COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
·
2023
·
IF 8.7
Lei Liang,Xianxian Sun,Yuanhao Ning,Shasha Wang,Weilong Yin,Yibin Li
The process of toughening brittle ceramics is challenging but important for broadening their range of applications. Extensive studies on toughening brittle alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) ceramics at room temperature have been conducted; however, significantly increasing their toughness at high temperatures remains a challenge. Here, we propose the use of two-dimensional Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene ceramics with high thermal stability to effectively toughen Al 2 O 3 ceramics at high temperatures via a nacre-like structure strategy. The fracture toughness (K Jc ) of the as-prepared MXene/Al 2 O 3 nanocomposite at 1000 °C is 6.02 MPa m 1/2 , 2.4 times that of pure Al 2 O 3 (2.51 MPa m 1/2 ). Moreover, it maintains relatively high strength at 1000 °C (∼193 MPa). The toughening mechanisms - crack deflection, bifurcation and bridging effects - are obtained via in situ observation of crack propagation and finite element simulation. Our novel strategy provides a universal solution to improve the toughness of brittle ceramics at high temperatures and in some special environments.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
陶瓷工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER
·
2023
·
IF 4.6
Shuwen Zhang,Shengdao Wang,Zhongxin Dong,Siyu Zhong,Yanchao Yang,Guibin Wang
PEEK resin is difficult to toughen because of its unique molecular structure. In this paper, polyether ketone ether ketone ketone (PEKEKK) which has a molecular chain structure similar to PEEK but higher melting point was used to toughen PEEK. Firstly, the soluble PEKEKK was synthesized and used to prepare nanospheres with uniform and controllable particle size through microemulsion method. Then, the PEKEKK nanospheres with crystallinity and good thermal stability were obtained by acidification . The nanospheres and nanocomposites were characterized by TGA , DSC , DMA , SEM, polarizing microscopy and Charpy impact test. Without extra compatibilizer or surface modification, the impact toughness of PEEK/PEKEKK nanocomposites (2.0 wt% nanospheres) improved to 6.63 kJ/m 2 with an increase of 47.33%, while not impairing the tensile and flexural properties. Moreover, the toughening mechanism of the PEKEKK nanospheres in PEEK resin were discussed. The strategy provides a novel solution for the toughening of PAEK with high strength .
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER
·
2024
·
IF 4.1
Yu Zhang,Gang Wang,Yuxuan Xu,Jiajun Sun,Xiaohong Zhang,Ting Zheng,Lili Zhang
The high brittleness of epoxy resin at cryogenic temperature restricts their wide application in cryogenic engineering. In this study, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) with -Si-O-Si- molecular chains were synthesized, and the mechanical properties of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (E51 epoxy resin) were significantly enhanced at room temperature (RT) by incorporating a 4% POSS and curing agent 4,4′-diamino-diphenylmethane (DDM) as the E51/POSS/DDM resin system. Subsequently, by adding different contents of epoxidation hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (EHTPB) into the E51/POSS/DDM resin system, the EHTPB-E51/POSS/DDM resin system was prepared. The investigation into the impact of EHTPB content on the mechanical properties of EHTPB-E51/POSS/DDM resin system at room temperature (RT) revealed that EHTPB-E51/POSS/DDM resin system with 10% EHTPB exhibited the most favorable results. Specifically, the elongation at break, flexural strength , and critical stress intensity factor (K IC ) were measured to be 6.82%, 143.75 MPa, and 1.83 MPa m 1/2 , respectively. These values demonstrated a notable improvement of 53.3%, 26.9%, and 86.7% compared to those for the E51/DDM resin system. Concurrently, at 77 K, the elongation at break and critical stress intensity factor (K IC ) increased by 37.8% and 73.5%, respectively. The toughening mechanism of the prepared EHTPB-E51/POSS/DDM resin system was further explored through resin-curing cross-linking simulation networks and SEM images of the fracture surface of resin samples. The study of EHTPB and POSS synergistically toughened epoxy resin provided a new efficient method to prepare epoxy resins with high toughness at low temperatures.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
工程学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Materials Express
·
2020
·Vol. 10
·期 6
·928-933
·
IF 1.65
Tian Liang,Hou Qinglin,Wang Yingxia,Hou Yihui
Si3N4 ceramic has excellent properties such as high temperature resistance, high hardness, and high thermal stability, but it has the disadvantages of high hardness and brittleness and difficulty in later processing. In this paper, ZrO2 was used as toughening
phase, and ZrO2 toughened Si3N4 ceramics was prepared by injection molding. The effects of ZrO2 sintering temperature and content on the mechanical properties and fracture morphology were studied. Experiments show that when the ZrO2 content
is 10 wt.% and the sintering temperature reaches 1650 °C, the bending strength and fracture toughness of Si3N4 ceramics reach the maximum at the same time, which are 767 MPa and 8.7 MPa·m1/2, respectively. The density is high. XRD analysis revealed
that if the sintering temperature is too high, the ZrO2/Si3N4 system will generate a large number of ZrN impurity phases that cannot be phase-transformed, which ultimately affects the ceramic properties. According to fracture morphology, the toughening mechanism
of ZrO2 is stress-induced phase transition.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
机械工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
·
2022
·
IF 4.537
Jianjun Zhang,Ziqiao Wang,Jiajun Luo,Subin Wang,Bingliang Liang,Weihua Chen
MoSi 2 is the most potential high temperature structural materials that can be used in aerospace and aviation industry. But its fracture toughness is low and its low temperature oxidation resistance is poor, which limits its application. To solve these problems, novel MoSi 2 @ZrO 2 core-shell composites were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1300 °C⁓1500 °C. The influences of sintering temperatures on the microstructures, mechanical properties and tribological properties of the composites were studied. It was found that the relative density, Vickers hardness , bending strength and fracture toughness of the composites first ascended and then descended with the sintering temperature rising from 1300 °C to 1500 °C. As the sintering temperature reached 1400 °C, the maximum relative density, the maximum Vickers hardness , the maximum bending strength and the maximum fracture toughness of the composite material achieved 97.5%, 1103 HV, 540 MPa and 7.96 MPa·m 1/2 , respectively. Additionally, the friction coefficient of the composite materials first descended and then ascended with sintering temperature rising. As the sintering temperature reached 1400 °C, the minimum friction coefficient was about 0.355. Moreover, we analyzed the relations between the mechanical properties and microstructure. The toughening mechanisms of the MoSi 2 @ZrO 2 composites were also discussed. In addition, during cyclic isothermal oxidation at below 600 °C, weight gains of the MoSi 2 @ZrO 2 composites evidently decreased, compared with that of pure MoSi 2 , proving better low-temperature oxidation resistance .
研究领域:
材料科学
·
机械工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 2.8
Xuejuan Niu,Zhiyu Cheng,Zheng Lin
Epoxy resin is widely used in fiber-reinforced composite structures, but its application in high-end projects is limited due to the relatively brittle characteristics caused by its high crosslink density. In this paper, the reaction process of ZnO surface treated with silane coupling agent is described, and the toughening mechanism of nano-ZnO on resin matrix is elaborated. A three-level three-factor experimental strategy has been designed, and orthogonal experimental tests were conducted to investigate the influence of different design parameters, such as solid–liquid epoxy resin ratio (SLR), mass contents of nano-ZnO and catalytic agent (2E4MI). With the results of three-point bending (3P-bending) tests and hardness tests of the beams prepared with twill woven fabrics, surface response analysis based on statistics was carried out to evaluate and optimize design parameters. Results show that, for the beam with the optimized configuration, the maximum bending load, bending stiffness, and hardness were increased by 40.02%, 51.25%, and 58.18%, respectively.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
复合材料工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
·
2025
·
IF 14.2
Siyu Zhong,Zhongxin Dong,Yanwei Xiao,Yuan Li,LiangLiang Pei,Shengdao Wang,Guibin Wang
In recent years, numerous studies have reported the application of crystalline sizing agents for the interfacial modification of carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone (PEEK/CF) composites. However, the underlying mechanism by which these agents improve the interfacial properties remains unclear. Therefore, the interfacial enhancement mechanism of PEEK/CF composites using crystalline PEEK sizing agents was explored from a microscopic perspective, specifically focusing on interfacial crystallization in this study. Firstly, the crystallization behavior of PEEK on the CF surfaces modified with varying concentrations of crystalline PEEK sizing agents was investigated using polarized optical microscope (POM). It was observed that the sizing agent could induce the formation of PEEK transcrystallinity (TC) on the CF surface, with the 1 wt% concentration of sizing agent resulting in the densest crystal nuclei. The lamellar morphology and molecular orientation of the TC layers were further analyzed. Correspondingly, higher interfacial shear strength (IFSS) was observed in PEEK/CF composites with denser TC structures. Furthermore, the film tensile tests and chemical solvent erosion experiments were conducted to investigate the distribution of weak interfacial phases. It was found that the TC layer did not introduce new “weak interfacial phases” into the composites and exhibited superior resistance to solvent erosion. Finally, the mechanism of action of crystalline PEEK sizing agents was discussed. It was proposed that PEEK molecules from the sizing agent could effectively fill the voids at the interface of the composites which were caused by the low mobility of high-viscosity PEEK resin matrix. This led to an increase in nucleation sites on the CF surface and the formation of a denser TC layer.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2017
·Vol. 134
·期 36
·45281
·
IF 1.86
Yijian Wu,Hui Zhang,Baoqing Shentu,Zhixue Weng
This work aimed at studying the role of poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO) and polystyrene (PS) in toughening polyamide-6 (PA6)/styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer grafted with maleic anhydride (SEBS- g -MA) blends. The effects of weight ratio and content of PPO/PS on the morphology and mechanical behaviors of PA6/SEBS- g -MA/(PPO/PS) blends were studied by scanning electron microscope and mechanical tests. Driving by the interfacial tension and the spreading coefficient, the “core–shell” particles formed by PPO/PS (core) and SEBS- g -MA (shell) played the key role in toughening the PA6 blends. As PS improved the distribution of the “core–shell” particles due to its low viscosity, and PPO guaranteed the entanglement density of the PPO/PS phase, the 3/1 weight ratio of PPO/PS supplied the blends optimal mechanical properties. Within certain range, the increased content of PPO/PS could supply more efficient toughening particles and bring better mechanical properties. Thus, by adjusting the weight ratio and content of PPO and PS, the PA6/SEBS- g -MA/(PPO/PS) blends with excellent impact strength, high tensile strength, and good heat deflection temperature were obtained. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 45281.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Materials
·
2025
·Vol. 18
·期 10
·2289
·
IF 3.2
Junyao Shen,Tian Si,Huan Gao,Linhua Zhu,Heng Zhang,Xin Gao,Xiaoning Tang
ZrO 2 and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were selected as single-phase and composite toughening agents to investigate the influence on the mechanical properties of CaZr 4 (PO 4 ) 6 (CZP) ceramics. The results revealed that the addition of single-phase or composite toughening agents had minimal impact on the phase composition and crystallinity of CZP ceramics. When the content of the single-phase ZrO 2 toughening agent reached 10 wt.%, the flexural strength of CZP ceramics increased to 71.60 MPa due to the particle toughening mechanism of ZrO 2 . With the addition of 1.0 wt.% ZrO 2 and 0.3 wt.% MWCNTs, the CZP ceramics demonstrated enhanced densification and improved sintering activity. The small-sized ZrO 2 particles were evenly dispersed within the ceramic matrix, accompanied by a phase transformation during sintering. Together with MWCNTs, this combination resulted in a significant increase in flexural strength, reaching 138.43 MPa. An in-depth analysis of the toughening mechanisms indicated that the CZP ceramic matrix primarily featured ZrO 2 phase transformation toughening and the pull-out and bridging toughening provided by MWCNTs. The synergistic interaction of these multiple toughening mechanisms significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of CZP ceramics, providing valuable theoretical insights for optimizing the performance of phosphate ceramics in practical applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
陶瓷工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2025
·
IF 6.3
Shen Zhou,Zhoufu Wang,Zhenghuang Quan,Hao Liu,Yan Ma,Pingtao Fang,Chao Shu
Yttrium oxide is extensively utilized in high-temperature industries due to its excellent vacuum and high-temperature chemical stability. However, its applications are limited by poor thermal shock resistance, which arises from its intrinsic brittleness. The ferroelastic toughening phase LaAlO 3 offers significant fracture toughness, which is attributed to the ferroelastic domain-switching toughening effect. This study focuses on enhancing the properties of yttrium oxide using Y 2 O 3 , La 2 O 3 , and Al 2 O 3 fine powders as primary raw materials. Y 2 O 3 /LaAlO 3 composite materials are developed, and the LaAlO 3 phase is formed in situ within the Y 2 O 3 matrix. The effects of varying in situ-synthesized LaAlO 3 content on the phase composition, microstructure, mechanical properties, and thermal shock resistance of Y 2 O 3 /LaAlO 3 composite materials are investigated. The key findings are as follows: 1) The use of a Y 2-x La x O 3 solid solution, instead of pure yttrium oxide, as the matrix allows for the synthesis of the LaAlO 3 phase in situ within the matrix. This approach enables the coexistence of LaAlO 3 and yttrium oxide, resolving the issue of chemical compatibility between Y 2 O 3 and LaAlO 3 . 2) The solid solution effect of the Y 2-x La x O 3 matrix and the ferroelastic toughening effect of the LaAlO 3 phase collectively enhance the material performance. The addition of an appropriate amount of LaAlO 3 improves the sintering performance, strength, hardness, and toughness of yttrium oxide. These enhancements significantly improve the thermal shock stability of yttrium oxide materials. 3) The excessive formation of the in situ LaAlO 3 phase, driven by the LaAlO 3 reaction expansion effect, negatively impacts the sintering performance and toughness of yttrium oxide materials, thereby compromising their thermal shock stability. To address this issue, an optimal amount of in situ LaAlO 3 phase should be incorporated to achieve a balance between toughness and thermal shock stability in Y 2 O 3 /LaAlO 3 composite materials while preserving their hardness and strength.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
陶瓷工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITE INTERFACES
·
2024
·
IF 2.1
Lihu Fu,Guangming Zhou,Tao Liu,Bingyan Yu,Yueyue Rui,Yun Liu,Jie Liu,Gang Lu
The poor interfacial properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers and epoxy resin seriously affect the toughening effect of PVA fibers on epoxy resin. To solve this problem, the surface of PVA fibers was modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) and 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH560), as well as the surface of PVA fibers with tannic acid (TA) and KH560. The acid-cured epoxy resin toughening mechanism of the modified PVA fibers was systematically investigated by multiscale analysis. The experimental data showed that the epoxy resin performed best when TA and KH560 synergistically modified PVA fibers. The impact strength of the epoxy resin increased by 76.3% and the tensile strength by 20.3%. The toughening mechanism of modified PVA fibers on the epoxy resin was revealed by a series of characterizations such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Because KH560 can participate in the curing reaction of the epoxy resin, it greatly enhances the adhesion between the fiber and the resin. The toughening mechanism of TA and KH560 working together on PVA fibers to strengthen epoxy resin is summarized through the analysis of different scales. This also offers theoretical and experimental support for using PVA fibers in composites.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2016
·Vol. 6
·期 11
·8956-8963
·
IF 3.289
Xiu Yan Ren,Zhe Yu,Baijun Liu,Xue Jiao Liu,Ya Jun Wang,Qiang Su,Guang Hui Gao
Traditional hydrogels with poor mechanical properties have the largest barrier for extensive practical applications, such as artificial tendons, cartilage, skin and so on. In this work, a novel design strategy is proposed and demonstrated to improve the mechanical behavior of hydrogels by introducing ductile macromolecular microspheres (MMs) as crosslinking centers. Firstly, the MMs are synthesized, using butyl acrylate as the main component and dicyclopentyl acrylate as an intermolecular crosslinker, by a conventional emulsion polymerization method. Then acrylamide (AM) and hexadecyl methacrylate (HMA) are crosslinked by the MMs in water to form MM crosslinked poly(acrylamide-co-hexadecyl methacrylate) (P(AM/HMA)–MM) hydrogels. From the tensile measurements, the P(AM/HMA)–MM hydrogels exhibit dramatic enhancement of fracture stress σf (0.555 MPa) and fracture strain εf (5533%) when compared to the original P(AM/HMA) hydrogels. Furthermore, the P(AM/HMA)–MM hydrogels also have excellent puncture resistant properties. Based on traditional mechanisms of rubber-toughened plastics, it is clear that MMs can not only prevent the further development of cracks but can also be stretched to deform and absorb a large amount of energy. It is envisioned that this novel strategy, inspired by a toughening mechanism, will be an effective approach to enhance the mechanical properties and broaden the range of applications for hydrogels.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物医学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）