Lead halide perovskites display remarkable optoelectronic properties, like large absorption coefficients, high photoluminescence quantum efficiencies, and long lifetime and diffusion length of photocarriers. This system is easily fabricated using solution processes and inkjet printing is an effective way to prepare halide perovskite films and complex patterns. In this work, the crystallization behaviors of inkjet printing CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 crystals are systematically investigated with varied I − doping, printing times, and solvents. Using N , N -dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent, CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3− x I x ( x = 0, 0.14, 0.29, 0.45, 0.59) are printed on the glass and the crystalline grains are developed from the (001) oriented tetragonal in side length of 10–50 µm to dendrite with increasing I − concentrations. The crystalline grains are kept tetragonal, while the average crystal size changes from 22 to 89 µm by increasing the number of printing from 10 to 1000 times. DMF and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are used as solvents for printing CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 , and more regular grains are obtained from DMF solvent. Several patterns are printed on glass and papers, and fluorescent two-dimensional (2D) patterns are observed under the 480 nm excitation. The as-printed patterns show excellent homogeneity and high reproducibility, indicating that the inkjet printing shows broad application prospects in flexible electronics.
Conducting films are becoming increasingly crucial for the electronics industry with applications in various technologies including high-power microelectronic packaging, photovoltaics, and flexible displays. The films with high conductivity were normally fabricated by sintering of printed inks with micrometer size particles. However, the resolution of printed pattern and high sintering temperature limit its application due to the particle size. Herein, we report a stable bimetallic alloy nanoparticle (Au–Ag) sintering inks with low sintering temperature (450 °C). The fabricated films have low resistivity (4.13 × 10 –8 Ω·m), which is similar with that of bulk Au films (2.4 × 10 –8 Ω·m) and show great adhesion on glass substrates. Film porosity is extremely low, with a maximum transmittance of only 0.1% in the wavelength range of 340 nm-870 nm. The Au–Ag nanoparticles sintering behavior was also characterized systematically by both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was observed that the sintering process could be divided into three stages. This work indicates that this preparation approach of conductive film shows potential in the fabrication of highly integrated electronic devices by ink printing method.
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