Nanomaterials
·
2022
·Vol. 12
·期 7
·1063
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IF 5.719
Guannan Yang,Shaogen Luo,Tao Lai,Haiqi Lai,Bo Luo,Zebo Li,Yu Zhang,Chengqiang Cui
In this work, we developed an eco-friendly and facile microvia filling method by using printing and sintering of Cu-Ag core-shell nano-microparticles (Cu@Ag NMPs). Through a chemical reduction reaction in a modified silver ammonia solution with L-His complexing agent, Cu@Ag NMPs with compact and uniform Ag shells, excellent sphericity and oxidation resistance were synthesized. The as-synthesized Cu@Ag NMPs show superior microvia filling properties to Cu nanoparticles (NPs), Ag NPs, and Cu NMPs. By developing a dense refill method, the porosity of the sintered particles within the microvias was significantly reduced from ~30% to ~10%, and the electrical conductivity is increased about twenty-fold. Combing the Cu@Ag NMPs and the dense refill method, the microvias could obtain resistivities as low as 7.0 and 6.3 μΩ·cm under the sintering temperatures of 220 °C and 260 °C, respectively. The material and method in this study possess great potentials in advanced electronic applications.Keywords:Cu-Ag core-shell nano-microparticles;microvias;vertical interconnection;blind hole filling;sintering
研究领域:
材料科学
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电子工程
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2025
·
IF 8.2
Zhao-Yun Wang,Li-Xin Yu,Yu-Qing Feng,Lei Jin,Jia-Qiang Yang,Yi Zhao,Tao Song,DongPing Zhan,Daquan Yu,Fang-Zu Yang,Shi-Gang Sun
Leveler is the key additive for achieving microvia void-free filling in the high-density integration of electronic components for miniaturization, lightweighting, and intelligent development of electronic devices. Traditional organic levelers are mostly quaternary ammonium salts and nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. In this study, thiosemicarbazide (TA) and 1-phenyl 2-thiourea (PTA), which are the thioamino compounds with different substituents of amino and phenyl, are used for the first time as levelers for microvia filling in an acidic copper sulfate bath of Cu electroplating (Cu-EP). The results demonstrate that only the PTA, when used as the leveler in combination with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as the suppressor and bis(sodium sulfopropyl)-disulfide (SPS) as the accelerator, can achieve microvia void-free filling. Chronopotentiometric analyses reveal that both TA and PTA accelerate the reduction of cupric ions. The accelerator of SPS with TA synergistically enhances accelerating effect, while with PTA, it behaves with competitive adsorption to weaken this effect. The suppressor of PEG can cooperate with PTA to show a strong inhibiting effect on cupric ion reduction but presents competitive adsorption with TA, weakening the inhibiting effect of PEG. Under such complex interactions of these additives, it has been found that only the combination of PTA, SPS, and PEG exhibits convection-dependent adsorption behavior, which results in a more negative reduction potential of cupric ions at the mouth of the microvia than that at the bottom of the microvia, indicating a theoretical feasibility of achieving microvia void-free filling. Cyclic voltammetry experiments further demonstrate that the PTA can accelerate the reduction of cupric ions, but this acceleration effect is weakened by SPS due to competitive adsorption. PTA synergizes with PEG to greatly enhance the inhibiting effect on cupric ions reduction. According to electrochemical properties and interactions of the additives, the essence of the PTA-based acidic Cu sulfate bath for achieving microvia void-free filling is elucidated through electroplating simulations. When the three additives coexist, the adsorption coverage of PTA–PEG gradually decreases from the mouth to the bottom. As PTA–PEG exhibits a synergistic inhibition effect, such a gradient significantly inhibits Cu deposition at the mouth; simultaneously, the adsorption coverage of SPS, which behaves with an accelerating effect, gradually increases from the mouth to the bottom, facilitating the reduction of cupric ions at the bottom. The dual gradient effects enable the microvia void-free filling.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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电子器件
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表面工程
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2025
·
IF 2.8
Dongyu You,Dengyue Mao,Xiuhua Li,Yigang Yu
Exploring the interplay between side-chain structures of ionomers and “active” micro/nanoporous substrates, along with its impact on the structure and performance of composite membranes, is beneficial for developing high-performance anion exchange membranes (AEMs) for electrodialysis desalination. Herein, a series of tandem di-cation ionomers with hydrophobic alkyl side chains of varied lengths were synthesized, and pore-filled composite AEMs were developed using ultrathin microporous polyethylene (PE) as substrate. The structural and functional properties of these composites were systematically studied benchmarking with their ionomer membranes. The results reveal that space binding of pore walls restricts water uptake and swelling of conductive phases in composites with short side chains (≤ 6 carbons), leading to marginally enhanced mechanical strength and ion selectivity but slightly reduced conductivity. Pore-filling with longer side-chain ionomers induces interface-induced assembly, improving the interface connection between the ionomers and substrate. The space binding and interface-induced assembly collectively change the ionomer phase structures of composites. Notably, QPT-C18@PE with the longest hydrophobic side chains achieves exceptional performance including 95.45% current efficiency, high salt flux (81.02 mg m −2 s −1 ), low energy consumption (1.61 kWh kg −1 NaCl), and robust stability during electrodialysis. This work provides insights into designing advanced composite AEMs for efficient desalination applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境工程
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DOI
高影响因子
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
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2025
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IF 2.5
Mingjie Li,Xuesong Peng,Jie Jiang,Yaqiang Li,Fan Meng,Youzheng Wu,Maozhong An,Ruopeng Li,Penghui Ren,Peixia Yang
The void-free blind microvia copper electroplating process is a key technology in HDI PCB manufacturing. This work systematically studied the influence of the Acid Blue 1 (AB1) leveler on blind microvia filling. AB1 exhibits excellent suppression during electroplating, with its effect strengthening as the AB1 concentration increases. Chronopotentiometry was used to study the interaction among AB1, SPS, and PEG. There is a synergistic suppressing interaction between the new leveler AB1 and suppressor PEG, while there is competition between AB1 and accelerator SPS. During electrodeposition, AB1 can adsorb on the copper substrate to reduce active sites and suppress copper electrodeposition, based on theoretical studies and in situ infrared spectroscopy. At the optimized electroplating process, void-free microvia filling is achieved with 20 mg L−1 AB1 and successive electroplating confirms the stability of AB1. Based on diffusion differences among additives and the competition between AB1 and SPS, a gradient competitive adsorption superfilling mechanism was proposed to illustrate the filling process of the AB1–SPS–PEG system. AB1 is beneficial to improving flatness and lowering surface roughness of the copper layer, which is conducive to reducing signal losses during high-frequency transmission. Additionally, AB1 can modulate the preferential formation of Cu(111) and Cu(200) and facilitate grain refinement.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers
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2019
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IF 3.834
Jie Yang,Jiangdong Dai,Lulu Wang,Wenna Ge,Atian Xie,Jinsong He,Yongsheng Yan
The problem of tetracycline (TC) antibiotic pollution in aquatic environment has attracted wide attention and research. It is still meaningful to develop high-efficiency separation materials and investigate their adsorption behavior and mechanism. In this research, porous carbons were prepared using the renewable willow branches as carbon source, via pre-carbonization and alkali activation. The activation temperature and alkali usage played important roles in the pore structure, which was mainly microporous. The WBAC-850-4 obtained at 850 °C and alkali/biochar ratio of 4:1 exhibited the largest specific surface area (3342 m 2 /g) and total pore volume (1.912 cm 3 /g), displaying the ultrahigh TC adsorption capacity of 1300 mg/g at 298 K. which was higher than that of the reported TC-adsorbents. WBAC-850-4 kept high adsorption ability with a minor impact in the broad pH range of 3.0–8.0. Thermodynamic analysis implied the physisorption dominated the spontaneous adsorption process. The structure-activity relationship between the TC adsorption capacity and porosity properties was established for the first time. Notably, the adsorption capacity of TC had a positive linear correlation with specific surface area, total pore volume, micropore surface area and micropore pore volume, and the correlation coefficient were higher than 0.97. It was first revealed that micropore filling was the main mechanism for porous carbons to bind TC, which meaningfully provided new insight for designing advanced TC-adsorbents in future.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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DOI
高影响因子
Advanced Energy Materials
·
2018
·Vol. 8
·期 15
·1703217
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IF 21.875
Panxing Bai,Yongwu He,Xiaoxi Zou,Xinxin Zhao,Peixun Xiong,Yunhua Xu
Hard carbons (HCs) are the most promising candidate anode materials for emerging Na-ion batteries (NIBs). HCs are composed of misaligned graphene sheets with plentiful nanopores and defects, imparting a complex correlation between its structure and sodium-storage behavior. The currently debated mechanism of Na + -ion insertion in HCs hinders the development of high-performance NIBs. In this article, ingenious and reliable strategies are used to elaborate the correlation between the structure and electrochemical performance and further illuminate the sodium-storage mechanism in HCs. First, filling sulfur into the micropores of HCs can remove the low-voltage plateau, providing solid evidence for its association with the pore-filling mechanism. Along with the decreased concentration of defects/heteroatoms at higher treatment temperature, the reduced sloping capacity confirms the adsorption mechanism in the sloping region. Finally, the similar sodium-insertion behaviors of HCs with ether-based and ester-based electrolytes indicate that no Na + ions intercalate between the graphene layers. The determined adsorption-pore-filling mechanism encourages the design of more efficient HC anode materials with high capacity for high-energy NIBs.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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2024
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IF 4.1
Tao Song,Zhao-Yun Wang,Jia-Qiang Yang,Yi Zhao,Fang-Zu Yang,Dongping Zhan
A phosphorus-containing new compound of tributyl(hexyl)phosphonium chloride (TBHP), but not the commonly used nitrogen-containing heterocycles and quaternary ammonium salts, is successfully applied for the superconformal copper filling of microvia in acid sulfate electroplating bath for the application of electronic industry. The molecular interaction mechanisms of TBHP combined with suppressor (polyethylene glycol, PEG) and accelerator (bis-(sodium sulfopropyl)-disulfide, SPS) are investigated in detail. Galvanostatic measurements at platinum rotation disk electrode indicate that the leveler of TBHP among with the suppressor and accelerator behaves the key characters of inhibition and convection-dependent adsorption during copper ions electroreduction for the bottom-up filling of microvia. Cyclic voltammetry measurements and in-situ FTIR spectroscopy further reveal that TBHP synergistically interacts with the suppressor to inhibit copper ions electroreduction at the mouth of microvia; while TBHP competes for adsorption with the accelerator, behaving as TBHP gradually replaced by the accelerator at the bottom. Based on the sufficient theoretical supports, the practical copper electroplating is conducted for the verification of microvia void free filling. In the developed novel copper plating formula containing TBHP, PEG and SPS, the void free filling is successfully achieved and the filling percentage (FP) is high in 95.5%.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
·
2017
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IF 5.099
Kun Yang,Yuan Jiang,Jingjing Yang,Daohui Lin
Knowledge of adsorption behavior of organic contaminants on high heat temperature treated biochars is essential for application of biochars as adsorbents in wastewater treatment and soil remediation . In this study, isotherms of 25 aromatic compounds adsorption on biochars pyrolyzed at 700 °C from biomass including wood chips, rice straw, bamboo chips, cellulose, lignin and chitin were investigated to establish correlations between adsorption behavior and physicochemical properties of biochars. Isotherms were well fitted by Polanyi theory-based Dubinin-Ashtakhov (DA) model with three parameters, i.e., adsorption capacity ( Q 0 ) and adsorption affinity ( E and b ). Besides the negative correlation of Q 0 with molecular maximum cross-sectional areas ( σ ) of organic compounds, positive correlations of Q 0 with total pore volume ( V total ) and average diameter of micropore ( D ) of biochars were observed, indicating that adsorption by biochars is captured by the pore-filling mechanism with molecular sieving effect in biochar pores. Linear solvation energy relationships (LSERs) of adsorption affinity ( E ) with solvatochromic parameters of organic compounds (i. e., α m and π ∗ ) were established, suggesting that hydrophobic effect, π-π interaction and hydrogen-bonding interaction are the main forces responsible for adsorption. The regression coefficient ( π 1 ) and intercept ( C ) of obtained LSERs are correlated with biochar H/C and R micro , respectively, implying that biochars with higher aromaticity and more micropores have stronger π-π bonding potential and hydrophobic effect potential with aromatic molecule, respectively. However, hydrogen-bonding potential of biochars for organic molecules is not changed significantly with properties of biochars. A negative correlation of b with biochar H/C is also obtained. These correlations could be used to predict the adsorption behavior of organic compounds on high heat temperature treated biochars from various biomass for the application of biochars as sorbents and for the estimating of environmental risks of organic compounds in the present of biochars.
研究领域:
环境科学
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化学工程
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PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
·
2023
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IF 9.5
Baoying Wang,Junying Yan,Huangying Wang,Ruirui Li,Rong Fu,Chenxiao Jiang,Victor Nikonenko,Natalia Pismenskaya,Yaoming Wang,Tongwen Xu
The development of low-resistance ion-exchange membranes enabling fast transport of large-sized metallic anions is extremely desirable for the treatment of metal containing effluents using electrodialysis (ED). Herein, mechanically stable ionic liquid-based pore-filling anion-exchange membranes (PFAEMs) with excellent transport performance for large-sized metallic anions were fabricated by impregnating porous polytetrafluoroethylene with ionic liquid (IL) tricapryl(methyl) ammonium chloride, poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate and poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene). The superior compatibility between the ILs and polymeric chains ensured the stable existence of quaternary ammonium groups, thus enabling fast metallic anion migration along the continuous pathway in the membrane matrix at a low current density. The prepared PFAEM exhibited a dramatically greater flux of HCrO 4 − (90.7 μmol m −2 s −1 ), which was 9.5 and 4.4 times higher than the flagship commercial Neosepta@ASE and Neosepta@AMX membranes, respectively. The area resistance of PFAEM (3.4 Ω cm 2 ) was found to be 3.4 and 2.0 times lower than those of the Neosepta@ASE and Neosepta@AMX membranes, respectively. Besides, the preeminent transport performance of PFAEM to other metal coordination anions revealed the universality of the prepared membrane. Moreover, the extremely high limiting current density and satisfactory long-term stability of PFAEM manifested bright prospects for realizing efficient metal separation in industrial-scale applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境工程
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DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Materials Chemistry A
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2022
·Vol. 10
·期 47
·25212-25219
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IF 14.511
Jia-Nan Huang,Yu-Jie Dong,Hai-Bing Zhao,Hong-Yan Chen,Dai-Bin Kuang,Cheng-Yong Su
The severe photogenerated charge carrier recombination and the poor CO2 adsorption capacity are regarded as the two main factors impeding the photocatalytic CO2 reduction performances of metal halide perovskite (PVK) nanomaterials. Herein, a ternary CsPbBr3/Au/PCN-333(Al) hybrid featuring high CsPbBr3 nanocrystal loading, fast charge separation, and good CO2 uptake is designed and fabricated by using Al-based mesoporous metal–organic framework (MOF) particles to encapsulate CsPbBr3 and Au nanocrystals, for synergetic photocatalytic CO2 reduction. A vacuum-assisted pore-filling method is developed to facilitate the permeation of CsPbBr3 precursor solution into PCN-333(Al), which results in a high CsPbBr3 loading of >40 wt%. Detailed heterostructure and photoelectric property analysis reveal that well-dispersed CsPbBr3 and Au nanocrystals inside the MOF matrix can form close contact with each other, which can extract the photogenerated electrons of CsPbBr3 to Au, so as to effectively inhibit the charge recombination and accelerate the CO generation. As a result, the CsPbBr3/Au/PCN-333(Al) hybrid exhibits a significantly improved CO2 reduction performance with the photoelectron consumption yield (Relectron) being 11.5-fold higher than that of single CsPbBr3 nanocrystals and a 100% selectivity for CO. This study demonstrates a new way to design a high-quality PVK/MOF heterostructure catalyst, which may also find application in other photocatalytic reactions.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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环境科学
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光化学
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DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
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2022
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IF 7.968
Yinxue Li,Hongru Shang,Yongna Cao,Chunhui Yang,Yujie Feng,Yanling Yu
This study aimed to investigate the degree of contribution of adsorption mechanisms of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) on corncob - derived biochar CC800 through competition experiments. The SMX adsorption was governed by diverse mechanisms under different pH, resulting in high pH dependent adsorption of SMX on biochar. The adsorption of SMX on CC800 in the presence of ions was evaluated, demonstrating that the ion exchange mechanism had a weak effect on the adsorption. The intense competitiveness of SMX structural analogs verified π + –π electron donor-acceptor (EDA) effect was the dominant adsorption mechanism of SMX on CC800 at low pH, and the negative charge-assisted hydrogen bond (CAHB) was critical to the adsorption at high pH. The adsorption mechanisms contribution of SMX on CC800 were further quantified. The SMX adsorption on CC800 was mainly controlled by 51% pore filling and 43% π + –π EDA effect in the acid region, 62% pore filling mechanism and 25% (−)CAHB mechanism in the alkalic region, and less than 5% of hydrophobic interaction and ion exchange. Consequently, the above mechanisms provided a theoretical basis for biochar application to remove sulfonamide antibiotics and other similar organic contaminants and targeted design of biochar products. Also, this quantification method can be extended to quantify the adsorption mechanisms between other antibiotics or organics and biochar adsorbent materials by selecting suitable adsorption competitors.
研究领域:
环境科学
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化学工程
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水处理
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污染物去除
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DOI
高影响因子
WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION
·
2024
·Vol. 235
·期 2
·1-18
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IF 3.8
Deng Yu,Chen Jingfan,Xiao Zhidan,Liu Jiaying,Zhang Jie,Zhu Bingqi,You Xiaotong,Ni Fuquan,Ao Tianqi,Tan Yanping
N self-doped porous biochars (KBCs) were synthesized through high-temperature carbonization and KHCO 3 activation using chicken feathers as biomass. Subsequently, it was employed for the remediation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC)-contaminated water and soil. The properties of KBCs were analyzed by various characterization techniques. The results verified that KBC 800-2 exhibited outstanding specific surface area (1648.89 m 2 g −1 ) and pore volume (0.806 cm 3 g −1 ). The maximum adsorption capacity of KBC 800-2 for TC was 147.8 mg g −1 , which was superior to that of raw biochar (15.5 mg g −1 ). The results of pseudo-second-order and Freundlich indicated that the process was dominated by chemisorption. Moreover, the adsorption capacity of KBC 800-2 was stable over a wide pH range of 3–12 and high coexisting ionic strength. The consequences proved that the enhancement of pore filling effect and π-π electron interactions between TC and N self-doped adsorbent were the predominant driving forces to improve the adsorption efficiency of TC. Notably, compared to T50 (soil and 50 mg kg −1 TC), the properties of organic carbon, total nitrogen, and sucrase, urease, and catalase activities in TKBC 800-2 (soil, 50 mg kg −1 TC, and 2% KBC 800-2 ) were increased by 108.57%, 4.98%, 886.08%, 89.52%, and 78.08% respectively. KBC 800-2 as a low-cost and highly effective adsorbent for antibiotic pollution has enormous application potential. Graphical
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料工程
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化学工程
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污染修复
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吸附技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）