JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
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2024
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IF 8.4
Jingjing Zhang,Runan Shao,Tongxin Yin,Dongrui Chu,Xiaojuan Zhang,Nanwen Li,Lei Liu
In designing comb-shaped anion exchange membranes (AEMs), replacing alkyl side chains with ethylene glycol (EG)-based ones significantly enhances membrane properties and boosts AEM fuel cell performance. Although much research has focused on optimizing the placement of EG segments within the polymer matrix, the effect of EG chain length remains less explored. In this work, a series of poly(terphenyl piperidinium) AEMs with N -oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) terminal pendants having two to five EG repeating units were prepared by simple post-polymerization quaternization. The membrane properties showed a strong correlation with the length of the OEG side chains, influenced by both chemical composition and phase behavior. Among the OEG-grafted AEMs, PTP-OEG3 with moderate three EG repeating units, exhibited the best properties due to a careful balance between EG and cationic groups, leading to a favorable microphased separation. It achieved high hydroxide conductivity (114 mS cm −1 at 80 °C in water), robust mechanical strength (tensile strength >52 MPa), and good ex situ alkaline stability. As a result, the AEM fuel cells with the property-balanced PTP-OEG3 membrane achieved the highest peak power density of 976 mW cm −2 . The in situ stability of these AEMs was also investigated. Evidently, understanding the optimal EG side chain length is an important criterion for designing AEM materials for alkaline fuel cells.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源技术
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化学工程
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
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2024
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IF 8.4
Yijia Lei,Jialin Zhao,Jian Gao,Jingyi Wu,Na Li,Xiaoyu Chi,Yan Wang,Yiman Gu,Zhe Wang
Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) are gradually becoming the focus of sustainable hydrogen energy research due to the advantages of clean by-products, faster oxidation-reduction dynamics and allowing cheap platinum-free base materials. As the key components of AEMFCs, anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are required to have high ionic conductivity and dimensional stability. This study focused on the design and preparation of branched AEMs for AEMFCs. The b-PTIN-x membranes were generated by incorporating 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene (TPB) units into rigid poly(p-terphenyl isatin) (PTI) polymer backbones. This innovative approach aimed to induce microphase separation structures by exploiting TPB with high FFV, as well as to enhance the tensile strength of AEMs with the help of branched structures. SAXS and AFM images revealed that the AEMs achieved enhanced microphase separation structures, resulting in the formation of ion transport channels with dimensions in the range of a few nanometers (3.36–3.70 nm). The branched b-PTIN-11 membranes displayed significant OH − conductivity (153.9 mS cm −1 at 80 °C) while having a low ion exchange capacity (IEC) (1.73 mmol g −1 ). The b-PTIN-11 membranes displayed improved tensile strength (56.69 MPa) and exceptional dimensional stability, with swelling ratio (SR) of 18.5 % at 80 °C. They also showed great chemical stability with 89.64 % conductivity remaining, lasting for more than 1200 h in 3 M NaOH solution at 80 °C. Ultimately, the b-PTIN-11 membrane underwent testing to evaluate its performance in a fuel cell using H 2 –O 2 . It demonstrated a peak power density (PPD) of 566 mW cm −2 when subjected to a current density of 1339 mA cm −2 .
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源研究
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
·
2023
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IF 9.5
Ying Jie Liu,Wei Ting Gao,Ai Mei Zhu,Qiu Gen Zhang,Qing Lin Liu
Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are the core component of anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs), among which poly(aryl piperidinium) (PAP) based AEMs have been studied. Herein, we report some scalable di-piperidinium cationic crosslinkers to enhance the mechanical properties , ionic conductivity and alkaline stability of PAP-based AEMs. The results show that the morphology of AEMs can be affected by adjusting the length of crosslinker. PTP-DPC/C6-50% shows a high OH − conductivity (80 °C, 131.2 mS cm −1 ) due to its microphase separation . It also has excellent elongation at break (20.8%) and tensile strength (36.5 MPa). The peak power density of the PTP-DPC/C6-50% based cell can reach 616.2 mW cm −2 under H 2 –O 2 conditions. The crosslinked network formed by long alkyl spacer chains is helpful to improve the alkaline stability of the AEM. After alkaline stability test, the conductivity of the PTP-DPC/C10-50% membrane maintained at 92.2%.
研究领域:
材料科学
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燃料电池技术
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
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2025
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IF 9
Meng-Long Liu,Tao Zhou,Xu Han,Yan-Hong Shen,Ying-Yu Song,Yong Wu,Ying Gao,Wen-Wen He
High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) usually show some obvious advantages like higher energy efficiency, cheaper hydrogen purification cost and simpler heat/water management systems. Design and synthesis of high-performance high-temperature proton exchange membranes (HT-PEMs) with excellent proton conductivity meanwhile enhanced mechanical properties still remain a huge challenge in HT-PEMFCs field. Herein, we designed and prepared a new proton conductor HPW@MOF-808. Subsequently, HPW@MOF-808 has been doped into poly(terphenyl piperidine) (PTP) polymer and some exceptionally well HT-PEMs have been prepared. Thanks to the transformation from zirconium-oxygen clusters of MOF-808 to ZrP 2 O 7 , the composite membranes show higher proton conduction and greater tensile strength. The PTP-2PM has a peak power density of 861.5 mW cm -2 , making it a promising candidate for HT-PEMFCs. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that ZrP 2 O 7 has stronger hydrogen bonds interactions with the main chain, leading to a denser hydrogen bonding network within the membrane and can effectively limit the separation of the membrane backbone. Moreover, the regular arrangement of HPW help to construct an additional proton transfer channel. In this work, a novel inorganic filler for HT-PEMs is proposed, it offers a fresh approach to developing high-performance HT-PEMs.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源工程
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化学工程
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高影响因子
ACS Applied Energy Materials
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2021
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IF 6.024
Tuo Zhao,Chuan Long,Zhiqian Wang,Hong Zhu
As a key component of anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs), anion exchange membranes (AEMs) have been investigated in the last decades. Herein, a series of multication cross-linkers were introduced into side-chain-type poly(p-terphenyl isatin) to develop high-performance and long-term stable AEMs. Additionally, the effects of the hydrophilic cross-linker length on the membrane performance were systematically investigated. The resulting cross-linked membranes possess a low swelling ratio (<18% at 80 °C) and high tensile strength (51.1–58.3 MPa). Notably, the cross-linker length influences the AEM internal morphology. With hexyl as the spacer between backbones and cation groups in the cross-linker, 0.9q-PTI-6C exhibits the highest hydroxide ion conductivity of 118.5 mS/cm at 80 °C, which is ascribed to well-developed ion channels. Furthermore, alkyl spacer chains and cross-linked networks contribute to the excellent alkali stability of membranes. After immersion in 2 M NaOH for 1200 h at 80 °C, 0.9q-PTI-8C only shows 11 and 12.7% losses in ion conductivity and ion exchange capacity (IEC), respectively. The fuel cell fabricated using 0.9q-PTI-6C can achieve the maximum power density of 310 mW/cm2 at 80 °C.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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能源技术
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高影响因子
ACS Energy Letters
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2025
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IF 18.2
Hongyang Li,Xiaopeng Zhang,Meimei Zhu,Dongwen Zou,Jingyan Liu,Meili Xu,Yaowu He,Hong Meng
All-solid-state electrochromic devices (ECDs) demonstrate significant potential for smart window applications through the voltage-regulated modulation of solar radiation transmittance. Current implementations remain constrained by insufficient optical contrast, resulting in suboptimal solar heat gain coefficients. In this study, we present a molecular engineering approach utilizing p-terphenyl to develop transparent-to-blank transmissive electrochromic polymers (ECPs) with enhanced optical performance, creating ECDs with decent optical contrast and switching speed. Structural modification through terphenyl incorporation induces substantial bandgap enlargement in the polymeric system, thereby enhancing optical transparency in the neutral state. The optimized PTPA-TP derivatives exhibit superior performance characteristics, achieving an integrated optical contrast ratio of 88.2% across the visible spectrum with peak modulation of 90.6% at 508 nm. Notably, the device demonstrates exceptional switching kinetics with coloration and bleaching times of 1.6 and 2.0 s, respectively, resulting from expanded interplanar spacing that facilitates efficient ion transport. In simulations assessing building energy savings, the PTPA-TP smart window is projected to save between 9.8% and 16.6% of the total annual energy in nine cities with diverse climates, with a notable saving of 5.97 kWh per year in Xiamen. These findings underscore the potential for PTPA-TP as a promising candidate for next-generation electrochromic smart windows, paving the way for energy-efficient and sustainable building designs.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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建筑技术
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光学
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能源效率
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高分子科学
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DOI
高影响因子
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
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2025
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IF 7.3
Wenjing Li,Jinsheng Li,Youze Zeng,Dong Pan,Rina Sa,Xue Wang,Meiling Xiao,Zhe Wang,Jianbing Zhu
This study focused on enhancing the performance of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) in water electrolysis applications. Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) is a crucial technology for hydrogen production, but its performance is largely determined by the key materials of the AEMs. We developed a new filler and incorporated it into poly(terphenyl piperidinium) (PTP) to address the key challenges in AEM properties, such as ion conductivity and long-term stability. The resultant composite membranes exhibited improved ionic conductivity (128.8 mS cm–1, 80 °C), enhanced resistance to swelling (<8%), and excellent alkaline stability (more than 2160 h, 60 °C in 1 M KOH). Additionally, surface modification of the filler enhanced its compatibility with the polymer matrix, thereby preventing the filler from compromising the mechanical properties of the AEMs and promoting long-term stability. Notably, the AEMWE achieved a high water electrolysis performance (2.3 A cm–2 at 2 V, 80 °C) and remarkable durability (1300 h at 0.5 A cm–2, 60 °C). Overall, this research presented a promising strategy for AEM design and applications in hydrogen production through water electrolysis.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源工程
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电化学
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氢能
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高分子化学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
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2025
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IF 7.9
Shuanglong Xiao,Yang Zhang,Fan Zhang,Lulu Wang,Shaoji Wang,Shiwen Zhang,Lingzhi Xiong,Jilin Wang
Poly(p-terphenylene quinuclidinium) anion exchange membranes (AEMs) have remarkable chemical stability. However, their application in anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) is limited by the low conductivity resulting from poor ion mobility. In this study, novel poly(p-terphenylene quinuclidinium) polymers grafted with piperidinium suspended at the end of a long flexible alkyl side-chain are designed to prepare AEMs with both high conductivity and stability. The microphase separation morphology can be optimized by modulating the length of the flexible piperidinium side chains. Quaternary ammonium poly(p-terphenylene quinuclidinium) grafted with (6-bromoalkyl)-1-methylpiperidine (QPPTQ-6-Pip) has the most pronounced microphase separation structure, with higher water uptake (110.7 %), and thus the highest conductivity (194.7 mS cm −1 ) at 80 °C. Multi-carbon quinuclidinium's hydrophobicity suppresses swelling (48.4 %, 80 °C), which in combination with the microphase separation results in excellent alkaline stability of the membrane (retained 91.6 % at 80 °C after 1680 h immersion in 1 M NaOH). In addition, the side-chain length modulation enables QPPTQ-6-Pip to have excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength: 52.8 MPa, elongation at break: 21.5 %), thus allowing for application in fuel cells. The single cell test show that the peak power density is able to reach 1.24 W cm −2 , and the performance decays by 13.9 % after 90 h. This study provides an effective strategy to regulate the microstructure and performance of AEMs by grafting side chain engineering, which is of great significance to promote the practical application of high performance AEMs.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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电化学
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能源技术
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
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2023
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IF 9.5
Zixin Lv,Ning Zhao,Meizi He,Qing Ju,Ge Chao,Yixin Wang,Kang Geng,Hongying Tang,Nanwen Li
Phosphoric acid (PA) leakage of PA-doped high-temperature proton exchange membranes (HT-PEMs) is pivotal for its practical application under working conditions. Here, to enhance the PA retention of HT-PEMs, the concept of microphase separation regulated by flexible long aliphatic side-chain was introduced into poly(isatin-co-p-terphenyl-imidazole) matrix (PITI-CmQ90) via direct superacid-catalyzed copolymerization from N-alkylated isatin monomer . The designed PITI-CmQ90 membranes illustrate obvious microphase separation and larger ionic domain confirmed via Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis suggesting wider proton transport channels. Notably, PA/PITI-C6Q90 membrane exhibits the best PA retention ability under relative humidity (RH) cycle tests at different temperatures, which mainly attributed to the excellent PA interaction through moderate ion aggregation in the microphase-separated PEM matrix verified by solid 31 P NMR. As a result, the corresponding MEA displays the most durable single-cell performance under a step-V procedure from 1.0 V to 0.1 V cycle experiments at different temperatures. Therefore, the idea of microphase separation structure on PA retention mentioned in this work helps to study the ionic-pairs interactions from the perspective of membrane microstructure and provide a new strategy to enhance the durability of PEMs.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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电化学
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高分子科学
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高影响因子
Journal of Materials Chemistry A
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2023
·Vol. 11
·期 33
·17542-17549
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IF 11.9
Chenyang Zheng,Di Xiao,Junfeng Zhang,Yabiao Pei,Lianqin Wang,Xin Liu,Yan Yin,Michael D. Guiver,Xianguo Li
The design of robust catalyst layers (CLs) applicable under realistic conditions is an essential concern for anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). Ionomers act as “transport bridges” for electrochemical reactions involving water, gas, and ions within CLs, and play a crucial role in CL stability and performance. Here, quaternary ammonium polymers with meta- or para-terphenyl were compared as anion exchange ionomers (AEIs), to study the relationship between AEI molecular conformation and CL parameters under dynamic operating conditions. The meta-AEI exhibits a lower swelling ratio compared with the para-AEI, endowing the CL with high water retention ability, which remarkably enhances the CL stability under an accelerated stress test (AST). The power density attenuation of the membrane electrode assembly prepared with meta-AEI is only 49.5%, which is much lower than that based on para-AEI (69.5%) after 100 dry/wet N2 cycles. These insights lead to improvements in AEI design and consequently, the operational stability of AEMFCs.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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燃料电池技术
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2025
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IF 13.2
Qiang Ren,Zhe Zhao,Siwen Ding,Zhiwei Zhao,Liyuan Chen,Guannan Chen,Lulu Yuan,Zhenhua Jiang,Jinhui Pang
High-performance anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are essential for anion exchange membrane fuel cells, but balancing ionic conductivity and dimensional stability remains challenging. Herein, a locally dense cationic polyarylpiperidine AEMs was successfully developed by conducting a one-pot cross-linking reaction with Br-hexamethylphenyl benzene which has dense cross-linking sites and a large volume, as both a cross-linking agent and a quaternizing reagent, and polytriphenylpiperidine. The resulting crosslinked network suppressed polymer chain motion and swelling, while promoting microphase separation for efficient ion transport. The optimized membrane, QHCTP-10, showed a low swelling ratio (11.81 %) and high hydroxide conductivity (128.74 mS cm −1 ) at 80 °C, with excellent mechanical strength (Ts = 34.67 MPa, Eb = 8.52 %) and remarkable alkaline stability, retaining 95.13 % conductivity after 1200 h in 1 M NaOH at 80 °C. Fuel cell tests demonstrated a peak power density of 581.87 mW cm −2 at 1633.67 mA cm −2 and stable operation for 70 h at 0.10 A cm −2 almost without voltage decay under H 2 /O 2 conditions. This work demonstrates that introducing bulky crosslinkers with dense reactive sites offers a promising strategy to develop AEMs with high conductivity, stability, and fuel cell performance.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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能源工程
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燃料电池技术
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
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2025
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IF 8.3
Zhenyu Tian,Hanzhi Zhang,Xiaoxuan Niu,Yan Liu,Xin Liu,Wenjia Li
Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are one of the core parts of anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers. However, the low ion conductivity and poor stability of AEMs in highly concentrated alkaline environment remain critical bottlenecks limiting the development of AEMWEs. To address this, we prepare multi-cation-grafted poly (p-terphenyl-piperidinium) membranes (PTP-TC- y ). The ether-free backbone and alkaline-stable piperidinium cation of PTP-TC- y can maintain long-term stability in alkaline environment. The atomic force microscope (AFM) images show that PTP-TC- y membranes form obvious microphase separation structures because of multi-cation side chain grafting, which is conducive to the construction of ion channels and improves the ion conductivity. Among the prepared AEMs, the PTP-TC-20 membrane has an outstanding ion conductivity of 143.1 mS cm −1 at 80 °C and retains 83.6% ion conductivity after immersing in 1 M KOH for 1920 h at 80 °C. The PTP-TC-20 membrane exhibits excellent cell performance, achieving 6.24 A cm −2 at 2 V and a low voltage decay rate of 1.5 mV h −1 during cycling in 1 M KOH at a current density of 1 A cm −2 for 120 h. These results verify that the prepared PTP-TC- y membranes have a good prospect for application in water electrolyzers.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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能源工程
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高分子化学
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膜科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）