Microorganisms
·
2025
·Vol. 13
·期 2
·434
·
IF 4.2
Lanwen Zhang,Yongxia Li,Xiaojian Wen,Xuan Wang,Wei Zhang,Dongzhen Li,Yuqian Feng,Zhenkai Liu,Xingyao Zhang
Pine wilt disease (PWD), caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), is one of the most serious threats to pine forests worldwide. The fungusEsteya vermicola, with its lunate conidia capable of parasitizing the PWN, has shown promise as an efficient biological control agent against PWD. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) is preferred for large-scale applications in the field, as it facilitates microbial agent transport and ensures a long shelf life. However, research on enhancing the yield of lunate conidia fromE. vermicolathrough SSF is limited. In this study, we initially achieved a yield of 3.04 × 108conidia/g using a basic SSF medium composed of wheat bran, corn flour, and soybean flour. To improve this yield, we employed an orthogonal experimental design (OED) to identify the optimal medium composition, which required a wheat bran-to-corn flour-to soybean flour ratio of 7:2:1 (w/w/w), a substrate-to-water ratio of 1:0.7 (w/v), and the addition of 1.33% (w/w) glucose, 1.33% (w/w) yeast extract fermentation, and 1.33% (w/w) MgSO4. Using the response surface methodology (RSM), we calculated the optimal fermentation conditions, which were 24.9 °C, 78.0% relative humidity (RH), an inoculation volume of 16.3% (v/w), and a fermentation time of 7.1 days. Under these conditions, the yield of lunate conidia reached a maximum of 16.58 × 108conidia/g, a 4.45-fold increase after optimization. This study improved the yield ofE. vermicolalunate conidia and provides insights for developing biopesticides based on this strain.
研究领域:
植物病理学
·
微生物学
·
林业科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Integrative Agriculture
·
2024
·
IF 4.6
Zhen Liu,Ning Xu,Jumei Hou,Tong Liu
The nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC) is involved in various biological functions in eukaryotes which have been extensively studied in animals and plants, but its role in the biocontrol action of microorganisms needs to be better understood. In this study, we investigated the function of TbNACα , one of the subunits of NAC, in the biocontrol activity of Trichoderma breve T069 against Sclerotium rolfsii . The TbNACα gene was deleted from T. breve T069, and the Δ TbNACα mutant showed significantly reduced mycelial growth, spore production, and spore germination. Additionally, volatile substances from Δ TbNACα had no significant effect on S. rolfsii , while non-volatile substances significantly inhibited the growth of S. rolfsii . Transcriptome sequencing results showed that compared to wild-type T069, the Δ TbNACα mutant had 3,398 differentially expressed genes, mainly regulating the expression of genes related to secondary metabolite biosynthetic enzymes, hydrolases, and membrane transport proteins. Untargeted metabolomics identified 50 upregulated metabolites (27 in positive ion mode and 23 in negative ion mode) in crude extracts from Δ TbNACα mutant metabolite broth. Moreover, the metabolic substances of ethyl caffeate had the strongest activity against S. rolfsii , with an EC 50 of 107.15 μg·mL -1 . Quantitative Real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis revealed that genes involved in the ethyl caffeate synthesis pathway were significantly upregulated in Δ TbNACα strains. This study provides a basis for the negative regulation of ethyl caffeate synthesis and elucidates the antagonistic inhibition mechanism of TbNACα in T. breve T069.
研究领域:
微生物学
·
分子生物学
·
植物病理学
·
生物化学
·
基因组学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 6.4
Huaiyu Zhang,Yueli Zhou,Yue Yang,Lunaike Zhao,Hongbo Li,Lijie Long,Junjie Wang,Xuyan Wu,Zhao-Jun Wei
Alternaria alternata , a common fungal pathogen causes black mold in postharvest goji fruit. To explore the in vitro and in vivo impacts of linalool on the fungal infection, we treated A. alternata and infected goji fruit with varying linalool concentrations (0, 0.15, 0.45, and 1.35 mL L −1 ). Linalool repressed hypha growth, spore yield and germination, and germ tube length of A. alternata . Furthermore, we observed abnormal spore and mycelium morphology in the treated samples using optical, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy. Linalool reduced lesion diameter and disease incidence in goji fruit. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis of pathogen revealed that linalool inhibited nitrogen metabolism, altered chitin and β -1,3-glucan metabolisms, downregulated the key gene expression related to ergosterol synthesis and sulfur and glutathione metabolisms, regulated the enzymatic antioxidant system, and impacted the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, linalool damaged the fungal cell wall integrity by inducing alkaline phosphatase and chitinase activities and β -1,3-glucan content and repressing β -1,3-glucanase and chitin synthase activities and chitin levels. Linalool elevated superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and declined peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities and glutathione content in A. alternata , leading to increased H 2 O 2 levels and ROS stress. Our data exhibited the promising antifungal effects of linalool with a future application in management of the postharvest rot of goji fruit.
研究领域:
植物病理学
·
真菌学
·
食品科学
·
分子生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
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