Biomass waste carbon sources enjoy a place of pride because of their low-cost, environmentally friendly, and readily available nature. The development of an efficient approach to transform biomass wastes into functional carbon-based electrode materials is a hot topic. However, the production process of biologically-based activated carbon needs to be further improved. Here, discarded badminton shuttlecock feathers were used as precursor via activation with potassium ferrate (K 2 FeO 4 ) to prepare hierarchical porous carbon. The obtained carbon material with hierarchical pore structure displays a high specific surface area ( S BET ) of 1279.5 m 2 g −1 , large total pore volume ( V total ) of 0.73 cm 3 g −1 ,and high-level hetero-atom doping (N: 3.78 at.%, O: 7.5 at.%, S: 3.85 at.%). Experimental results reveal that the as-prepared FPCB-750–1:3 exhibits an excellent specific capacitance ( C g ) of up to 449 F g −1 at the current density of 0.1 A g −1 . Moreover, even at 10 A g −1 , the FPCB-750–1:3 electrode still presents a high capacitance of 216 F g −1 . In addition, the energy density (ED) of the FPCB-750–1:3//FPCB-750–1:3 symmetric cell reaches 56 Wh kg −1 at a power density (PD) of 720 W kg −1 in an aqueous electrolyte (1 M Na 2 SO 4 ), meanwhile maintaining a high-class long-term electrochemical stability (fading lower than 4% after 10,000 cycles of charging and discharging). This study provides a trustworthy method to produce promising electrode materials from waste biomass for high-performance supercapacitors.
Graphical Abstract
This research focuses on modifying discarded feathers by grafting glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto their surface through thiolation, followed by an epoxy ring-opening reaction with N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMDG) to synthesize feather-based boron adsorbents. Optimization of the adsorbent preparation conditions was achieved through single-factor experiments, varying temperature, time, GMA concentration, and initiator dosage. The synthesized adsorbent (F-g-GMA-NMDG) underwent characterization using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The adsorption behavior of the adsorbent was studied, and its boron adsorption capacity at different temperatures was determined through static adsorption kinetic curves. Analysis of adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics was conducted. Results indicate that the boron adsorption process by F-g-GMA-NMDG follows a pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption process is endothermic, with higher temperatures promoting adsorption efficiency. Gibbs free energy (ΔG) confirms the spontaneity of the adsorption process. Enhanced adsorption efficacy was observed under neutral and acidic pH conditions. After four cycles, the adsorbent maintained its adsorption efficiency, demonstrating its stability and potential for reuse. This study provides novel insights into both the treatment of discarded feathers and the development of boron adsorbents.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）