting in improved ballistic performance. This study revealed that Kevlar fabrics exhibit superior behavior in soft protection, while UHMWPE hard composite display further rigidity against high-velocity impacts. Overall, this work contributes novel insights into the efficiency of B 4 C integration within soft and hard armor configurations using two ballistic fabrics, highlighting their performance characteristics in ballistic shielding. Highlights Investigation of B 4 C microparticles: The research examines the impact of B 4 C microparticles on soft and hard armor configurations. High-performance fabrics: Kevlar and UHMWPE uses. The use of STF as a matrix for soft and thermosetting epoxy resin for hard armor: enhanced composite performance. Low-velocity and high-velocity impact tests investigations; microparticles B 4 C incorporation: superior mechanical characteristics. Remarkable energy absorption: promising shielding uses.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
防护工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Materials Research and Technology-JMR&T
·
2022
·
IF 6.267
Qiushi Wang,Shan Wang,Caiting He,Jie Dong,Xingyu Fan,Runjun Sun
STFs impregnation is an effective method to prepare impact resistance fabrics without sacrificing their flexibility, and the structural features are essential factors affecting the puncture resistance behaviors of these fabrics. Since few studies focus on the quasi-static puncture resistance of 3D woven fabrics and their STFs-based composites, we developed a strategy to evaluate the anti-puncture efficiencies and established models to predict the puncture resistance characteristics of materials. The results show a significant linear relationship between the puncture resistance and layer numbers, and the maximum puncture force and energy dissipation could reach 1284.58 N and 7.22 J for the five-layer angle-interlock fabric after STFs impregnation. Given the inter-yarn slippage restriction by STFs, the maximum puncture force of the fabric with an FVF of 49.47% increases 132.84% after STFs treatment, but the anti-puncture efficiencies of fabrics, whose FVF is higher than 53.4%, drop more than 10% after impregnation. The layer-to-layer interweaving improves fabric's anti-puncture efficiency, but the overlarge binding warp inclination is detrimental to the mechanical usage of yarns and the maintenance of the compact structure.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
纺织工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2022
·
IF 16.744
Yucheng Pan,Min Sang,Junshuo Zhang,Yuxi Sun,Shuai Liu,Yuan Hu,Xinglong Gong
The impact and thermal damage in extreme environments generally exist together. In this context, the design of safety protection materials ought to consider not only the single impact protection performance, but also thermal stability and flame resistance. In order to simultaneously achieve the impact resistance, thermal stability and flame resistance properties, a flexible and lightweight shear-hardened composite material (STF/Kevlar) was prepared by impregnating and drying shear thickening fluid (STF) on Kevlar fabric. Due to the favorable shear thickening performance of shear thickening fluid, STF/Kevlar composite material can increase the maximum yarn pull-out force of the fabric yarn from 3.3 N to 16.3 N with the impregnation weight gain of 55 wt%. Moreover, in bullet impact experiment, a single layer of STF/Kevlar fabric can nearly double the time it takes a bullet to penetrate pure Kevlar fabric. Additionally, STF/Kevlar composite material exhibits significant flame resistance as well. The limit oxygen index can reach 32 %, and after 30 min high temperature treatment at 400 °C, the composite still maintains good mechanical property and flexibility. This multi-functional composite material along with the performance of resisting both mechanical shock and thermal damage in extreme environments is expected to broadly apply in the field of lightweight protection.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
安全工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2018
·Vol. 8
·期 10
·5268-5279
·
IF 2.936
Fei-Fei Wang,Yan Zhang,Hao Zhang,Lan Xu,Ping Wang,Chong-bin Guo
Fabrics are widely applied in various fields, such as body armor, aerospace industry and military equipment. This paper reports the semi-blunt puncture behavior of fabrics impregnated with a shear thickening fluid (STF), which is a dispersion system of nano silica/polyethylene glycol (SiO2/PEG). The rheological properties and microstructure of the STF were tested to evaluate the influence of SiO2 particle size and additives (graphene nanoplatelets) on the puncture behavior of the final fabrics. The surface characteristics of neat and STF-treated fabrics were separately measured by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), which helps study the damage morphology and mechanism of the fabric. The surface characteristics of the silica nanoparticles and additives were also measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results demonstrated that the puncture behavior of the woven fabric was significantly enhanced due to the presence of STF. Moreover, the presence of additive GNPs induced a relatively lower shear thickening phenomenon, while a significant enhancement in the semi-blunt puncture behavior of the woven fabric was observed.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
纺织工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）