This work demonstrated the possibility of hydrophobic ionic liquid tricaprylmethylammonium thiocyanate ([A336][SCN]) as a solvent in the separation by extraction of polyhydric alcohols from their mixtures with water. The knowledge of (liquid + liquid) equilibrium (LLE) of these mixtures is essential for the design of the extraction process. For this reason, the LLE data of the ternary systems {[A336][SCN] + water + glycerol, or ethylene glycol, or 1,2-propanediol, or 1,3-propanediol} were determined at T = 303.2 K and atmospheric pressure. The reliability of the tie-lines data was ascertained by applying the Othmer–Tobias equation, and the non-random two liquid (NRTL) model used to fit the experimental LLE data. The effectiveness of the extraction of polyhydric alcohols from water was evaluated using the solute distribution ratio and the selectivity. The extraction capability of [A336][SCN] was compared with that of other ILs. The results indicated that the [A336][SCN] was suitable for use as a solvent in (liquid + liquid) extraction of polyhydric alcohols from water.
Yaling Zhao,Deqing Zhao,Jingpeng He,Kaibin Ma,Jiatian Zhu,Jianrong Liu,Yongqi Zhang,Qinqin Xia,Ting Li
A lignin-first separation strategy can help improve the economic and environmental benefits of biorefinery. However, the self-condensation of lignin remains an insurmountable bottleneck in its isolation and valorization process. Therefore, the challenge of lignin separation is how to achieve a highly uncondensed lignin with high yield and high purity. In this work, we developed a ternary deep eutectic solvent (DES) based on polyhydric alcohols, which can be used to treat moso bamboo at 80–90 °C to obtain highly uncondensed lignin which is light-colored and highly active. The uncondensed lignin exhibits a high β-O-4 retention rate, up to 52.82/100Ar, accounting for 90.24% of the β-O-4 content in the raw material. At the same time, the maximum yield and purity of uncondensed lignin can reach 33.6% and 95.5%, respectively. Furthermore, through DFT theoretical calculations, we have proved that the lignin protection strategy by 1,2-propanediol is achieved by grafting the hydroxyl functional group to the α position of the benzylic carbocation intermediate, thus revealing the intrinsic mechanism by which polyol effectively blocks lignin condensation. The lignin-first fractionation strategy based on ternary deep eutectic solvents with polyhydric alcohols and Lewis acids overcomes the defects of lignin condensation that is inevitable during lignin separation and depolymerization. It obtains highly uncondensed lignin with high yield and high purity, and provides a new idea for biorefinery under the lignin-first separation strategy.
Inverse opal hydrogel films composed of hydroxyethyl 2-methacrylate and phenylboronic acid (IOHG HEMA+3APBA ) were prepared by a convenient ultrasonic-induced self-assembly method. The IOHG HEMA+3APBA films had brilliant blue-violet color when they were immersed in deionized water and reached swelling equilibrium. The IOHG HEMA+3APBA films were used as sensors to detect chemicals with similar structures. When the IOHG HEMA+3APBA films were in contact with different monosaccharide , polysaccharide or polyhydric alcohol solutions, their reflection peaks maxima ( λ max ) shifted over the entire visible wavelength range (520 to 780 nm). The red shift of λ max was related to the number of effective hydroxyl groups and the molecular size of the detected molecules. Thus isomers or organic compounds with similar structures or properties may induce different λ max shifts of the IOHG HEMA+3APBA films.
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