ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
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2022
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IF 7.336
Qing Wang,Jiaxin Liu,Zhenyu Lei,Yun Mou,Mingxiang Chen
In this work, we combined the computational simulation and experiments to explore the convection on filling characteristics of the micro through-holes (THs) with multiple aspect ratio (ARs). The micro THs with ARs 6.25:1∼1.67:1 (thickness 500 μm) were chosen as research targets. The computational model was established based on the actual state of Haring-Cell, and attention was fixed on the convection distribution in the micro THs. The interaction mechanism of additives with the changing ARs systematically explored by electrochemical measurements. The simulation results show that the convection in the micro THs center declines with the increasing AR. The convection-dependent additives formed diverse adsorption states around the micro THs with different ARs, providing two kinds of Cu filling processes, including defect-free filling and insufficient filling. The weak convection is conducive to the adsorption of the accelerator and detrimental to the adsorption of the suppressor, which accelerates the Cu electrodeposition and elevates the throwing power (TP) value to over 100% to form the defect-free filling. Strong convection is instrumental in the adsorption of the leveler so that a uniform Cu film thickness can be obtained but to create the insufficient filling. Simulation and electroplating experiments show that the AR of 3.33:1 is the cut-off point of the flow field distribution and the electroplating processes. The micro THs with AR higher than 3.33:1 can be fully filled with a uniform bright Cu surface.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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微制造
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Physical Chemistry C
·
2022
·
IF 4.177
Fan Zhang,Shenggui Liu,Fei Wang
The nucleation and growth of Ni2+ during the jet electrodeposition process are crucial for the quality of nickel coating. Based on the vertical distribution of electrodes, we set up a three-electrode device with flow injection to further investigate the nanocluster formation of Ni2+ corresponding to traditional, vertical, and jet electrodeposition. Different nanocluster deposition models are established and combined with the results of fitting analysis based on different electrodeposition processes. Meanwhile, the nucleation and growth behaviors of Ni2+ electrodeposition with convection and charge distribution, which vary at different electrodeposition conditions, can be further achieved. Finally, the morphological structure of surface coatings via traditional, vertical, and jet electrodeposition is analyzed to prove the nucleation and growth processes. These results provide both a theoretical and experimental basis for the preparation of nickel coatings.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RENEWABLE ENERGY
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2024
·
IF 9
Maoyan Xu,Xianyu Yang,Zhaokai Dai,Ren Wang,Jianlong Wang,Jingyu Xie,Mengjuan Liu,Yanping Shi,Shuya Chen,Man Xue,Jihua Cai,Guosheng Jiang
Global warming is increasing as CO 2 emissions from the use of conventional fossil fuels continue to rise. The development of geothermal energy is gradually becoming the key to the sustainable development of human society in the future. Enhancing the heat transfer performance of circulating heat transfer fluids is one of the effective means to efficiently exploit deep geothermal resources. In this study, a self-developed circulating heat exchange experimental setup was established. The convection heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids in high-temperature rocks were experimentally investigated. Al 2 O 3 nanofluid and CuO nanofluid were used as the working medium for heat transfer in high temperature granite samples. The effects of the Reynolds number (1000–6000) and parameters such as nanoparticle type (CuO & Al 2 O 3 ), size (20 nm & 40 nm) and mass fraction (0 wt%-2wt%) on the heat transfer intensity were analyzed. The effect of nanoparticle accumulation on the rock surface on the local heat transfer strength was also investigated. The results indicate that the increase of Reynolds number enhances the heat transfer strength of nanofluids in rocks. Nanofluid containing 20 nm Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles has better heat transfer performance in rock than nanofluid containing 20 nm CuO nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the heat transfer performance of nanofluid containing 20 nm Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles in rock is better than that of nanofluid containing 40 nm Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles. The heat transfer intensity increases and then decreases as the nanoparticle mass fraction increases. The heat transfer coefficient at Reynolds number 6000 is 52.2 % higher than that of water. For nanofluids and water, the local heat transfer intensity decreases with increasing distance from the inlet. Meanwhile, accumulation of nanoparticles on rock surfaces during convective heat transfer enhances heat transfer intensity. The results show that nanofluids have the potential to be applied to deep geothermal resource extraction. This paper provides data and technical support for the application of nanomaterials in medium and deep geothermal systems to enhance heat transfer efficiency.
研究领域:
能源工程
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热力学
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地质学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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2023
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IF 4.5
Biwu Cai,Jianbang Ge,Fei Zhu,Yang Gao,Shuqiang Jiao
Natural convection could arise under density gradients of solutions caused by the electrochemical reaction occurring on the electrode surface. This density-driven convection decays rapidly with the decreasing redox concentration, and becomes negligible in dilute solutions (1–2 mM). However, steady-state voltammetry is still observed in these dilute solutions due to the presence of a convection–diffusion layer. Here we studied natural convection effects in low-concentration (5–30 mM) redox solutions and clarified the convection modes in these transient-concentration solutions using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The combined theoretical–experimental work demonstrated the coexistence of convection–diffusion layer and density-driven convection. With the use of a 150-μm-radius Pt microelectrode, the convection–diffusion layer convection dominated natural convection in dilute solution (1–5 mM), reinforced mass transport with density-driven convection in low redox concentrations (5–11 mM), and suppressed the density-driven convection at high redox concentrations (>15 mM). The zone diagrams delineating the transition from diffusion to convection were then established to reveal the effects of electrode radius, thickness of the convection–diffusion layer, time scale, and redox concentration on natural convection. Consequently, the use of microelectrodes (∼25 μm radius) could greatly inhibit natural convection effects in 30 mM redox solution.
研究领域:
电化学
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传质工程
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物理化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
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2023
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IF 3.3
Jianbang Ge,Biwu Cai,Fei Zhu,Yang Gao,Xinrui Wang,Qianjin Chen,Mingyong Wang,Shuqiang Jiao
Molten salt electrochemistry has been widely used in many fields, especially for metal extraction/refinement. The understanding of mass transfer in molten salts under harsh operation conditions is of great importance to reveal reaction mechanisms and advance fine technologies. It has been generally assumed that natural convection is negligible in stagnant molten salt electrochemistry. Herein, we report an abnormal natural convection in molten LiCl–KCl, with the arising time from 2.37 s at 873 K to 10.13 s at 673 K. Using the concentration correction factor, the derived thickness of the natural convection–diffusion layer (δconv.) was found to be ranging from 128 to 163 μm, much thinner than those in aqueous solutions (∼200 μm). The simulations showed that the notable natural convection resulted from convection–diffusion layer (CDL) convection dominated over the density-driven convection even at high redox concentrations, implying the severe vibration of molten salt systems. To suppress the intense natural convection, we predicted that the use of microelectrodes (with radii less than 23.2 μm for δconv. = 150 μm) would be a promising tool, regardless of their inferior stabilities in high-temperature molten salts at this stage. These innovative findings offer insights into the impact of natural convection on mass transfer in molten salts that have not been previously revealed.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
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2024
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IF 8.3
Kongyu Ge,Yifan Gao,Hongyu Yi,Zhan Li,Shaowei Hu,Hongjun Ji,Mingyu Li,Huanhuan Feng
Structural color, renowned for its enduring vibrancy, has been extensively developed and applied in the fields of display and anticounterfeiting. However, its limitations in brightness and saturation hinder further application in these areas. Herein, we propose a pendant evaporation self-assembly method to address these challenges simultaneously. By leveraging natural convection and Marangoni flow synchronization, the self-assembly process enhances the dynamics and duration of colloidal nanoparticles, thereby enhancing the orderliness of colloidal photonic crystals. On average, this technique boosts the brightness of structural color by 20% and its saturation by 35%. Moreover, pendant evaporation self-assembly is simple and convenient to operate, making it suitable for industrial production. We anticipate that its adoption will remarkably advance the industrialization of structural color, facilitating its engineering applications across various fields, such as display technology and anticounterfeiting identification.
研究领域:
材料科学
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光学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Sustainable Cities and Society
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2018
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IF 3.073
Xiaoling Cao,Yanping Yuan,Bo Xiang,Fariborz Haghighat
In order to improve melting rate of latent heat storage system, the effect of natural convection during melting process in eccentric horizontal shell and tube storage unit is investigated in this study. The melting performance in different eccentricity ( e ) and boundary temperature ( T w ) is obtained through experiment research and numerical simulation. During the experiment study, the temperature variations at different positions are measured. Then, the temperature and fluid field, movement of the phase interface are analyzed by numerical simulation. With the increase of eccentric distance, the natural convection dominated area increases, so the melting rate is improved. The eccentric geometry with e = 30 mm and T w = 80 °C results in a 57% decrease in the total melting time. The special attention is paid on the evolution of natural convection and the heat transfer mechanism during the melting process, so the parameter of time-average heat transfer coefficient ( h ¯ ) is proposed. h ¯ is relatively higher in an eccentric geometry which illustrate the heat transfer efficiency is improved. The variation of h ¯ also reflects transformation of the heat transfer characteristic in concentric unit and eccentric unit.
研究领域:
工程热物理
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能源存储技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
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2014
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IF 2.613
Huidong Zheng,Weifeng Ren,Kunxiong Chen,Yao Gu,Zhengshuai Bai,Suying Zhao
An experimental study of the mass transfer rates in single drops with simultaneous Marangoni convection was carried out, using a system in which acetic acid was transferred from water to n -propyl acetate. In all experimental trials, high purity deionized water was employed as the continuous phase while n -propyl acetate served as the dispersed phase. The effects of both the drop diameter and the initial solute concentration in the continuous phase on the mass transfer were examined. The results demonstrated that mass transfer is increased as the drop size decreases and exhibits a maximum at an acetic acid concentration in the aqueous solution of 0.15 g/ml which reveals the competing mechanisms between reduction of velocity and mass transfer enhancement due to Marangoni effects. All current models, including the Newman (1931) model, do not account for the influence of the initial solute concentration, and thus a correction factor, α , was introduced to obtain the factor, R ׳ , by which the effective diffusivity is enhanced, based on Steiner׳s (1986) modified Newman model. This α factor is a function of the initial difference in solute concentration. The mass transfer rates predicted by our modified Newman model were in good agreement with the experimental data obtained in the present study.
研究领域:
化学工程
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传质学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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2024
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IF 6
Wenwen Zhang,Ye Yang,Fei Kong,Yubin Chen,Zhonghua Wang,Jun Zhou,Xiurong Su,Jiajie Xu
Foodborne infectious diseases, particularly those caused by pathogenic Vibrio species in aquaculture, are a significant concern in the field of seafood safety. They not only hinder the economic development of the industry but also pose a major threat to public health. Traditional detection methods are often too slow, insensitive, or impractical for portable use, highlighting the urgent need for a sensitive, on-site detection method for Vibrio that prioritizes convenience and speed. This study developed a visual IMBS-CPCR method for the detection of four common pathogenic Vibrio species: Vibrio alginolyticus , Vibrio anguillarum , Vibrio fluvialis , and Vibrio harveyi . The method achieved high capture rates for target bacteria (82.6%–83.3%) and low capture rates for non-target bacteria (below 11%), demonstrating good sensitivity by detecting bacteria at concentrations as low as 10 CFU/mL. Optimal amplification conditions were determined for each species, with specificity tests confirming that only target bacteria produced amplification bands. Sensitivity tests revealed detection limits of 10 1 CFU/mL for V. alginolyticus , V. anguillarum , and V. fluvialis , and 10 2 CFU/mL for V. harveyi . The combined techniques improved detection sensitivity in simulated fish samples by 10–100 fold compared to direct CPCR or PCR methods.
研究领域:
微生物学
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分子生物学
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食品科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Environmental Science-Nano
·
2022
·Vol. 9
·期 5
·1685-1698
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IF 9.473
Muhammad Sultan Irshad,Xianbao Wang,Naila Arshad,M. Qasim Javed,Tariq Shamim,Zhenzhen Guo,Hong Rong Li,Jianying Wang,Tao Mei
The inadequate supply of water and energy in remote areas poses a risk to human life, which can be overcome via the use of portable solar-driven evaporation setups. However, they involve energy-intensive techniques and salt-accumulation is still a significant barrier for large-scale solar steam generation applications. Herein, we report the preparation of bifunctional in situ-polymerized MnO2@PPy nanocomposites (NCs) for nano-enabled solar evaporation followed by chemical convection and enhanced generation of photo-thermoelectricity. The novel evaporation structure design is composed of super hydrophilic MnO2@PPy NC/two-phase crafted polyurethane wicks for the convective transport of water and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) foam for excellent thermal management. This work presents, for the first time, real-time experimental and simulated proof of a salinity gradient through convective flow, which is a promising solution for synchronous salt-rejection and intensified interfacial heat accumulation (42.8 °C) to generate vapor under 1 kW m−2 at a rate of 1.69 kg m−2 h−1 and actually yield freshwater at a rate of 12.31 kg m−2 per day. The state-of-art photo-thermoelectric performances revealed an enhanced output power density (Pout ∼ 12.3 W m−2) and open circuit current (Iout ∼ 61.3 mA) under 1 kW m−2 solar irradiation, which are higher than that of other nanogenerators. More importantly, for the first time, numerical heat transfer and computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) simulations were successfully performed to study the salt-resistant mechanisms by computing the hot brine mass flux via chemical convection. Our work will further accelerate the distillate rate or zero liquid discharge phenomenon for the practical implementation of solar-driven seawater desalination and a clean source of energy generation.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源工程
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Small
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2024
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IF 13
Ming-Hui Xie,Hao-Tian Wang,Xian-Jun Li,Guo-Jun Han,Yong-Qiang Yang,Xin-Yue Shi,Shi-Yi Lin,Guo-Xing Miao,Meng-Hao Yang,Jing Fu
Under large current densities, the excessive hydroxide ion (OH) consumption hampers alkaline water splitting involving the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). High OH concentration (≈30 wt.%) is often used to enhance the catalytic activity of OER, but it also leads to higher corrosion in practical systems. To achieve higher catalytic activity in low OH concentration, catalysts on magnetic frame (CMF) are built to utilize the local magnetic convection induced from the host frame's magnetic field distributions. This way, a higher reaction rate can be achieved in relatively lower OH concentrations. A CMF model system with catalytically active CoFeO x nanograins grown on the magnetic Ni foam is demonstrated. The OER current of CoFeO x @NF receives ≈90% enhancement under 400 mT (900 mA cm −2 at 1.65 V) compared to that in zero field, and exhibits remarkable durability over 120 h. As a demonstration, the water-splitting performance sees a maximum 45% magnetic enhancement under 400 mT in 1 m KOH (700 mA cm −2 at 2.4 V), equivalent to the concentration enhancement of the same electrode in a more corrosive 2 m KOH electrolyte. Therefore, the catalyst-on-magnetic-frame strategy can make efficient use of the catalysts and achieve higher catalytic activity in low OH concentration by harvesting local magnetic convection.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN
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2023
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IF 3.8
Xin Liu,Quanchao Zhang,Dou Zhao,Ruichen Bai,Yingying Hao,Bin Fang,Yinjie Ruan,Binbin Zhang,Tongyang Wang,Chongjian Zhou,Wanqi Jie,Yadong Xu
The organic–inorganic hybrid halide perovskite MAPbBr3 has been considered as a promising material in many applications; however, the bulk MAPbBr3 crystals grown by the widely adopted inverse temperature crystallization (ITC) method without forced convection reveal poor reproducibility and moderate quality. Here, we employ a near-net-shape seeded solution method to grow inch-sized MAPbBr3 crystals as a space-confined way to approach the suitable thickness and minimize the loss resulting by cutting and polishing. The rotation parameters for introducing forced convection is determined according to solute transport behavior, which is associated with the space confinement thickness and rotation rate. The as-grown MAPbBr3 crystal with good homogeneity exhibits a recorded FWHM value of 0.011° in the high-resolution X-ray diffraction rocking curve, ascribed to the lower grown-in stress and strain by the liquid-phase epitaxial growth. Finally, the MAPbBr3 semiconducting photodetector demonstrates a relatively high resistivity of 3.75 × 108 Ω·cm and superior photoresponse under 405 nm laser. The near-net-shape synthesis method with a space confinement is potentially extended to the growth of other halide perovskite bulk crystals.
研究领域:
材料科学
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光电材料
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晶体生长技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）