CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2019
·
IF 8.355
An Wang,Kanggen Zhou,Xuekai Zhang,Dingcan Zhou,Changhong Peng,Wei Chen
Large amounts of waste acids with high acidity and arsenic levels are produced during pyrometallurgy of nonferrous metal sulfide ores, in which the treatment of arsenic remains a problem. In this study, copper powder was used as a reducing agent and synergized with iodine ions to effectively remove arsenic from waste acids. The influences of stirring speed, copper powder particle size, sodium iodide/copper powder dosages, and reaction temperature on the removal efficiency of arsenic were investigated. The results showed almost complete removal of arsenic under the optimal conditions: 600 rpm stirring speed, copper powder particle size <15 μm, molar ratio I:As = 5, molar ratio Cu:As = 8, reaction temperature 40 °C, and reaction time 90 min. The kinetics studies indicated that arsenic removal was controlled by chemical reaction with apparent activation energy of 42.39 kJ·mol −1 . The morphological and structural characterizations of dearsenization residues showed surface of copper particles with double covering-layers. The interior covering-layer constituted the formation region of As(0), the phases of which were As and As-Cu intermetallic compounds, while the main product formed in exterior covering-layer was identified as CuI.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
冶金工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Chemical Engineering and Processing-Process Intensification
·
2024
·
IF 3.8
Liran Hu,Shan Li,Tao Luo,Dehua Xu,Xiushan Yang,Xinlong Wang
The escalating production of titania via the sulfuric acid method has led to increase in the titania waste acid (TWA) production. 6 to 8 tons of waste acid, containing 20 to 25 wt% sulfuric acid, are generated for 1 ton of titania. In China, nearly 30 million tons of TWA were produced in 2021. Currently, various utilization methods are employed for TWA treatment, with limestone neutralization and concentration methods being the most used. These methods have drawbacks such as substantial waste production and high operational costs. This work proposes a new process for directly neutralizing TWA with iron oxides (hematite and magnetite) produced by chemical reduction of ferrous sulfate. The study investigated the rates and limitations of the reactions between TWA and iron oxides under various temperature and liquid-solid ratios. Furthermore, the morphology, chemical composition and reactivity of remaining solid left in the reaction mixture were analyzed, the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of the reactions between iron oxides and TWA were calculated. This work provides a systematical and comprehensive study of the reactions between hematite or magnetite and TWA from the perspectives of thermodynamics and kinetics, providing fundamental data and crucial parameters for the intensification of the TWA treatment processes.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
·
2019
·
IF 7.015
Peipei Song,Meng Wang,Bopeng Zhang,Yuxiang Jia,Yongsheng Chen
One of difficulties in electrodialysis (ED)-based waste acid reclamation lies in how to separate protons from metal cations efficiently and economically. A proton permselective composite membrane (PPCM) is specially designed for the process as evidenced by a porous polysulfone membrane and a cross-linked chitosan layer, which perform functions of support and separation, respectively. Herein, a series of PPCM fabricating conditions are analyzed, including casting solution composition, cross-linking agents, and the coating process . Subsequently, the changes in chemical composition and microstructure are explored by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, SEM and the measurement of porosity and average pore size. Furthermore, the investigations on the electrodialytic transport properties of PPCM are performed, including electrical resistance, limiting current, water transport behavior, and proton permselectivity. Notably, ED experiments show some PPCM performances are even better than those of conventional cation-exchange membranes (CEMs), such as relatively low leakage of metal cations and water migration behavior, relatively high energy efficiency and productivity. However, the proton permselectivity of PPCM for metal cations will weaken with increase of current density, and its proton permselectivity for anions is inferior to CEM. Nevertheless, in view of its many advantages, this paper indicates PPCMs have a promising application prospect.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Coatings
·
2024
·Vol. 14
·期 7
·784
·
IF 2.9
Qi Liu,Yuqing Cao,Meng Zhou,Zehao Miao,Jinkun Yang,Zhaokai Du,Baoyang Lu,Guiqun Liu,Jianhong Li,Shuai Chen
Before steel can be utilized, pickling is necessary to remove surface oxidation products. However, as the ferrous ion concentration in the pickling solution increases, the pickling rate significantly diminishes, necessitating the treatment of spent pickling solution (SPS) to mitigate its hazardous effects prior to disposal. Current industrial methods predominantly rely on neutralization and precipitation techniques, which are cost-prohibitive and generate substantial by-products, thus failing to meet environmental protection standards. In this study, a new method, which is based on the formation of FeC2O4·2H2O precipitate in a strong acid solution, is proposed to treat the SPS. Initially, the SPS undergoes a two-step impurity removal process, followed by the controlled addition of oxalic acid dihydrate (H2C2O4·2H2O) to precipitate iron. The resulting precipitate is filtered, washed, and vacuum-dried, and the regenerated acid is recycled back into the pickling tank. When 1 g/10 mL of H2C2O4·2H2O is used, the iron removal rate achieves 60%, and the acidity of the regenerated acid increases by 11.3%. X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) and thermogravimetric–differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) characterization showed that the precipitate was α-FeC2O4·2H2O, with an average particle size of about 3.19 μm and a purity of 95.24%. This process innovatively achieves efficient recycling of acid and iron resources, offering a potential solution to the industrial challenge of difficult SPS treatment in the steel industry and meeting the urgent need for sustainable development.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
冶金工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
·
2021
·
IF 9.297
Ya Gao,Tong Yue,Wei Sun,Dongdong He,Chenglong Lu,Xinzhuang Fu
Acid recovering and iron recycling from pickling waste acid are the desired goal of the steel mills for current ecological requirements and economic benefit. This study proposed a novel method to treatment the pickling waste acid using extraction separation of ferric chloride and hydrochloric acid , following by the spray pyrolysis of ferric chloride stripping liquor. Comparing the Ruthner method, the significant technical advantages of this method is the lower treatment load and operating costs for the spray pyrolysis process, attributing to the reuse of most hydrochloric acid without iron powder neutralizing. Different extractants (TBP, CYC, IA, OA, and PA) are compared to extract ferric ion from high-concentration hydrochloric acid solution and the optimum conditions are researched. Spectroscopic analysis is performed to characterize iron state in extractants. For the stripped solution, spray pyrolysis is employed to produce high-purity Fe 2 O 3 fine particles, meanwhile hydrochloric acid is recovered for following pickling procedure. The results showed that the effect of CYC under lower O/A ratio was better than that of TBP, and the opposite occurred at higher ratios. Three-stage extraction efficiency can reach over 80% at O/A = 2:1. The final O/A ratio of 1:1 was chosen for the stripping of iron-loaded extractants. Raman and UV–visible found that it was [FeCl 4 ] - anion that existed in Fe-loaded TBP and CYC. Spray pyrolysis at 1000 °C can obtain fine pure Fe 2 O 3 and hydrochloric acid. Eventually, a feasible technological process was put forward to recycle all chemicals and achieve zero emission of water and solid waste in the whole process.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Xiaolu Sun,Linhua Jiang,Ning Duan,Liye Bao,Hao Jin,Guangbin Zhu,Yong Liu,Zhiguo Song,Rong Zhang
Currently, sulfuration is widely used for the Cu(II) recovery from copper smelting waste acids (CSWA). However, the abundant concomitant heavy metal ions (HMIs) seriously obstruct Cu(II) recovery. In this paper, we find that the precipitation difficulty of HMI sulfide is determined by solubility product constant (Ksp), H + concentration and S(−II) concentration, resulting in the diversified competitive sulfuration behaviors of concomitant HMIs on Cu(II) recovery. For concomitant HMIs without S(−II)-consuming ability, the positive-side competitive sulfuration behaviors on Cu(II) recovery are in the order of In(III) > Zn(II) > Ni(II) > Fe(II) > Mn(II). However, with the formation of concomitant HMIs sulfides, the negative-side competitive sulfuration behaviors on Cu(II) recovery are in the order of Fe(III) > As(III) > Bi(III) > Cd(II). According to the results of diffusion-growth-dissolution model, the S(−II)-combining process on HMIs surface is divided into S(−II)-capturing and S(−II)-consuming stages, related to Ksp value and HMIs precipitation, respectively. In actual CSWA, 5000 ∼ 15000 mg/L As(III) seriously inhibits the recovery efficiency of 500 ∼ 2000 mg/L Cu(II), and other concomitant HMIs (e.g., 250 ∼ 1200 mg/L Zn(II), 300 ∼ 450 mg/L Cd(II), 10 ∼ 200 mg/L Bi(III) and 20 ∼ 200 mg/L Fe(II)) will further affect Cu(II) recovery. Besides, ignoring these diversified competitive sulfurations of concomitant HMIs induces unreasonable S(−II) concentration for complete Cu(II) recovery, resulting in Cu(II) recovery issues: As(III) precipitation and Cu(II) residue. Thus, timely information in instantaneous Cu(II) concentration is a feasible strategy to accurately adjust S(−II) concentration via Cu(II) quantitative model. This work is devoted to the efficient and controllable recovery of Cu resources and the reduction of As-containing hazardous wastes in sulfuration treatment of actual CSWA.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
·
2019
·
IF 1.911
Fanglu Yuan,Lele Cui,Peipei Ding,Wenheng Jing
Electrochemical technologies for the on-site treatment of spent acid etchant have received great attention due their ease of operation and economic benefits. On the other hand, a large amount of Cl 2 is generated during the electrolysis process, which leads to potential environmental risks. In the present work, a novel three-compartment ceramic membrane flow reactor, including a cathode chamber, an anode chamber, and a gas absorption chamber was developed. The three chambers were divided by an Al 2 O 3 ceramic membrane and a breathable hydrophobic anode diffusion electrode (ADE). The Cl 2 evolution onset potential of the ADE was increased to 1.19 V from 1.05 V of the graphite felt, effectively inhibiting the chlorine evolution reaction (CER). The anode-generated Cl 2 diffused into the gas absorption chamber through the ADE and was eventually consumed by the H 2 O 2 adsorbent. Cu could be recovered without emitting chlorine due to the special structure of reactor. The current efficiency of copper precipitation and cathode reduction from Cu 2+ to Cu + reached 97.7% at a working current of 150 mA. These results indicated that the novel membrane reactor had high potential for application in the copper recovery industry.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2020
·
IF 5.774
Hong Wang,Meng Wang
Membrane technologies should have great practical significance in the reclamation of waste acid. In this work, based on unique proton transfer mechanism, a proton permselective membrane is optimally prepared by self-assembly method and used for the waste acid reclamation by the membrane-based processes under different driving forces, such as pressure (PDMP), electric field (EDMP) and concentration gradient (CDMP). Above all, as-prepared membranes are understood from relevant perspectives, including chemical composition, structural morphology and fabricating conditions. Moreover, the effects of series of operating conditions on the corresponding work performances of waste acid recycling processes are explored. At last, a work performance index (WPI) is defined to compare the above membrane processes. Results indicate that PDMP has high processing capacity, whereas EDMP can recover acid with a high concentration. By contrast, CDMP is less energy-consuming. Accordingly, there is no single membrane process which can be regarded as the best choice because they all embrace their own strengths and weaknesses. That is, the combined use of multiple membrane processes and even coupling with other unit operations will be the highlight of future development.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
·
2018
·
IF 6.578
Feng-jiao Li,Yu-xiang Jia,Ting-ting Bai,Meng Wang
Nowadays, the reclamation of industrial waste acid characterized with low acid concentration and high metal ion content has attracted much attention. How to carry out effectively a separation between protons and metal ions becomes a top priority. In this report, a so-called proton permselective composite membrane was prepared specifically for waste acid reclamation by electrodialysis . Above all, a porous supporting membrane was prepared from polysulfone via classical wet phase inversion technology. Therein appropriate amount of sulfonated polysulfone (SPSF) was added to adjust its microstructure. Subsequently, a hydrophilic composite layer, such as Poly(ethylene imine) layer or Poly(vinyl alcohol) layer, was used to endow the proton permeability based on the unique transport mechanism of protons in which water molecules play an important role. ATR-FTIR and SEM were employed to monitor the changes in chemical composition and microstructure of as-prepared membranes, respectively. Furthermore, their electrodialytic transport properties, including electrical resistance, limiting current, water transport behaviors, proton permselectivity and anion-blocking ability, were investigated and compared with those of typical commercial cation-exchange membrane. As confirmed by series of electrochemical characterizations, as-prepared composite membranes, especially PVA-Series membranes, exhibited outstanding work performances and remarkable practical value in the acid recovery. At last, the ion substitution electrodialysis for waste acid reclamation in which typical composite membranes were assembled were also conducted to examine the process energy consumption, the concentration and purity of the produced acid.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
·
2021
·
IF 8.742
Pan Wang,Yu Xiang Jia,Ru Yan,Meng Wang
Nowadays, the development of novel technology for economical and efficient reclamation of waste acid containing metal ions is still the top priority. The graphene oxide (GO)-based membrane has gained attention in the relevant membrane processes driven by pressure gradient, concentration difference and even Donnan potential because of its special two-dimension (2D) structure and abundant hydrophilic sites. However, its work performances for electrodialysis (ED)-based acid recovery process are still unknown. In this work, GO-based proton permselective membranes (PPM) are designed and applied in the ED-based acid recovery. Above all, the possibility of selective separating protons from metal cations by GO membrane under a direct electric field and the related influencing factors are comprehensively explored by molecular dynamic simulation. Furthermore, a series of GO-based PPMs with designed thickness, interlayer spacing and charged state are prepared by adjusting GO loading, employing different crosslinking agents and attaching the relevant polyelectrolytes . Therein, the work performances of GO-based PPMs in a typical ion substitution ED process, including the metal cation leakage, water transport phenomenon and nonideal migration of anions are investigated and compared with those of commercial membrane. Results show that GO membranes prepared and used according to the optimized conditions embrace sharp separating property between protons and metal ions which is hardly deteriorated along with the change of their relative content. On the other hand, it is noticed that the leakage of organic anions and water transport seem to be unavoidable due to the exploitation of the porous support. Obviously, this work can contribute to not only developing a novel PPM for ED but extending the applications of the 2D nanomaterial as well.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境工程
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Nano
·
2025
·
IF 16
Min Jian,Xuan Ding,Qi Li,Yongye Zhao,Bo Wang,Lijun Yang,Lei Jiang,Jun Gao
Proton channels have both high permeability and selectivity, a property that remains unparalleled by artificial materials yet is highly demanded in many applications, including acid recovery and power generation. This work takes inspiration from the structure and surface chemistry of biological proton channels and presents a method to construct covalent organic framework (COF) membranes consisting of high-performance artificial proton channels. The membrane was purposefully rendered amorphous, which eliminates most of the nanoscale pores and induces high steric hindrance to ions. On the other hand, the channels were functionalized with hydrogen-donating groups, allowing protons to hop fast. Interestingly, we found that the presence of hydrated protons causes additional hindrance to ions and thus self-amplifies the proton selectivity. Consequently, the proton selectivity against toxic heavy metal ions is up to 104, significantly surpassing that of commercial acid-recovery membranes. The permeability is comparable to that of biological proton channels (a few mol m–2 h–1). Such membranes allow us to recycle acid from industrial waste brines by a simple diffusion dialysis process without the risk of toxic ion leakage. At the same time, the entropy released by the proton diffusion can be harvested to generate power, achieving a power density superior to that of most previously reported membranes for osmotic energy harvesting.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境工程
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 8.4
Zhijian Jiang,Qian Wang,Zushun Xu,Li Yao,Quanyuan Zhang
Electrodialysis is a promising technology for waste acid recovery with the advantages of low energy consumption and high efficiency. In this work, two nucleobase-modified highly sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) with adenine (SPEEK-50A) and thymine (SPEEK-50T) were successfully synthesized. Then, a series of blending SPEEK-50A x /50T y membranes with varying molar ratios of these two functionalized SPEEKs were fabricated by solution casting. The hydrogen bonding crosslinked structure of ‘A-T base pairs’, as well as the acid-base interactions between the incorporated nucleobases and SO 3 H groups of the polymer backbone, not only enhanced the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the blending membranes, but more importantly, it successfully addressed the over-swelling issue of highly sulfonated SPEEK membrane. The SPEEK-50A x /50T y membranes exhibited tensile strengths between 59.3 and 72.3 MPa, which is 2.2–2.6 times that of the pristine SPEEK membrane. And the water uptake of the blending membranes reduced from 116 % to 14.6–19.2 %, while the swelling ratio decreased from 27.1 % to 5.86–6.60 %. The proton affinity of the multiple basic N atoms in nucleobases, as well as the ‘A-T base pairs’ hydrogen bonding network and acid-base interactions between nucleobases and SO 3 H groups, all can serve as effective proton transport channels. Additionally, the charge repulsion effect of protonated nucleobases and the crosslinking structure is beneficial to the permselectivity. Therefore, the fabricated blending SPEEK-50A x /50T y membranes exhibited superior H + flux (1.66–1.73 mmol m −2 s −1 ) and enhanced H + /Fe 2+ permselectivity (40.3–43.2). The SPEEK-50A 0.5 /50T 0.5 membrane demonstrated a H + flux of 1.70 mmol m −2 s −1 and a H + /Fe 2+ permselectivity of 43.2, which is 2.8 times that of the pristine SPEEK membrane, surpassing both commercially available and recently reported membranes. Therefore, the nucleobase-modified blending SPEEK-50A x /50T y membranes might be potential candidates for the efficient recovery of acid from pickling wastewater.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境工程
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）