Hongyu Rao,Peibo Li,Hao Wu,Chong Liu,Wei Peng,Weiwei Su
Hawthorn seed can be used to produce various bioactive compounds through destructive distillation. In this study, an accurate and feasible analytical method based on a gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS) was developed for simultaneous determination of six major compounds (contributing to more than 3% in total peak area) in destructive distillation extracts of hawthorn seed collected at different temperatures ranging from 150 to 270 °C. Then, a broth microdilution method coupled with grey correlation analysis was engaged in the evaluation of their antimicrobial activities and the screening of primarily active compounds. Results indicate that the extract collected from 211 to 230 °C had the highest content of six major compounds (furfural, 2-methoxyphenol, 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol, 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, and 5-tertbutylpyrogallol) and the strongest antibacterial activity. Besides, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol was found to be a potential compound in inhibiting the growth of vaginitis pathogens. This study provided an optimum temperature for the destructive distillation of hawthorn seed, reducing the waste of energy, and saving the cost of production in the hawthorn industry.Keywords:hawthorn seed;GC-MS;phenolic compounds;antimicrobial activity
s Extraction of bioactive substances from food processing waste is currently an important research topic. Ultrasonic and hyper-cross-linked resin in-situ adsorption method were proposed to synergistically assist in the extraction of phenolic antioxidants from hawthorn seeds using deep eutectic solvents (DESs). DES composed of choline chloride and oxalic acid outperforms other DESs in terms of extraction efficiency. The adsorption of non-polar resin XDA-1 increases the yield of polyphenols and flavonoids by 45.16 % and 3.61 times, respectively. The extraction kinetic curves conform to pseudo-second-order rate model. The extraction yield and rate using DES is markedly superior to that using conventional solvents. The components analyzed using UPLC-MS indicate that the phenolic compounds in extract are mainly ellagic acid, vanillin, hesperetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, and hesperidin, etc. The primary forces facilitating extraction are hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions found by the conductor-like screening model for real solvents calculation.
Biomass-derived hard carbon has emerged as a highly promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), owing to its exceptional sodium storage capacity, cost-effectiveness, and sustainable sourcing advantages. However, its widespread commercialization faces significant challenges, including unsatisfactory carbon yield and inadequate rate capability. To address these limitations, this study presents a facile approach to synthesize high-performance soft-hard carbon composites through the strategic combination of pitch and hawthorn seeds. Our research demonstrates that the presence of highly graphitized soft carbon effectively mitigates the inherent drawbacks of hard carbon material. Specifically, the optimized composite with a hawthorn seed-to-pitch mass ratio of 100:10 exhibits superior electrochemical performance compared to pure hawthorn seed-derived hard carbon prepared under identical conditions. The incorporation of pitch-derived soft carbon enhanced the carbon yield from 45.8% to 51.5%. The composite anode delivers a high capacity of 295.9 mAh g-1 (at 20 mA g-1), an outstanding cycling stability (retaining 75.0% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 500 mA g-1), and significantly enhanced rate capability. Through these studies, we attempted to establish fundamental structure-property relationships and provide valuable guidance for their commercial implementation in SIB systems.
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