JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY
·
2019
·Vol. 112
·期 5
·2142-2148
·
IF 1.779
Tian Jun-Ce,Chen Yang,Shelton Anthony M,Zheng Xu-Song,Xu Hong-Xing,Lu Zhong-Xian
Most adult parasitoids depend on carbohydrate-rich food as an energy source for longevity, fecundity, and mobility. Thus, providing sugars has been proposed as a technique to maximize the biological control efficacy of parasitoids. However, the sugars provided for parasitoids need to be carefully selected because herbivore hosts might also benefit. Here we explore the effects of 12 naturally occurring sugars on the longevity and fecundity of the rice pest, Chilo suppressalis, and the longevity of its parasitoid, Cotesia chilonis, as well as the effect of sugars on sugar consumption of C. chilonis. Results showed that none of the tested sugars significantly impacted the longevity of C. suppressalis, but fructose, glucose, maltose, and sucrose significantly increased its fecundity. The longevity of C. chilonis was significantly increased when fed fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose, trehalose, and melezitose. Our data suggest that C. chilonis consumed larger quantities of glucose, fructose, and sucrose followed by maltose, melezitose, and trehalose and the longevity of C. chilonis was positively correlated to sugar consumption. Our data also suggest that the herbivore C. suppressalis and its parasitoid C. chilonis responded differently to trehalose and melezitose. Although additional studies are needed, our data suggest that these sugars could be considered as candidate components for sugar sprays to enhance the activity and efficacy of C. chilonis, but without benefiting its pest host.
研究领域:
昆虫学
·
生态学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH
·
2018
·Vol. 109
·期 2
·248-256
·
IF 1.721
E. Meng,J. Li,B. Tang,Y. Hu,T. Qiao,Y. Hou,Y. Lin,J. Li,Z. Chen
Although parasites and microbial pathogens are both detrimental to insects, little information is currently available on the mechanism involved in how parasitized hosts balance their immune responses to defend against microbial infections. We addressed this in the present study by comparing the immune response between unparasitized and parasitized pupae of the chrysomelid beetle, Octodonta nipae (Maulik), to Escherichia coli invasion. In an in vivo survival assay, a markedly reduced number of E. coli colony-forming units per microliter was detected in parasitized pupae at 12 and 24 h post-parasitism, together with decreased phagocytosis and enhanced bactericidal activity at 12 h post-parasitism. The effects that parasitism had on the mRNA expression level of selected antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of O. nipae pupae showed that nearly all transcripts of AMPs examined were highly upregulated during the early and late parasitism stages except defensin 2B, whose mRNA expression level was downregulated at 24 h post-parasitism. Further elucidation on the main maternal fluids responsible for alteration of the primary immune response against E. coli showed that ovarian fluid increased phagocytosis at 48 h post-injection. These results indicated that the enhanced degradation of E. coli in parasitized pupae resulted mainly from the elevated bactericidal activity without observing the increased transcripts of target AMPs. This study contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the immune responses of a parasitized host to bacterial infections.
研究领域:
昆虫学
·
免疫学
·
微生物学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Scientific Reports
·
2015
·Vol. 5
·期 1
·1-10
·
IF 5.578
Liu Qingsong,Romeis Jörg,Yu Huilin,Zhang Yongjun,Li Yunhe,Peng Yufa
We determined whether plant volatiles help explain why Cotesia chilonis (a parasitoid of the target pest Chilo suppressalis ) is less abundant in Bt than in non- Bt rice fields. Olfactometer studies revealed that C. chilonis females responded similarly to undamaged Bt and non- Bt rice plants. Parasitoids preferred rice plants damaged by 3 rd -instar larvae of C. suppressalis, but did not differentiate between caterpillar-infested Bt and non- Bt plants. According to GC-MS analyses of rice plant volatiles, undamaged Bt and non- Bt rice plants emitted the same number of volatile compounds and there were no significant differences in the quantity of each volatile compound between the treatments. When plants were infested with and damaged by C. suppressalis larvae, both Bt and non- Bt rice plants emitted higher numbers and larger amounts of volatile compounds than undamaged plants, but there were no significant differences between Bt and non- Bt plants. These results demonstrate that the volatile-mediated interactions of rice plants with the parasitoid C. chilonis were not disrupted by the genetic engineering of the plants. We infer that parasitoid numbers are lower in Bt than in non- Bt fields because damage and volatile induction by C. suppressalis larvae are greatly reduced in Bt fields.
研究领域:
昆虫学
·
植物学
·
农业生态学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE
·
2021
·Vol. 21
·期 1
·
IF 1.857
Sheng Sheng,Wang Jiao,Zhang Xiao-rui,Liu Zhi-xiang,Yan Meng-wen,Shao Ying,Zhou Jin-cheng,Wu Fu-an,Wang Jun
Insecticides can have consequences for beneficial arthropods. Insect parasitoids can contact insecticides through direct exposure spray droplets or residues on crop foliage. Here, we focus on better understand the response of Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmael), a parasitoid wasp of lepidopteran pests, and its detoxification mechanisms on stress caused by phoxim and cypermethrin. Hence, we determined the dose–mortality curves and estimating the sublethal concentrations (LC30 and LC50). Then, we applied the sublethal concentrations against adult parasitoids to assess its survival, parasitism efficacy, and also developmental and morphometric parameters of their offspring. Simultaneously, we check the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and peroxidase (POD) after sublethal exposure of both insecticides, which has measured until 48 h after treatment. Overall, phoxim and cypermethrin exhibited acute lethal activity toward the parasitoid with LC50 values 4.608 and 8.570 mg/liter, respectively. Also, we detect that LC30 was able to trigger the enzymatic activity of GST, AChE, and POD, suggesting a potential detoxification mechanism. However, even when subjected to sublethal exposure, our results indicate strong negatives effects, in particular for phoxim, which has affected the parasitism efficacy and also the developmental and morphometric parameters of M. pulchricornis offspring. Therefore, it can be concluded that both phoxim and cypermethrin have negative impacts on M. pulchricornis and we suggest cautioning their use and the need for semifield and field assessments to confirm such an impact.
研究领域:
昆虫学
·
生态毒理学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
·
2023
·Vol. 79
·期 11
·4547-4556
·
IF 4.1
Lina Pan,Wenfang Gao,Xinyu Liu,Dongyu Qin,Tiantian Zhang,Rui Ren,Weiyi Zhang,Meidi Sun,Cuiqing Gao,Penghua Bai,Wei You,Gengping Zhu,Min Li
BACKGROUND How parasitoids distinguish hosts from non-hosts remains an unknown question. Chouioia cunea Yang (Eulophidae) is an important fall webworm parasitoid that attacks many forest and agricultural pests. To study the differences in the chemical clues used by C. cunea to distinguish host and non-host plants, we used gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to identify volatile compounds of two C. cunea hosts ( Hyphantria cunea and Helicoverpa armigera ) and two non-hosts ( Spodoptera exigua and Spodoptera frugiperda ). Additionally, we used behavioral assays to compare the attraction of C. cunea to various compounds. RESULTS The two natural host species were more attractive than the two non-host species, in the following order: Hyphantria cunea > Helicoverpa armigera > S. exigua = S. frugiperda . The pupae of the natural hosts contained 1-dodecene, which was not produced by the two natural non-hosts. When the ‘attractants’ based on the difference between the species-specific blend emitted by pupae and the optimal blend were sprayed onto the natural non-host pupae, they significantly improved the attraction of C. cunea to the non-host pupae. CONCLUSION These results revealed that specific host-produced volatile compounds guide C. cunea to distinguish between natural hosts and non-hosts. Overall, this study provides a foundation for developing a behavior-modifying strategy to re-direct C. cunea attacks to control important non-host pests. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
研究领域:
昆虫学
·
化学生态学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
BIOLOGIA
·
2023
·
IF 1.5
Guo Yu,Guo Xian-Guo,Song Wen-Yu,Lv Yan,Yin Peng-Wu,Jin Dao-Chao
Chiggers are a group of ectoparasites and they are the vector of scrub typhus. Although the Ryukyu mouse ( Mus caroli ) is a common species of rodent in some outdoor habitats, few studies are about the mouse itself and its ectoparasites. To date, there has been no specific report on chiggers of M. caroli . Based on the field investigation in southwest China from 2001 to 2019, this paper reported the infestation and distribution of chiggers on M. caroli for the first time. Among the 91 sites investigated, 263 Ryukyu mice were captured at 18 sites, and 678 chiggers were collected from the mice. The collected chiggers were identified to be one family, two subfamilies, six genera, and 16 species with relatively low species diversity. The overall infestation prevalence ( P M ), mean abundance ( MA ), and mean intensity ( MI ) were P M = 27.38%, MA = 2.58 chiggers/per mouse, and MI = 9.42 chiggers/per mouse respectively. The dominant chigger species are Walchia ewingi and W. micropelta with a total constituent ratio of C r = 94.10% (638/678), and they were of aggregated distribution among different individuals of the host M. caroli . The distribution of two dominant chigger species seemed to be mutually independent with the association coefficient V ≈ 0 ( p < 0.001). The infestation ( P M , MA , and MI ) of M. caroli with chiggers greatly fluctuated in different geographical landscapes, altitudes, and latitudes with an obvious environmental heterogeneity. The male and adult M. caroli harbored much more chigger mites with significantly higher infestations ( P M , MA and MI ) than the female and juvenile mice. The theoretical curve of species abundance distribution of the chigger mite community on M. caroli was fitted by Preston lognormal distribution model with fitting goodness R 2 = 0.77. Based on the iChao 1 formula, the expected total number of chigger species on the mice was estimated to be 24 species.
研究领域:
医学昆虫学
·
寄生虫学
·
生态学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
·
2019
·Vol. 76
·期 5
·1920-1928
·
IF 3.255
Min Li,Yixin Yang,Yonghong Yao,Weifang Xiang,Jiayi Han,Yonghui Wang,Penghua Bai,Jing Wang,Gengping Zhu,Liang Man,Fan Zhang,Lina Pan
BACKGROUND Chouioia cunea Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a parasitic wasp and natural enemy of several lepidopteran pests during their pupal stage. The volatiles from pupae of three hosts, Hyphantria cunea (Arctiidae), Antheraea pernyi (Saturniidae) and Lymantria dispar (Erebidae), were analyzed and compared to elucidate the chemical cues used by C. cunea to locate its hosts. RESULTS The attraction of C. cunea to H. cunea pupae has no obvious association with the types of plant leaves consumed by H. cunea before pupation. C. cunea exhibited the strongest attraction to the pupae of H. cunea , followed by those of A. pernyi and L. dispar based on behavioral experiments. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and GC-electroantennography (GC-EAD) analyses showed that these three host pupae consisted of essentially the same active volatile components but at different relative amounts. Active components derived from these pupae by GC-EAD were alkanes from C12 to C27, and C. cunea showed different levels of attraction to different single compounds. CONCLUSION Host location by C. cunea primarily depends on common compounds emanating from the pupae of several host species. The relative amount of each component varies across host species, guiding host preferences by C. cunea . Optimal blends of several components were identified. Understanding the chemical cues used by C. cunea to locate its host could increase the possibility of developing attractants for parasitic wasps and subsequently increasing the parasitism rate of C. cunea on various hosts. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
研究领域:
昆虫学
·
化学生态学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA
·
2018
·Vol. 166
·期 6
·483-490
·
IF 1.454
Guofeng Mao,Jiaxin Tian,Ting Li,Hatem Fouad,Hassan Ga'al,Jianchu Mo
The attraction of parasitoids to their hosts is a key issue in efforts to enhance biological control efficiency. This study was conducted to identify which rice plant volatiles are attractive to females of the rice planthopper egg parasitoid Anagrus nilaparvatae Pang et Wang (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) by using Y-tube olfactometer behavior assays. Our results demonstrated that 10 of 17 selected volatiles – that is, 3-carene, linalool oxide, linalool, benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, methyl salicylate, ( E )-2-hexenal, ( E )-2-hexen-1-ol, ( E )-3-hexen-1-ol, and hexanal – from three major groups of rice plant volatiles – terpenoids, aromatic compounds, fatty acid derivatives – attracted female A. nilaparvatae at various doses. Two full-component mixtures of 10 behaviorally active compounds at different ratios were more attractive to wasps compared with individual volatiles. Blends composed of the 10 behaviorally active compounds in their optimally attractive doses (i.e., each in the dose that elicited the strongest response in the wasps) or at equal mass ratio may be considered as attractants for A. nilaparvatae and thus help to control rice planthoppers.
研究领域:
昆虫学
·
植物保护
·
生态学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
EUROPEAN FOOD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2014
·Vol. 240
·期 3
·627-634
·
IF 1.387
Ma Huihui,Zhang Niya,Sun Lvhui,Qi Desheng
Aflatoxin contamination levels vary from crop to crop, suggesting that it is of great significance to explore the effects of different substrates on aflatoxins production. In this study, the effects of corn, wheat, peanut, and soybean on aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) production by Aspergillus parasiticus were investigated, and the effects of corn germ, wheat germ, soybean, and peanut oils on the production of AFB 1 by A . parasiticus in the corresponding defatted substrates were evaluated at the rates of 2, 5, 10, and 15 g/100 g of substrate. The effects of the combinations of different oils with different defatted substrates on the accumulation of AFB 1 by A . parasiticus were also studied. AFB 1 concentration was determined by HPLC. The results indicated that high-lipid substrates of soybean and peanut had significantly higher AFB 1 production than low-fat substrates of wheat and corn throughout the entire incubation period (15 days) in both autoclaved and non-autoclaved grains. Corn germ, wheat germ, soybean, and peanut oils with different doses could effectively stimulate AFB 1 accumulation, and AFB 1 production was determined by the oil content of the substrates. Our results suggest that the oil content of substrates is one of the factors affecting AFB 1 production by A . parasiticus and that the composition and content of the substrates may also play a role.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
微生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Insects
·
2021
·Vol. 12
·期 7
·651
·
IF 2.769
Xiaorong Xing,Mengwen Yan,Huilin Pang,Fu’an Wu,Jun Wang,Sheng Sheng
Simple SummaryP450s are involved in the detoxification process in insects; however, less attention has been paid for their roles in parasitoid wasps. Here, we identified 28 P450s from the previous constructed transcriptome dataset ofMeteorus pulchricornisand validated their expression patterns under insecticides exposure. Furthermore, we silencedCYP369B3in adult wasps and demonstrated that the knocking downCYP369B3significantly increased of the mortality of adult wasps when they were exposed to each chemical insecticide, phoxim, cypermethrin, and chlorfenapyr, respectively. The present study provides a theoretical base for functional research on P450 genes in parasitoid wasps.AbstractWith the widespread application of insecticides, parasitoid wasps may also be under risk when exposed to insecticides directly at their free-living stages. The endoparasitoid waspMeteorus pulchricornisis the predominant natural enemy of many lepidopteran pests, such asSpodoptera lituraandHelicoverpa armigera. The cytochrome P450 monooxygenases constitute a ubiquitous and complex superfamily of hydrophobic, haem-containing enzymes. P450s are involved in the detoxification of many xenobiotics. However, their exact roles in the tolerance mechanism in parasitoids toward insecticides has received less attention. Here, 28 P450 genes inM. pulchricorniswere identified from a previously constructed transcriptome dataset. These P450 genes belonged to CYP2, -3, and -4, and mitochondrial clans. Subsequently, eight candidateMpulCYPswere selected from four CYP clans to validate their expression patterns under phoxim, cypermethrin, and chlorfenapyr exposure by qRT-PCR. The results showed that all three insecticides had significant effects on the expression ofMpulCYPs. To further study the function of P450s,CYP369B3was silenced, and its expression levels ofCYP369B3were significantly decreased. Survival analysis indicated that after dsRNA injection, the mortality rate of wasps was significantly increased whenM. pulchricornisfemales were exposed to insecticides compared to control groups. Our findings provide a theoretical base for elucidating the mechanism of insecticide tolerance and promote functional research on P450 genes in parasitoid wasps.Keywords:Meteorus pulchricornis;cytochrome P450s;detoxification;insecticide tolerance
研究领域:
昆虫学
·
分子生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY
·
2021
·
IF 3.981
Wenfeng Li,Yi Zhang,Hui Peng,Ruonan Zhang,Zhengwei Wang,Zachary Y. Huang,Yan Ping Chen,Richou Han
Honey bees ( Apis ) are important pollinators for food crops and wild plants, but are facing great threats from pathogens and parasites, especially an obligate ectoparasitic mite, Varroa destructor . Cell invasion is a key step for V. destructor to reproduce, and the parasite displays remarkable host preference in this process. Varroa destructor made its host-shift from its original host, the Asian honey bee Apis cerana, to the new host, the European honey bee Apis mellifera several decades ago. However, it remains largely unstudied whether V. destructor shows a cell invasion preference between the two host species. Using cell invasion bioassays on a modified four-well arena, we showed that V. destructor significantly preferred to invade the worker and drone larvae of A. mellifera rather than A. cerana , suggesting that the new host is much more attractive to the parasite than the original one. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), we revealed significant differences between the cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles of worker and drone larvae of the two bee hosts. The amounts of methyl-branched alkanes and alkenes (unsaturated CHCs), but not n -alkanes, were significantly different, and A. mellifera worker and drone larvae were found to express significantly higher amounts of methyl-alkanes, while A. cerana larvae produced higher amounts of alkenes. Cell invasion bioassays with glass dummies showed that the mites preferred the glass dummies coated with the CHCs of A. mellifera worker or drone larvae, which indicates a role of larval CHCs in mediating the preferential cell invasion of Varroa . The findings from this study extend our understanding of the host preference of V. destructor , and can potentially contribute to the development of effective strategies for mite control.
研究领域:
昆虫学
·
化学生态学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ACTA TROPICA
·
2025
·
IF 2.5
Haoshen Wen,Yawei Li,Jiayi Luo,Wenhe Zhu,Geoff Hide,Xianmin Feng,Zhao-Rong Lun,De-Hua Lai
Malaria is still one of the most important parasitic diseases with millions of cases reported globally every year. Combination therapies of artemisinin or its derivatives, with a partner drug, are the first-and second-line treatments for malaria. However, recently, artemisinin partial resistance or tolerance has emerged and emphasizes the need for new therapeutic approaches to malaria. For example, the encapsulation of artemisinin and its derivatives within nanoparticles offers a highly promising potential approach to improved therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we investigated the effects of this using artesunate, dihydroartemisinin and artemisinin. These drugs were captured in nanoparticles of zinc-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and tested on Plasmodium berghei clearance in a heavy-parasite-load mouse model. Results showed that the dosage of 16 mg/kg artesunate nanoparticles, with three injections over a 24 hr interval, had a significantly improved effect on parasite clearance and combatting the occurrence of hyperparasitaemia (parasitaemia ≥ 5%). However, the same dosage regime, over a 12 hr interval, only delayed the occurrence of hyperparasitaemia. Using a 4-injection regime over 24 hr, both 10mg/kg dihydroartemisinin nanoparticles and artemisinin nanoparticles showed stronger parasite clearance than the control non-encapsulated artemisinin at the same dose. These findings not only pose opportunities for novel malaria therapeutic approaches against hyperparasitaemia but also indicate a bright future for using nanoparticles for drug development in parasitic protozoa.
研究领域:
寄生虫学
·
药理学
·
纳米技术
·
传染病学
·
药物递送系统
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）