A simple, low-cost and sensitive origami electrochemical immunoassay-device was developed based on a novel gold nanoparticle modified porous paper working electrode (Au-PWE) for point-of-care testing. Azide-functionalized Au-PWE was prepared by the functionalization of Au-PWE with 1-azidoundecan-11-thiol. Alkyne end-terminated antibody was prepared with 4-pentynoic acid and antibody by the 1-ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylamino) propyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide activation reaction . Alkyne-antibody was coupled to azido-Au-PWE by click reaction as a recognition element. Nearly monodispersed sphere-like silica-coated ferroferric oxide (Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 ) nanoparticles were prepared via the reverse microemulsion method. Azide-functionalized Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 was prepared by the functionalization of silica shell with 3-bromopropyltrichlorosilane followed by substitution with sodium azide . Alkyne-functionalized antibody and horse radish peroxidase were coupled to azide-functionalized Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 by click reaction as signal label. Horse radish peroxidase and ferroferric oxide could catalyze the oxidation of thionine in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. After the sandwich immunoreaction, the current was proportional to the logarithm of the Microcystin-LR. The linear regression equation was i (μA)=119.89+46.27 log c MC-LR (μg/mL) in the range from 0.01 to 200 μg/mL. The limit of detection was 0.004 μg/mL. This immunoassay would provide a universal immunoassay method in environmental monitoring and public health.
In this paper, we propose a generalized concept of microfluidic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on paper (POP) devices, which combines well the merits of paper chips and PDMS chips. First, we optimized the conditions for accurate PDMS spatial patterning on paper, based on screen printing and a high temperature enabled superfast curing technique, which enables PDMS patterning to an accuracy of tens of microns in less than ten seconds. This, in turn, makes it available for seamless, reversible and reliable integration of the resulting paper layer with other PDMS channel structures. The integrated POP devices allow for both porous paper and smooth channels to be spatially defined on the devices, greatly extending the flexibility for designers to be able to construct powerful functional structures. To demonstrate the versatility of this design, a prototype POP device for the colorimetric analysis of liver function markers, serum protein, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), was constructed. On this POP device, quantitative sample loading, mixing and multiplex analysis have all been realized.
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