Jie Kang,Jiangyi Di,Hao Zhang,Yuting Hao,Yongqin Guo,Zixin Tian,Shuang Zhao
In this study, barley leaves were used as biomass precursor to prepare the ZnCl 2 activated barley leaves derived carbon by the carbonization under N 2 atmosphere at high temperature (ZnAC). The gold nanoparticles were synthesized in situ on the surface of ZnAC (AuNPs/ZnAC). The as-prepared AuNPs/ZnAC composite was characterized by SEM, Raman spectroscopy, XRD et. al. The AuNPs/ZnAC composite was drop-cast onto the surface of a glassy carbon electrode to fabricate an electrochemical sensing platform for the simultaneous determination of acetaminophen (AC) and levofloxacin (LEV). The results of electrochemical experiments showed that ZnAC and AuNPs had a synergetic electrocatalytic effect on the oxidation of AC and LEV. The oxidation peak potentials of AC and LEV were at 0.57 and 1.02 V, respectively. The proposed sensor allowed the simultaneous quantification of AC and LEV two linear intervals: in the ranges of 0.1–15 and 15–300 μM for AC and 0.1–20 and 20–300 μM for LEV with the detection limits of 0.02 and 0.03 μM, respectively. In addition, the sensor has the advantages of low cost, high sensitivity, simple preparation and environmental friendliness, as well as good selectivity, stability and reproducibility. We measured AC and LEV in artificial urine, tap water, and lake water, and the recoveries were between 93 % and 109 %, indicating that the sensor has good application prospects in biomedicine and environmental protection.
Hyperuricemia (HUA), characterized by abnormal serum uric acid (UA) levels, is recognized as an important risk factor for hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN), which is strongly linked to gut microbiota. This study investigated the protective effects and regulatory mechanisms of insoluble fiber from barley leaves (BL) against HN, induced by adenine (Ad) and potassium oxonate (PO). The results showed that BL dramatically reduced the levels of serum UA and creatinine (CR) and alleviated renal injury and fibrosis. Moreover, BL modulated oxidative stress and downregulated the expression of urate transporter 1 (URAT1) and glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) in the kidneys of mice with HN. In addition, the 16S rRNA sequence data showed that BL also increased the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria, includingBacteroides,Alloprevotella, andEisenbergiella. Besides, BL treatment also increased SCFAs levels. Of interest, the application of SCFAs in hyperuricemic mice effectively reduced their serum UA. Furthermore, SCFAs dose-dependently inhibited URAT1 and GLUT9 in vitro and potently interacted with URAT1 and GLUT9 in the docking analysis. When taken together, our results indicate that BL and its metabolite SCFAs may be potential candidates for relieving HUA or HN.Keywords:barley leaf;hyperuricemic nephropathy;gut microbiota;SCFAs;URAT1;GLUT9
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