The synthesis of cathode materials plays an important role in determining the production efficiency, cost, and performance of lithium-ion batteries. However, conventional synthesis methods always experience a slow heating rate and involve a complicated multistep reaction process and sluggish reaction dynamics, leading to high energy and long time consumption. Herein, a high-temperature shock (HTS) strategy is reported for the ultrafast synthesis of cathode materials in seconds. The HTS process experiences an ultrahigh heating rate, leading to a non-equilibrium reaction and fast reaction kinetics, and avoids high energy and long time consumption. Mainstream cathode materials (such as LiMn 2 O 4 , LiCoO 2 , LiFePO 4 , and Li-rich layered oxide/NiO heterostructured material) are successfully synthesized with pure phases, oxygen vacancies, ultrasmall particle sizes, and good electrochemical performance. The HTS process not only provides an efficient synthesis approach for cathode materials, but also can be extended beyond lithium-ion batteries.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a widely used industrial chemical with excellent emulsification and antibacterial effect. The direct esterification of glycerol with lauric acid is the main method to synthesize GML. In this work, the kinetic process of direct esterification was systematically studied using p-toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst. A complete kinetic model of consecutive esterification reaction has been established, and the kinetic equation of acid catalysis was deduced. The isomerization reactions of GML and Glycerol dilaurate were investigated. It was found that the reaction was an equilibrium reaction and the reaction rate was faster than the esterification reaction. The kinetic equations of the consecutive esterification reaction were obtained by experiments as and . The kinetic results are beneficial to the optimization of operating conditions and reactor design in GML production process.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）