Shi Cheng,Cheng Tan,Yong Yu,Jun Huang,Jinlong Du,Jianhang Hu,Hua Wang
Furfural is an essential platform compound for organic chemicals. However, the low selectivity of furfural via fast pyrolysis of biomass hinders the widespread application. Herein, a novel method for preparing furfural-rich bio-oil from waste wood catalyzed by acid-leaching residue (ALR) is reported for the first time. The bio-oil yield reaches 74.87 wt%, and the highest reported furfural yield is 95.41 area% when pyrolyzed with a 1:4 mass ratio of waste wood to ALR at 500 °C. Chlorination of the ALR catalyst surface provides abundant Brønsted acid sites and drastically facilitates the directional selectivity of furfural. The furfural formation mechanism is investigated using monosaccharides as model compounds. The C5 sugars can be converted directly to furfural via dehydration, whereas the C6 sugars require a multistep conversion, producing by-products. This method realizes the reuse of waste wood and ALR, providing a new approach for preparing low-cost furfural.
Although the closed pore structure plays a key role in contributing low-voltage plateau capacity of hard carbon anode for sodium-ion batteries, the formation mechanism of closed pores is still under debate. Here, we employ waste wood-derived hard carbon as a template to systematically establish the formation mechanisms of closed pores and their effect on sodium storage performance. We find that the high crystallinity cellulose in nature wood decomposes to long-range carbon layers as the wall of closed pore, and the amorphous component can hinder the graphitization of carbon layer and induce the crispation of long-range carbon layers. The optimized sample demonstrates a high reversible capacity of 430 mAh g −1 at 20 mA g −1 (plateau capacity of 293 mAh g −1 for the second cycle), as well as good rate and stable cycling performances (85.4% after 400 cycles at 500 mA g −1 ). Deep insights into the closed pore formation will greatly forward the rational design of hard carbon anode with high capacity.
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