Science Bulletin
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2023
·
IF 18.9
Meng Lu,Qin-Can Zhang,Zi-Yu Zhu,Fang Peng,Zhi Li,Yang Wang,Xi-Yin Li,Zhong-Wei Wang,Xiao-Juan Zhang,Li Zhou,Jian-Fang Gui
The association between polyploidy and reproduction transition, which is an intriguing issue in evolutionary genetics , can also be exploited as an approach for genetic improvement in agriculture . Recently, we generated novel amphitriploids (NA3n) by integrating the genomes of the gynogenetic Carassius gibelio and sexual C. auratus , and found gynogenesis was recovered in most NA3n females (NA3n♀I). Here, we discovered a unique reproduction mode, termed ameio-fusiongenesis, which combines the abilities of both ameiotic oogenesis and sperm-egg fusion, in a few NA3n females (NA3n♀II). These females inherited ameiotic oogenesis to produce unreduced eggs from gynogenetic C. gibelio and sperm-egg fusion from sexual C. auratus . Subsequently, we utilized this unique reproduction mode to generate a group of synthetic alloheptaploids by crossing NA3n♀II with Megalobrama amblycephala . They contained all chromosomes of maternal NA3n♀II and a chromosomal set of paternal M. amblycephala . Intergenomic chromosome translocations between NA3n♀II and M. amblycephala were also observed in a few somatic cells . Primary oocytes of the alloheptaploid underwent severe apoptosis owing to incomplete double-strand break repair at prophase I. Although spermatocytes displayed similar chromosome behavior at prophase I, they underwent apoptosis due to chromosome separation failure at metaphase I. Therefore, the alloheptaploid females and males were all sterile. Finally, we established a sustainable clone for the large-scale production of NA3n♀II and developed an efficient approach to synthesize diverse allopolyploids containing genomes of different cyprinid species. These findings not only broaden our understanding of reproduction transition but also offer a practical strategy for polyploidy breeding and heterosis fixing.
研究领域:
遗传学
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水产养殖学
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进化生物学
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DOI
高影响因子
Animals
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2025
·Vol. 15
·期 2
·140
·
IF 2.7
Kexin Ma,Yueyao Yang,Yifan Li,Chuan Li,Taicheng Li,Haiyan Ma,Zibin Jiang,He Zhou,Wei Wang
Simple SummaryOur study investigates the karyotype of a vital polyploid fish,Carassius auratus gibelio. We found 150 chromosomes with 6 nucleolar organizer regions, suggesting complex chromosomal interactions. Male and femaleC. gibelioshow different chromosome pairings, indicating asynchronous evolution. The formation of two trivalents or two bivalents and two univalents from six NOR bearing chromosomes in maleC. gibeliois considered evidence of being in the process of rediploidization. The presence of only univalents and bivalents in the oocytes of femaleC. gibelioindicates that their cytogenetics are more stable, suggesting that they have completed rediploidization. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the underlying mechanisms and evolutionary outcomes of this species’ genome. They provide relevant insights for further exploration of the reproductive modes of polyploid organisms and breeding strategies.Carassius auratus gibelio, a significant polyploid fish in Chinese aquaculture, can reproduce through both unisexual gynogenesis and sexual reproduction. WhileC. gibeliois known to exhibit polyploidy throughout its lifecycle, whether the homologous pairing of chromosomes is associated with the mode of reproduction remains unclear. Our study determined its karyotype as 2n = 150, comprising 42 metacentric, 24 submetacentric, 6 subtelocentric, and 78 telocentric chromosomes. Using AgNORs, CMA3/DAPI double fluorescence staining, and FISH, we identified six nucleolar organizer regions inC. gibeliochromosomes. FemaleC. gibelioexhibited only univalent and bivalent configurations, while males showed a range of chromosome configurations from univalent to hexavalent. CMA3-positive sites and FISH signals in trivalents spermatocytes hint at homologous triploidization. The formation of two trivalents or two bivalents and two univalents from six NORs bearing chromosomes in maleC. gibeliois considered evidence of being in the process of rediploidization. The presence of only univalents and bivalents in the oocytes of femaleC. gibelioindicates that their cytogenetics are more stable, suggesting that they have completed rediploidization. Asynchronous progression of polyploidization may lead to differences in reproductive patterns between male and femaleC. gibelio. Our results offer cytogenetic insights into the polyploidy and evolution ofC. gibelio, providing foundational cytogenomics data. This study provides relevant references for revealing the distinct reproductive strategies of male and femaleC. gibelio: under stable conditions, gynogenesis enables rapid clonal reproduction and swift population growth, while sexual reproduction enhances the genetic diversity within the population.
研究领域:
细胞遗传学
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进化生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
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2021
·
IF 9.381
Meysam Madadi,Kanglu Zhao,Youmei Wang,Yanting Wang,Shang-wen Tang,Tao Xia,Nengzhou Jin,Zhijun Xu,Guanhua Li,Zhi Qi,Liangcai Peng,Zhiyong Xiong
Potato is a major food crop with enormous biomass straw, but lignocellulose recalcitrance causes a costly bioethanol conversion. Here, we selected the cytochimera (Cyt) potato samples showing significantly-modified lignocellulose and much increased soluble sugars and starch by 2–4 folds in mature straws. Under two pretreatments (8 min liquid hot water; 5% CaO) at minimized conditions, the potato Cyt straw showed complete enzymatic saccharification. Further performing yeast fermentation with all hexoses released from soluble sugars, starch and lignocellulose in the Cyt straw, this study achieved a maximum bioethanol yield of 24 % (% dry matter), being higher than those of other bioenergy crops as previously reported. Hence, this study has proposed a novel mechanism model on the reduction of major lignocellulose recalcitrance and regulation of carbon assimilation to achieve cost-effective bioethanol production under optimal pretreatments. This work also provides a sustainable strategy for utilization of potato straws with minimum waste release.
研究领域:
植物学
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生物能源
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遗传学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines
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2018
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IF 1.991
Qi-Qing LI,Jian ZHANG,Ji-Hua LIU,Bo-Yang YU
Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees (AP) is commonly used for the treatment of many infectious diseases and has been cultivated widely in Asian countries, and has been included in United States Pharmacopoeia as a dietary supplement, but the cultivars of A. paniculata are not abundant due to its self-pollinated. With the aims to enrich AP resources and provide materials for after breeding we explored the polyploidy induction. Different explants, colchicine concentration, and treatment time were tested. After identification by flow cytometry, eleven polyploid plants with different morphologic traits were obtained. The agronomic traits and andrographolide concentration of the polyploids were improved greatly. One of the polyploids (serial 3–7) was chosen for further study. The traits of the second and third generation polyploids (serial 3–7) were stable. Compared with the normal plants, the seeds (2nd generation) weight increased by 31%, and the andrographolide concentration of the leaves increased by 14% (2nd) and 28% (3rd). In conclusion, AP autopolyploids with different morphologic traits were established successfully for the first time, and the polyploids induction might be effective for crop improvement of AP.
研究领域:
植物学
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药用植物研究
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遗传学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
·
2022
·Vol. 39
·期 9
·
IF 8.8
Lu Meng,Li Zhi,Zhu Zi-Yu,Peng Fang,Wang Yang,Li Xi-Yin,Wang Zhong-Wei,Zhang Xiao-Juan,Zhou Li,Gui Jian-Fang
Unisexual animals are commonly found in some polyploid species complexes, and most of these species have had a long evolutionary history. However, their method for avoiding genomic decay remains unclear. The polyploid Carassius complex naturally comprises the sexual amphidiploid C. auratus (crucian carp or goldfish) (AABB) and the gynogenetic amphitriploid C. gibelio (gibel carp) (AAABBB). Recently, we developed a fertile synthetic amphitetraploid (AAAABBBB) male from C. gibelio by incorporating a C. auratus genome. In this study, we generated novel amphitriploids (AAABBB) by backcrossing the amphitetraploid male with the amphidiploid C. auratus. Whole-genome resequencing revealed the genomic changes, including recombination and independent assortment between homologs of C. gibelio and C. auratus. The fertility, sex determination system, oocyte development, and fertilization behaviors of the novel amphitriploids were investigated. Approximately 80% of the novel amphitriploid females recovered the unisexual gynogenesis ability. Intriguingly, two types of primary oocyte (with and without homolog synapsis) were discovered, and their distinct development fates were observed. Type I oocytes entered apoptosis due to improper synaptonemal complex assembly and incomplete double-strand break repair, whereas subsequent type II oocytes bypassed meiosis through an alternative ameiotic pathway to develop into mature eggs. Moreover, gynogenesis was stabilized in their offspring, and a new array of diverse gynogenetic amphitriploid clones was produced. These revealed genomic changes and detailed cytological data provide comprehensive evidence that changes in ploidy drive unisexual and sexual reproduction transition, thereby resulting in genomic diversity and allowing C. gibelio avoid genomic decay.
研究领域:
遗传学
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进化生物学
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鱼类学
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DOI
高影响因子
Phytochemistry Letters
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2021
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IF 1.679
Jinhua Li,Ziqi Yan,Hongmei Li,Qiong Shi,Linfang Huang,Naganna Nimishetti,Thaddeus D. Allen,Dun Yang,Jing Zhang
Natural sources are a valuable reserve of chemical diversity for drug development. However, creative screening assays are required to unlock this potential. A high-content screen was developed to isolate anti-mitotic and polyploidy-inducing activity in mammalian cancer cells from plant extracts. The assay was utilized in an analysis of more than 2000 medicinal plants and activity was identified in a rhizome extract from Corydalis longicalcarata . Two bioactive benzophenanthridine alkaloids, corynoline and its close analog acetylcorynoline, were purified. These compounds display pleiotropic effects on cell division, including prevention of chromosome congression, compromise of the spindle checkpoint response, and blockade of cytokinesis. Corynoline and acetylcorynoline are known entities but the potential for development as anti-mitotic drugs has never been ascribed to these two phytochemicals. This study highlights the requirement and ability of novel bioassays to unlock novel function for known phytochemicals.
研究领域:
药理学
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植物化学
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肿瘤学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE
·
2023
·
IF 4.3
Yuan Zhong,Ming-jie Du,Run-ze Ji,Fang-yun Cheng
Polyploid breeding is one of the most important approaches to improve the traits of cultivated plants, but there has been no feasible method to get polyploid tree peony. In this study, we revealed a sexual triploidization approach from a diploid intersubsectional hybrid tree peony, Paeonia × lemoinei ‘High Noon’, to an allotriploid one, P. × lemoinei ‘Oukan’, by accurate karyotyping based on genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The ancestor genomes from P. suffruticosa and P. delavayi , which were defined as A-genome and B-genome respectively, were clearly distinguished by GISH in ‘High Noon’ and ‘Oukan’. Nonhomologous chromosomes were successfully recognized by means of 5S and 45S rDNA FISH. Karyotype comparation based on GISH and FISH indicated that the B-genome and one of the two A-genomes in ‘Oukan’ (2 n =3 x =15, AAB) were highly consistent to the corresponding genomes in ‘High Noon’ (2 n =2 x =10, AB), implying the triploid origination via 2 n gametes produced by first division restitution (FDR). In addition, it was demonstrated for the first time that the dual in series sites of 5S rDNA located on the short arm of chromosome 3 in both A and B-genomes. Besides the familiar strong 45S rDNA signals observed at terminal region of short arms, single weak 45S rDNA signal was newly detected at terminal region in the short arm of certain chromosome 1 in A-genome, and at interstitial-distal region in the long arm of chromosome 5 in both genomes. These findings provide a proof and theoretical support for tree peony polyploid breeding, and an accurate karyotyping method for genetic research of plants in Paeonia .
研究领域:
植物学
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遗传学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Plants-Basel
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2025
·Vol. 14
·期 17
·2778
·
IF 4.1
Guoliang Bian,Yan Yi,Ziqi Song,Yanmeng Huang,Qianxing Mao,Jian Qin,Xulan Shang
Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.) Iljinskaja is a rare and multifunctional tree species endemic to China. This study aimed to establish a feasible method for polyploid induction inC. paliuruswith colchicine treatment, and the obtained polyploid plants were identified and characterized. In this study, natural diploid and tetraploidC. paliurusseedlings were treated with different concentrations and durations of colchicine to induce polyploidization. The results indicated that a colchicine concentration of 0.4% for 4 d was the most suitable induction protocol, respectively. Compared with diploid and tetraploid control plants, the induced polyploid plants were shorter and thinner. The number of compound leaves in induced polyploids were fewer, and the compound leaf areas became smaller. The stomatal density of induced polyploids decreased, but the stomata became larger and wider, with an increased number of chloroplasts in the guard cells. The induced polyploids exhibited higher levels of carotenoid, and the contents of soluble sugar, soluble starch, and soluble protein were higher than those of controls. The polyploid plants exhibited an increase in the contents of growth-inhibiting hormones (JA) and a decrease in those of growth-promoting hormones (IAA, GA3, BR). In summary, the induced polyploids with a dwarfing effect would provide superior germplasm resources for leaf-harvesting plantation. AsC. paliurusis endemic to China, our results have a rather local effect. Overall, the established polyploid induction method ofC. paliuruswill provide technical support for creating superiorC. paliurusgermplasm resources and subsequent plant breeding research.
研究领域:
植物学
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植物生理学
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遗传学
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园艺学
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生物化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
·
2022
·
IF 7.419
Ziqi Yan,Qiong Shi,Xumei Liu,Jinhua Li,Vidhula Ahire,Shenqiu Zhang,Jing Zhang,Dun Yang,Thaddeus D. Allen
Plants are a rich source for bioactive compounds. However, plant extracts can harbor a mixture of bioactive molecules that promote divergent phenotypes and potentially have confounding effects in bioassays. Even with further purification and identification, target deconvolution can be challenging. Corynoline and acetylcorynoline, are phytochemicals that were previously isolated through a screen for compounds able to induce mitotic arrest and polyploidy in oncogene expressing retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Here, we shed light on the mechanism by which these phytochemicals can attack human cancer cells. Mitotic arrest was coincident to the induction of centrosome amplification and declustering, causing multi-polar spindle formation. Corynoline was demonstrated to have true centrosome declustering activity in a model where A549 cells were chemically induced to have more than a regular complement of centrosomes. Corynoline could inhibit the centrosome clustering required for pseudo-bipolar spindle formation in these cells. The activity of AURKB, but not AURKA or polo-like kinase 4, was diminished by corynoline. It only partially inhibited AURKB, so it may be a partial antagonist or corynoline may work upstream on an unknown regulator of AURKB activity or localization. Nonetheless, corynoline and acetylcorynoline inhibited the viability of a variety of human cancer derived cell lines. These phytochemicals could serve as prototypes for a next-generation analog with improved potency, selectivity or in vivo bioavailability. Such an analog could be useful as a non-toxic component of combination therapies where inhibiting the chromosomal passenger protein complex is desired.
研究领域:
药理学
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癌症生物学
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细胞生物学
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植物科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）