Lianjun Wu,Yiwen Dong,Litao Yao,Chuantong Liu,Abdullrahman M Al-Bishari,Kendrick Hii Ru Yie,Hualin Zhang,Jinsong Liu,Gang Wu
Zirconia has become a new dental implant material because of its excellent esthetics, biocompatibility, and minimal ion release. However, biological inertness of zirconia surface results in weak integration with bone tissue in the early stage of osseointegration. To enhance the early osseointegration of zirconia implant, a homogeneous nanoporous tantalum (TaNS) coating (~30 nm in diameter and 1 μm in length) with good adhesion strength was prepared on zirconia surface via magnetron sputtering combined with anodization. The roughness and hydrophilicity in ZrO 2 /TaNS groups were significantly improved as compared to other groups. The protein adsorption, initial adhesion, spreading and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells were significantly enhanced in ZrO 2 /TaNS group as compared to ZrO 2 and ZrO 2 /Ta group. Moreover, the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells was significantly improved in ZrO 2 /TaNS groups than other groups by up-regulating the expression of the osteogenic-related genes (RunX2, ALP , COL-1, OSX, OCN and OPG). Histological analysis displayed that more newly regenerated bone was deposited around ZrO 2 /TaNS group than other groups, and the bone-implant contact in ZrO 2 /TaNS group was enhanced correspondingly. In conclusion, the TaNS coating with good adhesion strength can be successfully prepared on zirconia surface by magnetron sputtering combined with anodization. This novel coating will be a promising clinical application in improving osseointegration of the zirconia implant.
Porous tantalum (Ta) is a potential bone substitute due to its excellent biocompatibility and desirable mechanical properties. In this work, a series of porous Ta materials with interconnected micropores and varying pore sizes from 23 to 210 μm were fabricated using spark plasma sintering. The porous structure was formed by thermal decomposition of ammonium bicarbonate powder premixed in the Ta powder. The pore size and porosity were controlled by the categorized particle size of ammonium bicarbonate. The porous Ta has elastic moduli in the range of 2.1–3.2 GPa and compressive yield strength in the range of 23–34 MPa, which are close to those of human bone. In vitro, as-fabricated porous Ta demonstrates excellent biocompatibility by supporting adhesion and proliferation of preosteoblasts. In vivo studies also validate its bone repair capability after implantation in a rat femur defect model. The study demonstrates a facile strategy to fabricate porous Ta with controllable pore size for bone repair.
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