Along with the surging demand for rechargeable alkali-ion (Li + , Na + , or K + ) batteries , cost and availability of the battery materials become critical. In this paper, we report the use of spent asphalt , which is widely available and even poses environmental risks, to produce a high-performing universal Li/Na/K-ion host material. Taking advantage of a nano-Fe 2 O 3 template, the spent asphalt is converted into mesoporous carbon with an interconnected three-dimensional porous structure , high surface area, and numerous crystal defects . As an anode material for Li-ion batteries, the mesoporous carbon exhibits a reversible capability of 674.2 mA h g −1 at 0.2 A g −1 as well as excellent rate and cycling performance (258.7 mA h g −1 at 1.0 A g −1 after 1000 cycles) owing to the shortened diffusion path of ion and easier penetration of electrolytes. The carbon anode also delivers superior reversible capacities and cycling stability in Na-ion and K-ion batteries. With the potential to simultaneously tackle energy and environmental problems, the spent asphalt-derived mesoporous carbon is promising for large-scale applications.
Rechargeable alkali-ion (Li + , Na + , and K + ) batteries with high conversion efficiency have attracted much attention for portable and sizeable energy storage. Deriving valuable battery materials from valueless waste materials is highly desirable to meet the surging demand of energy storage. However, waste-derived carbon materials often show low specific capacity and poor reversibility due to untamed physiochemical properties. In this paper, nitrogen doped meso-macroporous carbon (NMPC) materials are produced from waste asphalt with the assistance of nano-Fe 2 O 3 template and melamine modification. The products show interconnected three-dimensional meso-macroporous structures and tunable nitrogen contents. As an anode material for Li-ion batteries, the NMPC with optimum nitrogen content delivers a reversible capacity of 602.3 mA h g −1 at 0.2 A g −1 . Furthermore, it also discharges a reversible capacity of 210.8 mA h g −1 after 200 cycles and 201.5 mA h g −1 after 500 cycles for Na-ion batteries and K-ion batteries, respectively. The excellent and versatile electrochemical properties enable the concept of waste recovery and resource utilization, which can be used for the manufacture of environmentally friendly energy storage systems .
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