JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2017
·Vol. 134
·期 26
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IF 1.86
Fangqiao Zhao,Xiaoma Fei,Wei Wei,Weitao Ye,Jing Luo,Yaxin Chen,Ye Zhu,Xiaoya Liu
Toughening of epoxy resin by block copolymers containing an epoxy-philic block and an epoxy-phobic block is usually costly because of their complex preparation procedure. In this work, a novel, random epoxy-amphiphilic copolymer (PHGEL), which combines an “epoxy-philic” component and an “epoxy-phobic” component, has been synthesized and evaluated as a potential toughening agent for a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A–based epoxy thermoset (EP). The curing behavior of the EP/PHGEL system has been investigated, and the results show that the hydroxyl group on the PHGEL chain can slightly activate the curing reaction. The mechanical testing shows that the toughness of the epoxy resin is improved by 294% when 4 wt % of PHGEL is added. Simultaneously, the tensile strength, elongation at break, and glass-transition temperature are also improved. In addition, the thermogravimetric analysis shows that PHGEL has no obvious effect on the thermal stability of the epoxy thermosets. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 44863.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2024
·Vol. 141
·期 31
·e55717
·
IF 2.7
Xiongfei Zhang,Pengyun Li,Dan Huang,Xiang Shi,Yana Shi,Chunxiao Qu,Qianya Tan
Although significant efforts have been undertaken to explore the toughening of epoxy resins, it remains challenges to establish a simple and effective toughening technique which does not compromise its strength, thermal stability and processing performance. In this paper, toluene-diisocyanate-trimer (TDI-T) was utilized to manufacture a novel epoxy-terminated dendritic modifier TDI-T glycol diglycidyl ether (TDI-T GLDE). When the addition of TDI-T GLDE reaches 20% of the resin mass, the tensile strength, tensile elongation, compressive strength and impact strength were increased by 28.1%, 75%, 24.8%, and 138.0% respectively, compared to E-51. The thermal properties of the samples have been improved, including an increased glass transition temperature (Tg) from 68.2 to 73.2°C, as well as an increase in the initial decomposition temperature from 240.6 to 257.7°C. The toughening mechanism of TDI-T GLDE was studied through a combination of mechanical performance tests, thermal performance tests, and resin fracture surface morphology analysis.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Reaction Chemistry & Engineering
·
2025
·
IF 3.1
Jiawei Liu,Tongjia Zhang,Shoutian Qiu,Lixin Song,Guangyuan Zhou,Honghua Wang
The introduction of reactive groups capable of participating in epoxy cross-linking into the molecular chains of conventional thermoplastic toughening agents effectively enhances the interfacial compatibility between thermoplastic and thermosetting resins, resulting in a significant improvement in system impact toughness. Building on this approach, this study innovatively incorporates polar nitrile groups into the molecular chains of thermoplastic polyaryletherketone agents containing terminal reactive groups, thereby exploring the synergistic mechanism between reactive and nitrile groups. A systematic investigation is conducted to examine how variations in the nitrile group content and the addition level of the toughening agent influence the toughening effect of epoxy resin. Additionally, the influence of different epoxy system phase structures on mechanical properties is assessed. Experimental results reveal that when the toughening agent PEKCN-OH is added at less than 10 parts per hundred resin (phr), the epoxy system exhibits a sea-island morphology, with the impact strength decreasing with increasing nitrile group content. When no nitrile groups are present (using PEKC-OH resin), the impact strength reaches 23.5 kJ m−2, representing a 97% increase compared to the control without the toughening agent. For addition levels exceeding 10 phr, the system transitions to a bicontinuous structure. In this regime, the impact strength initially increases before decreasing as the nitrile group content increases. At a nitrile group content of 50% (using PEKCN-OH-2 resin), the impact strength reaches 25.8 kJ m−2, representing a 117% increase. Importantly, the addition of these toughening agents not only prevents a reduction in the service temperature of the epoxy resin but also enhances its thermal stability. In conclusion, the PEKCN-OH developed in this study serves as a highly efficient, easily prepared reactive thermoplastic toughening agent suitable for industrial production. It holds great promise for use in demanding industrial applications, including aerospace, electronics and electrical appliances, and automotive manufacturing. The findings are expected to make significant contributions to material innovation and product performance optimization in these sectors.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 3.2
Yini Cui,Jiyong Zhao,Minjie Qu,Zhipeng Wang
The toughened polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) was prepared using copolymer poly(aryl ether sulfone ketone) as the toughening agent, which was synthesized through copolycondensation of 2-phenyl-3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)phthalimide, 1,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)butane-1,4-diketone (BFB), and bis(4-fluorophenyl)sulfone (DFS) as monomers. The properties of the copolymers were regulated by controlling the ratio of BFB and DFS. The glass transition temperature ( T g ) exceeds 210°C, and the thermal decomposition temperature ( T d 5% ) surpasses 430°C, demonstrating the copolymer's excellent thermal stability. When the mole ratio of sulfone to ketone was 8:2, the impact strength exhibited an increase of approximately 178% compared to that of neat PPS. The influences of the toughening agent and blending method on the thermal properties, rheological properties, and mechanical properties of the blends were examined. Highlights Copolymer was synthesized as a toughening agent for polyphenylene sulfide (PPS). Copolymer demonstrates good thermal stability properties. Adding copolymer and EGMA significantly improved the toughness of PPS.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2017
·Vol. 134
·期 18
·
IF 1.86
Binshuang Wu,Xiaoqing Zeng,Linbo Wu,Bo-Geng Li
In order to obtain high performance bioplastics and thermoplastic elastomers, P(LLA-mb-BSA) multi-block copolymers containing 30 wt % and 70 wt % soft segment (PLBSA30 and PLBSA70 for short) were synthesized via chain extension and coupling of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(butylene succinate -co- adipate) (PBSA) prepolymers in the presence of 1% nucleating agent (NA). They were characterized with proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy (POM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and tensile and impact test. The relatively high molecular weights of ( M n 8200 g/mol and 3100 g/mol for PLLA and PBSA, respectively) the polyester sequences are helpful to improve the PLLA crystallization and the flexibility of the PBSA soft segment. Nucleation effect further accelerates the crystallization of PLLA segment. The synergistic effect of these factors results in good balance between stiffness and toughness. PLBSA30s containing 1% zinc citrate (ZnCC) or talc behave as ultra-tough bioplastics with ultrahigh impact strength over 50 kJ/m 2 and excellent tensile properties. PLBSA70 containing 1% ZnCC possesses elongation at break of 600% and retains high modulus (56 MPa) and strength (16 MPa) and therefore behaves as an excellent thermoplastic elastomer. The excellent and balanced properties would extend the end applications of these PLLA-based materials. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 44777.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Coatings Technology and Research
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2024
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IF 2.3
Ling Chen,Zhou Rudong,Xiang Yanli,Fang Jianbo,Meng Xu,Ren Qiang,Wang Chenyi
Solvent-free epoxy-based intumescent fire-retardant coatings are of significant importance in harsh environments, such as petrochemical facilities, due to their excellent overall protection performance. However, the challenge of low-temperature brittleness and limited intumescence resulting from a highly crosslinked structure still persists. In this study, epoxy-terminated polyester oligomers with an asymmetric structure and low viscosity were synthesized using azelaic acid (AA) and dodecanedioic acid (DA) as dibasic acids with odd and even carbon numbers to address this challenge. The chemical structures of these polyester were thoroughly characterized. Among them, the polyester prepared with a molar ratio of 1:3 for AA and DA (ADE) was optimized as a suitable toughener for solvent-free intumescent fire-retardant coatings based on E-51 epoxy resin. The influence of ADE dosage on thermal stability, fire resistance performance, flexibility, and freeze cracking resistance was investigated in detail. The findings demonstrated that incorporating 50% ADE in ADE/E-51 blends resulted in coating film with an appropriate glass transition temperature and thermal deformation property to match the intumescence behavior of intumescent flame-retardant system. The coating formulated in this way exhibited the best fire protective performance, toughness and freeze cracking resistance.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2024
·
IF 7.7
Xiaojun Ma,Hongji Wang,Hanyu Yao,Haohao Chang,Yuxuan Wei,Ziqing Wang,Yin Lv,Zhong Wei
There is a great need for versatile biomass additives sourced from renewable materials to enhance the performance of polylactic acid (PLA) composites. This study introduces a furan-based polyester elastomer called PNF-PBC that is designed to improve the mechanical and water vapor barrier characteristics of PLA. By incorporating PNF-PBC into PLA, the toughness of the PLA/PNF-PBC biocomposites was considerably enhanced through various intermolecular interactions. A 15 wt% PNF-PBC blend with PLA exhibited a 13.6-fold increase in elongation at break, while having a negligible impact on tensile strength. Furthermore, the water vapor barrier performance of PLA/PNF-PBC biocomposites was greatly boosted by a factor of 10 compared to pure PLA, making them highly suitable for food packaging materials. With its versatile properties, we anticipate that this bio-based PLA/PNF-PBC material will significantly expand the range of applications for PLA composites.
研究领域:
材料科学
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可再生资源工程
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
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2019
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IF 3.074
Juan Chen,Xi Ren,Chunwang Yi,Shengpei Su,Xi Wang
A novel soft segment adipic acid-polyoxypropylene diamine copolymer with Mw = ~2000 (AA-PPA 2000) was well obtained through chain extending of bio-based polyoxypropylene diamine D400 using adipic acid (AA). This copolymer was then used to modify the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy/diethyl toluene diamine (DDM) curing system while polyoxypropylene diamine (D2000) was taken as the reference. The variable temperature FTIR (V-FTIR) spectral was used to determine the hydrogen bonds in cured epoxy resins . The crosslinking density of epoxy composites was further checked using the low field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Interestingly, SEM images of the fracture surfaces showed that there were many small holes on the fracture surface of D2000 cured composites while rough cracks were observed instead of tiny holes on the fracture surface of AA-PPA2000 modified composites indicating AA-PPA2000 had good compatibility in epoxy composites. All the findings revealed that AA-PPA 2000 was a preferable tougher compared to D2000. Higher crosslinking density was generated in AA-PPA2000 cured epoxy resin due to the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds and more complicated networks in the epoxy composites, leading to the synchronous enhancement of strength and fracture toughness .
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 3.2
Jiawei Liu,Tongjia Zhang,Lixin Song,Guangyuan Zhou,Honghua Wang
Incorporating reactive groups that can participate in epoxy cross-linking into traditional thermoplastic toughening agents enhances the interfacial compatibility between thermoplastic and thermosetting resins, thereby improving the impact toughness of the system. In this study, hydroxyl end groups were integrated into phenolphthalein polyether ketone (PEKC) molecular chains to engage in the cross-linking reaction during epoxy curing, significantly enhancing the toughening effect on the epoxy system. The results indicate that hydroxyl-terminated phenolphthalein polyether ketone (PEKC-OH) of various molecular weights can enhance the impact strength of the epoxy system (E51/MTHPA). Among these, the PEKC-OH-2 resin exhibited the optimal toughening effect at an addition level of 10 phr, increasing the impact strength from 11.85 to 23.46 kJ/m 2 , representing a 98% improvement, without compromising the operating temperature and mechanical properties of the epoxy system. Additionally, kilogram-scale toughening agent resins were produced through scale-up experiments of PEKC-OH-2 in a 50-L polymerization reactor, validating its applicability for industrial epoxy toughening. In summary, the PEKC-OH synthesized in this study serves as an efficient reactive thermoplastic toughening agent, offering ease of preparation, industrial producibility, and considerable application potential. Highlights Novel hydroxyl-terminated phenolphthalein polyether ketone (PEKC-OH). Reactive hydroxyl end groups improved compatibility with epoxy resin. PEKC-OH formed an interpenetrating network with epoxy, boosting impact toughness. Scaled-up of PEKC-OH-2 in a 50-L reactor for industrial production. PEKC-OH is feasible to prepare and has great application prospect.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2024
·Vol. 141
·期 23
·e55480
·
IF 2.7
Chuan Yan,HongHua Wang,LiXin Song,GuangYuan Zhou
Aiming at the problem of phase separation between thermoplastic toughener and epoxy after curing, which leads to the reduction of mechanical properties, in this paper we improve the compatibility of the two phases by introducing reactive groups into the molecular chain of thermoplastic resins, thus improving the impact strength of the epoxy system. Phenolphthalein polyether sulfone (C-PESC) with designable and controllable carboxyl group content was prepared via SN 2 nucleophilic substitution copolymerization. Further C-PESC was evaluated for epoxy toughening, and the effects of carboxyl group content of C-PESC on mechanical properties and thermal stability of the resin system were investigated. The results show that C-PESC resin has good compatibility with E51 epoxy resin. Carboxyl group accelerates the dissolution rate of thermoplastic resins in epoxy and also participates in the curing reaction with epoxy to enhance the interfacial bonding ability between the toughening component and the matrix resin. The reactive toughener C-PESC can not only improve the impact properties of E51 epoxy, but also maintain the high T g and thermal properties of the resin system. Among them, the addition of 5 PHR of C-PESC3 increased the impact strength of the modified resin by 45%, with uniform fracture surface and tough fracture shape.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2017
·
IF 5.951
Xin Wang,Shun Zhou,Wen-Wen Guo,Pei-Long Wang,Weiyi Xing,Lei Song,Yuan Hu
A biobased flame retardant toughening agent, phosphaphenanthrene groups-containing triscardanyl phosphate (PTCP), was successfully synthesized via debydrochlorination, epoxidation and ring opening reaction from renewable resource cardanol. The chemical structure of PTCP was confirmed by the proton and phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance. Epoxy resins (EPs) with different contents of PTCP were prepared through a simple mixing method. Thermogravimetric analysis results indicated that the earlier degradation of PTCP catalyzed the char formation of epoxy resins that was beneficial to protecting underlying polymers from further decomposition. The flame retardant properties were enhanced with the increase of the PTCP content. The EP composite containing 30 wt % PTCP showed a limiting oxygen index of 30.5%. Meanwhile, its peak heat release rate, total heat release and average effective heat of combustion values were decreased by 50%, 27% and 32%, respectively, in comparison to those of neat EP. The enhanced flame retardant behavior was attributed to the improved quality of char residue, which effectively inhibited the flammable volatiles, oxygen and heat transfer between degradation zone and flame zone. The impact strength was increased to 19.14 kJ/m2 for EP/PTCP-30% composite from 14.85 kJ/m2 for neat EP, indicating the toughening effect of PTCP on EP. The findings in this study demonstrated that PTCP could be used as a promising flame retardant toughening agent for epoxy resins to overcome their drawbacks of intrinsic brittle and high flammability.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 8.3
Chengan Ma,Fei Yan,Shengtao Dai,Jintang Duan,Yuhui Ao,Gang Li,Gaosong Wang,Qingyu Zhou,Feng Bao,Liu Liu
In this study, a bio-based polyarylene ether ketone (bio-PAEK) was synthesized to prepare water-based sizing agents for enhancing the interfacial adhesion between carbon fiber (CF) and matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that the bio-PAEK exhibited good thermal properties. To improve the processability and reduce the processing temperature, PAEK with a low melting point (LMPAEK) was also used as the matrix resin . The glass-transition temperature (T g ) of LMPAEK was slightly higher than that of polyether ether ketone (PEEK), but its melting temperature (T m ) was lower 48.5 °C. A strong interface was created after introducing sizing agents onto the CF surface due to good compatibility between fibers and matrix. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), interfacial shear strength (IFSS) and flexural strength of CF2/LMPAEK composites increased by 54.7 %, 56.0 % and 46.6 %, respectively, compared with the untreated composites. This study provided a novel approach to prepare water-based bio-PAEK sizing agents for CF composites with a low melting point matrix to be applied in additive manufacturing .
研究领域:
材料科学
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复合材料工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）