POWDER TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 4.6
Hao Sun,Guoxun Jing,Hailin Jia,Xinshan Peng,Meng Wang,Chenlong Geng
A modified structured dry water (SCDW) was prepared by introducing sodium alginate (SA) and calcium L-lactate (CL) into conventional dry water (DW) to mitigate the risks associated with methane–air explosions. The preparation parameters were optimized, yielding uniformly distributed and structurally stable particles. The results demonstrate that SCDW exhibits superior mechanical stability and water retention compared to DW. Pipeline explosion experiments evaluated the suppression performance of six sodium- and potassium-modified SCDWs. At spraying concentrations of 25–100 g/m 3 , all modified SCDWs significantly reduced the maximum explosion pressure and flame propagation distance, outperforming DW. Specifically, 5 wt% KCl-SCDW at 100 g/m 3 reduced the maximum explosion pressure and flame propagation distance by 38.75 % and 24.10 %, respectively, compared to DW. When the spraying concentration exceeded 200 g/m 3 , both parameters stabilized. A quantitative analysis of five explosion-related parameters confirmed that salt-modified SCDWs provided superior suppression performance compared to DW, with potassium-modified SCDWs exhibiting stronger effects than sodium-modified ones, and KCl-SCDW demonstrating the best suppression performance. HSC and Chemkin simulations revealed that SCDW exerts both physical and chemical suppression effects. Physically, DW particles suppress combustion through evaporative cooling, oxygen dilution, energy absorption from particle collisions, and thermal radiation blocking. Chemically, gaseous active species capture and consume H and OH free radicals, interrupting chain reactions through catalytic cycles and generating stable compounds, thereby reducing the maximum explosion pressure and flame propagation speed. Modified SCDWs offer an environmentally friendly, stable, and efficient approach to methane-air explosion suppression.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
安全工程
·
燃烧科学
·
环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
·
2024
·
IF 6.9
Hao Zeng,Dongyang Qiu,Kaiyuan Li,Chuyuan Huang,Jie Gao,Xianfeng Chen,Jingjing Gong
To weaken the adverse effects of methane-air explosions on industrial processes and the environment, the development of highly effective explosion inhibitors is imperative. In this study, a novel ammonium polyphosphate gel dry water (AGDW) powder was synthesized by incorporating superabsorbent polymer (SAP) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as additives. The addition of SAP significantly enhanced the physical properties such as stability and water retention of AGDW powder, while APP improved its suppression effects. The suppression effect of AGDW powder on methane-air explosions was investigated in a square explosion pipeline. Experimental results revealed that 4 g AGDW powder with 15 wt% APP completely hindered the propagation of the explosion flame, resulting in a 91.2% reduction in peak temperature and completed elimination of the pressure reflection wave. Increasing the spraying pressure from 0.2 MPa to 0.4 MPa, 2 g AGDW powder with 5 wt% APP was sufficient to suppress the explosion completely. The suppression mechanism of AGDW powder on methane-air explosions was comprehensively elucidated from the cooling effect, diluting effect, and interrupting the chain reaction. This work sheds light on the preparation and application of novel dry water powders and provides a feasible solution for ensuring process safety and controlling gas explosions .
研究领域:
工业安全
·
化学工程
·
爆炸控制
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POWDER TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 4.6
Qinglun Bai,Wei Gao,Zhangqiang Dong,Ke Wang,Chenlu Xue,Zongling Zhang,Haipeng Jiang
Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) plays a key role as a typical initiator or a foaming agent in the industries of plastics, pharmaceuticals and semiconductors. The autocatalytic property and high instability of AIBN make it risky to explode when subjected to heat. In this paper, the explosion characteristics and mechanism of AIBN dust were thoroughly investigated. During the explosion process, two carbon‑hydrogen bonds are broken and release N 2 leading to a rapid increase in explosion pressure. The optimum concentration of AIBN is 600 g/m 3 , at which time the P max is 735.51 kPa and the ( K st ) max is 173.02 bar·m/s. In order to effectively inhibit the explosion of AIBN, SiO 2 and NaHCO 3 were selected as coating materials to develop a novel inhibitor modified sodium bicarbonate dry water powder (SBDW). When the concentration reached 400 g/m 3 , it was able to completely inhibit the explosion of AIBN. The kinetic model of AIBN/SBDW/air explosion reaction was constructed to reveal the key free radical mechanism of NaHCO 3 capturing AIBN combustion and explosion process. Considering the chemistry, inhibitors can hinder the combustion and explosion reaction of AIBN by despoiling H, O and OH. A novel insight into the characteristics and inhibition of AIBN dust explosion was provided, and is of great value for the safe application of azo compounds.
研究领域:
安全工程
·
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
·
2021
·
IF 4.724
Zhang Tianwei,Liu Xiangchen,Wang Guofeng,Liu Hao,Xiao Lei,Ye Qiaohan,Liang Qiang,Zhang Cunwei
The elimination of heat and smoke hazards during the polymer combustion process is still challenging. In this work, we created a thermal environment using a fire propagation apparatus (FPA) and studied the sustained effect of dry water coated on the surface of polymer materials after fire extinguishing. The tests indicated an effective burnback delay and the reduction of heat and smoke hazards. This approach significantly increased the ignition time and reduced the heat release rate and the smoke and carbon monoxide production rate compared to fuel without dry water coating. The radiation intensity influenced the sustained performance of dry water, i.e., the larger the radiation intensity, the worse sustained performance. The sustained performance was also improved by using an aqueous solution as inner material. A low mass fraction of the aqueous solution yielded an improved sustained performance in the initial combustion stage. Furthermore, the gelation of dry water with the inner aqueous solution could balance the structural strength and the thermal shielding performance. These results have implications for designing a technical program toward longer escape and rescue times for stranded persons and firefighters.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
火灾安全工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Microsystems & Nanoengineering
·
2025
·Vol. 11
·期 1
·1-17
·
IF 9.9
Wang Dongyang,Xue Hailing,Xia Long,Li Zongqi,Zhao Yubo,Fan Xinan,Sun Kai,Wang Huanan,Hamalainen Timo,Zhang Chi,Cong Fengyu,Li Yanhua,Song Fei,Lin Jiaqi
Non-invasive brain–computer interfaces (NI-BCIs) have garnered significant attention due to their safety and wide range of applications. However, developing non-invasive electroencephalogram (EEG) electrodes that are highly sensitive, comfortable to wear, and reusable has been challenging due to the limitations of conventional electrodes. Here, we introduce a simple method for fabricating semi-dry hydrogel EEG electrodes with antibacterial properties, enabling long-term, repeatable acquisition of EEG. By utilizing N-acryloyl glycinamide and hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan, we have prepared electrodes that not only possess good mechanical properties (compression modulus 65 kPa) and anti-fatigue properties but also exhibit superior antibacterial properties. These electrodes effectively inhibit the growth of both Gram-negative ( E. coli ) and Gram-positive ( S. epidermidis ) bacteria. Furthermore, the hydrogel maintains stable water retention properties, resulting in an average contact impedance of <400 Ω measured over 12 h, and an ionic conductivity of 0.39 mS cm −1 . Cytotoxicity and skin irritation tests have confirmed the high biocompatibility of the hydrogel electrodes. In an N170 event-related potential (ERP) test on human volunteers, we successfully captured the expected ERP signal waveform and a high signal-to-noise ratio (20.02 dB), comparable to that of conventional wet electrodes. Moreover, contact impedance on the scalps remained below 100 kΩ for 12 h, while wet electrodes became unable to detect signals after 7–8 h due to dehydration. In summary, our hydrogel electrodes are capable of detecting ERPs over extended periods in an easy-to-use manner with antibacterial properties. This reduces the risk of bacterial infection associated with prolonged reuse and expands the potential of NI-BCIs in daily life.
研究领域:
生物医学工程
·
神经科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
POWDER TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 4.6
Jie Gao,Chuyuan Huang,Hao Zeng,Zuyang Du,Xianfeng Chen,Dongyang Qiu
To reduce the occurrence of methane (CH 4 ) explosion accidents, this study successfully prepared a novel composite powder (CGDW) by adding magnesium hydroxide and zinc borate to the core solution of dry water (DW). Its physical properties, such as flowability, mechanical stability, particle size distribution, water retention, and bulk density were characterized separately. The effect of CGDW on the explosion characteristics of stoichiometric CH 4 was explored in a square explosion pipeline. The results showed that the physical properties of CGDW were significantly improved compared to DW. CGDW demonstrated excellent CH 4 explosion suppression performance due to its unique core-shell structure, which could simultaneously exert a solid-liquid two-phase suppression effect. After adding 15 g CGDW, the maximum explosion pressure decreased by 69.4 %, the peak temperature decreased by 97.8 %, and the explosion flame was isolated during propagation. In addition, the explosion suppression mechanism of CGDW on the CH 4 was explored in terms of physical effects (heat insulation, gas dilution, cooling) and chemical effects (interrupting the chain reaction). CGDW possesses green and high-efficiency characteristics, providing a new path to suppress CH 4 explosion and improve the safety of its usage.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
安全工程
·
能源技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Jian He,Yifan Liang,Wenting Xiang,Changjun Liu,Pan Wu,Wei Jiang
Liquid marbles(LMs) are formed by encapsulating liquid with hydrophobic particles showed potential application in capturing CO 2 . However, conventional LMs are mostly millimeter scale and easily deformed by extrusion. This study aimed to enhance the mechanical stability by controlling the particle size to prepare “dry water” type LMs (DWLMs). The N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) solution was used as the core in constructing DWLMs, and SiO 2 /graphene(GPE) was used as the shell material. The incorporation of GPE can endow DWLMs with photothermal conversion properties, with a particle size distribution around 100 ∼ 250 μm occupying the largest volume fraction. These DWLMs exhibited good flow ability and mechanical stability. Moreover, the effects of MDEA concentration, and content of SiO 2 / GPE on the preparation of DWLMs were investigated. Under an illumination intensity of 1 × 10 6 Lux, the temperature of DWLMs reached above 95 °C. Subsequently, the absorption performance was examined by a fixed-bed absorption tower, and it was found that decreasing the droplet size can increase the gas–liquid mass transfer area to reduce the mass transfer resistance. The height of the fixed bed constructed by DWLMs was higher than 7 cm, and the bottom particles can still maintain stability without agglomeration and blocking the supporting mesh. The breakthrough point (t 0.5 and t 0.95 ) of large-DWLMs (L-DWLMs) were greater than that of tiny-DWLMs (T-DWLMs). The absorption kinetics have validated that chemisorption is the primary mode of CO 2 absorption. In desorption process, the results showed that the desorption of CO 2 was realized by photothermic desorption, and the desorbed DWLMs were regenerated and recycled, which could prevent the corrosion of the device as well as utilize the energy provided by the sunlight.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Zhangqiang Dong,Wei Gao,Qinglun Bai,Songling Jin,Qianyu Ma,Ke Wang,Chenlu Xue,Haipeng Jiang
Dust explosions caused by benzoyl peroxide (BPO) pose a significant risk to the chemical industry, making the development of high-performance inhibitors essential. The effect of a novel inhibitor on the explosion behavior of BPO dust was studied through experiments and simulations. The chemical mechanism behind the suppressed BPO dust explosion was clarified. The primary explosion hazard of BPO stems from the instability of the oxygen–oxygen bond. To address this, a novel phosphorus-based dry water powder inhibitor, MAP-DW, was prepared which effectively captures key reactive radicals involved in the chain reaction. At the optimal explosion concentration of BPO, a concentration of 400 g/m 3 of MAP-DW reduced the maximum explosion pressure and the maximum explosion pressure rise rate by 96.48% and 99.58%, respectively. The suppression effects of MAP-DW on the explosion of BPO dust include heat absorption, oxygen dilution, thermal insulation, and capture of key free radicals. The kinetic simulation results showed that the suppression cycle between phosphorus-containing substances captured key chain reaction radicals, and the coupled suppression among NH 3 , H 2 O, and phosphorus-containing substances dominated the suppression mechanism of MAP-DW on BPO dust explosion. This study provides new insights into the characterization and suppression of BPO dust explosion, while also supplying crucial data for the safe utilization of peroxides.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
安全科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
·
2019
·
IF 6.395
Le Zhang,Jingxin Zhang,Kai-Chee Loh
Eco-friendly delivery carrier of trace metals is very significant to appropriate metal supplementation to improve metal bioavailability and prevent metal precipitation in anaerobic digesters . A novel encapsulated form of dry water (DW) additive was synthesized by the high-speed mixing of nickel ions solution with hydrophobic silica nanoparticles and was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and particle size analyzer. Nickel (Ni) was chosen as a model trace element. The encapsulated structure of DW additive and the feasibility of controlled release of Ni ions from DW additive in pure water and anaerobic digesters were verified. The optimal mixing speed for the highest methane yield of digesters with DW additive was determined as 800–1000 rpm. By varying stirring speed, controlled release of trace metal element (Ni) into digester was easily achieved during anaerobic digestion of food waste. The results showed that nickel ions delivery via DW additive significantly enhanced the metal bioavailability by 18.9–42.6% and process stability during 59 days of operation, resulting in an increase of 11.6–31.8% in methane yields compared to the controls. Pyrosequencing analysis indicated that bacterial communities were dominated by phyla Firmicutes , Bacteroidetes , Proteobacteria , Chloroflexi and Spirochaetes while methanogenic genus Methanolinea , Methanoculleus , Methanothrix , Methanomassiliicoccus and Methanospirillum were more abundant in archaea communities. Further, phyla Bacteroidetes , Proteobacteria and Methanoculleus were selectively enriched by the DW additive. Results indicated that it was feasible to apply the method of DW additive supplementation to enhance anaerobic digestion of food waste for biogas production by improving metal bioavailability.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
微生物学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
RENEWABLE ENERGY
·
2025
·
IF 9.1
Chongqiang Ye,Qingjun Xia,Hao Wu,Wanyu Zou,Qingwu Zhang,Yajie Bu,Yuan Yu,Juncheng Jiang
The explosion hazards of pulverized biomass fuels have threatened the safe processing and utilization of biomass energy. To suppress the biomass explosions, monosodium phosphate (MSP) and gellan gum (GG) were introduced as additives to produce the multicomponent dry water (DW) agents in this study. The modified MSP-DW and MSP-GG-DW suppressants presented core-shell structures with better stability if compared to the binary DW particles. Their suppression effects on two typical biomass fuels categorized in St1 explosion hazard, e.g. , corn stalk and pine sawdust, were investigated in a 20-L chamber. The results showed the biomass explosion parameters including maximum overpressure P max , maximum rate of pressure rise (dP/dt) max , and flame propagation speed V f all gradually decreased with increasing the proportions of DW suppressants, wherein the MSP-DW performed the superior suppressing efficiency. Applying 50 % of modified MSP-DW and MSP-GG-DW was found promising to completely suppress both corn stalk and pine sawdust explosions. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that DW suppressants slow down the biomass pyrolysis and inhibit the release of flammable volatiles. The decomposition of MSP brought additional chemical effects along with thermal quenching, leading to advantages in explosion suppression. The multicomponent DW is suggested to replace the traditional inert powders in suppressing biomass explosions.
研究领域:
能源与环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Thermal Science and Engineering Progress
·
2025
·
IF 5.4
Dongyang Qiu,Paul Amyotte,Hao Zeng,Zuyang Du,Qi Zhao,Xianfeng Chen,Chuyuan Huang,Lijuan Liu,Yi Li,Xuxu Sun
Natural gas holds enormous potential in the low-carbon transition of the global energy system, but the risk of explosions from gas leaks poses severe threats to life and property. In this study, sodium phytate and carbamide were introduced as active components, and through hydrogen bonding and ionic interactions between sodium alginate and k-carrageenan, a bio-based modified gel dry water powder (PC-GDW) was prepared and applied for the suppression of 9.5 % methane (CH 4 )-air mixture explosions. The results demonstrate that the physical performance and explosion suppression effect of dry water (DW) could be improved by optimizing the core solutions and gels. CO 2 -driven with 12 g of PC-GDW effectively weakened the energy generated by the CH 4 explosion and dissipated the reflected pressure wave, thus preventing the explosion flame from propagating to the rear of the suppression zone. Compared with the CH 4 explosion without any suppression, the peak temperature ( T p ) decreased by 94.8 %, while the maximum explosion pressure ( P max ) and maximum rise rate of pressure ((d p /d t ) max ) were reduced by 62.5 % and 71.8 %, respectively. Moreover, the synergistic suppression mechanism of the multiphase system was revealed. This work confirms that PC-GDW is a green and renewable explosion suppression material with potential applications in gas transportation and utilization.
研究领域:
能源安全
·
爆炸抑制材料
·
可再生能源
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
·
2022
·
IF 4.778
Zhang Tianwei,Liu Hao,Zhiyue Han,Du Zhiming,Zhang Cunwei,Shan Liya,Wang Yong,Zhang Guiyun,Wang Gaofeng
The seawater dry water extinguishing materials formed by coating seawater with nano-SiO 2 have greatly enlarged the application space of the seawater as a fire-extinguishing medium. Against the deficiencies in the evaluation of the size-fractionated and stability of dry water extinguishing materials, especially of the coating effect of nano-SiO 2 , this study designed an airflow size-fractionated system applicable to dry water materials and characterized the stability of dry water materials by electrochemical methods according to the pneumatic separation principle. The results showed that the grain size range of seawater@nano-SiO 2 dry water extinguishing materials was 0.2–400 μm, and that the dry water could be divided into three intervals by granule size by adjusting the turbo-dynamo frequency and draught fan frequency of the airflow size-fractionated system. The electrochemical methods are applicable to describe the stability of the dry water extinguishing materials, and the gelatinization of core material can significantly make up for the deficiency that the core material of dry water tends to separate out over storage time. However, the stability of dry water is subject to granule size more than the gelatinization of the core material, and the dry water with big-size granules has optimal stability. Graded dry water is less corrosive to aluminum sheets, and the corrosion resistance to big-grained gel-dry water is optimal. The research conclusion can provide a technical basis for size-fractionated and covering effect characterization of dry water extinguishing materials and for type selection of storage media.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
消防工程
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）