Materials
·
2023
·Vol. 16
·期 19
·6404
·
IF 3.4
Gele Teri,Kezhu Han,Dan Huang,Yanli Li,Yuxiao Tian,Xiaolian Chao,Zhihui Jia,Peng Fu,Yuhu Li
Situated in the village of Lama Temple on the eastern bank of the Wulie River in Chengde, Puren Temple stands as one of the few remaining royal temples of great importance from the Kangxi era (1662–1722 AD). This ancient edifice has greatly contributed to the advancement of our comprehension regarding the art of royal temple painting. The present study undertakes a comprehensive analysis and identification of nine samples obtained from the beams and ceiling paintings within the main hall of Puren Temple. Furthermore, a systematic examination of their mineral pigments and adhesives is conducted. The findings from polarized light microscopy (PLM), energy-type X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (ED-XRF), micro-Raman spectroscopy (m-RS), and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analyses reveal that the pigments present in the main hall beams of Puren Temple are cinnabar, lead white, lapis lazuli, and lime green, while the pigments in the ceiling paintings consist of cinnabar, staghorn, lead white, lapis lazuli, and lime green. The use of animal glue as a binder for these pigments on both the main hall beams and ceiling paintings is confirmed via pyrolysis-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py-Gc/Ms) results. These findings hold significant implications for the future restoration of Puren Temple, as they provide valuable guidance for the selection of appropriate restoration materials.Keywords:pigment analyses;building conservation;adhesive
研究领域:
文物保护
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Research
·
2024
·
IF 8.5
Wei Lin,Jiarui Xing,Yang Zhou,Long Pan,Li Yang,Yuan Zhang,Xiong Xiong Liu,Chenchen Xiong,Weihuan Li,ZhengMing Sun
Cement-based materials are the foundation of modern buildings but suffer from intensive energy consumption. Utilizing cement-based materials for efficient energy storage is one of the most promising strategies for realizing zero-energy buildings. However, cement-based materials encounter challenges in achieving excellent electrochemical performance without compromising mechanical properties. Here, we introduce a biomimetic cement-based solid-state electrolyte (labeled as l-CPSSE) with artificially organized layered microstructures by proposing an in situ ice-templating strategy upon the cement hydration, in which the layered micropores are further filled with fast-ion-conducting hydrogels and serve as ion diffusion highways. With these merits, the obtained l-CPSSE not only presents marked specific bending and compressive strength (2.2 and 1.2 times that of traditional cement, respectively) but also exhibits excellent ionic conductivity (27.8 mS·cm−1), overwhelming most previously reported cement-based and hydrogel-based electrolytes. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we assemble the l-CPSSE electrolytes with cement-based electrodes to achieve all-cement-based solid-state energy storage devices, delivering an outstanding full-cell specific capacity of 72.2 mF·cm−2. More importantly, a 5 × 5 cm2 sized building model is successfully fabricated and operated by connecting 4 l-CPSSE-based full cells in series, showcasing its great potential in self-energy-storage buildings. This work provides a general methodology for preparing revolutionary cement-based electrolytes and may pave the way for achieving zero-carbon buildings.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源存储
·
土木工程
·
可持续建筑材料
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
APPLIED ENERGY
·
2024
·
IF 10.1
Jingmeng Sun,Jianuo Xu,Si-Jie Zhou,Yao Pang,Weiye Zhang,Jun Zhou,Yi Liu,Hongwu Guo,Feng Jiang
Incorporating phase change materials (PCMs) into buildings represents a strategic method for reducing reliance on air conditioning systems and decreasing energy usage consequently. Inspired by leaf veins providing channels for transpiration, lignin porous carbon (LPC) was synthesized by chemical activation, showing a vein pore structure . The capillary network system of the LPC provided more channel to adsorb PCM through surface tension and capillary force , achieving an impressive loading capacity of LPC for polyethylene glycol (PEG) (75%), which demonstrated exceptional heat storage capability (133.21 J/g). The lignin-derived wood-plastic composite (L-WPC) was further prepared. With the gradual increase of LPC/PEG, the latent heat of L-WPC increased gradually. The ΔH m, ΔH c and energy storage efficiency of L-WPC-50 (incorporated 50 wt% LPC/PEG-75) reached 39.99 J/g, 42.65 J/g and 90.26%, respectively. The vein pore structure of LPC also provided a thermal conductivity link for L-WPC. L-WPC-50 demonstrated an increased thermal conductivity (0.66 W/(m·K)) and a reduced thermal diffusion coefficient (0.24 mm 2 /s), optimizing the effectiveness of the phase transition. Additionally, L-WPC-50 displayed satisfactory mechanical properties and dimensional stability, with tensile strength , bending modulus and water absorption thickness swelling rate measuring 14.40 MPa, 1043.72 MPa, and 1.61% respectively. It introduced a feasible approach for utilizing biomass in enhancing building energy efficiency , marking a significant stride towards reducing building energy consumption and advocating sustainable energy practices.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源工程
·
建筑技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
·
2019
·
IF 6.282
Le Cheng,Jiachun Feng
In this work, form-stable phase change composites (PCCs) was prepared based on wood flour (WF), the by-product of timber industry, via delignification and impregnation with myristyl alcohol (MA). After delignification, the micro-channel structure inherited from wood was still maintained and unblocked in delignified wood flour (dWF), which are beneficial to accommodate and restrict solid-liquid phase change materials (PCMs). The dWF/MA PCCs exhibit excellent leakage-proof properties even at temperature much higher than the melting point of MA and high phase change enthalpy. The dWF/MA PCCs were further used to fabricate composite boards by bonding with urea–formaldehyde (UF) resin. The temperature management effect of dWF/MA/UF boards was tentatively demonstrated through constructing building models and measuring the inner temperature-time curves. This work provides a promising way to fully utilize and functionalize WF and broad its application in energy-related areas.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CARBON
·
2022
·
IF 11.307
Daokui Li,Yili Tang,Xiaochao Zuo,Xiaoguang Zhao,Kaixuan Shang,Huaming Yang
Energy storage materials show enormous potential for the development of energy-saving buildings. However, high-performance composite phase-change materials (PCMs) usually exhibit complex and low photothermal conversion efficiencies. This significantly hinders their application in the construction field. Herein, we reported an effective strategy to construct attapulgite, expanded perlite, and graphite (AEG) ternary composite mineral microspheres through spray drying. Supporting materials were selected to integrate the unique advantages of the materials and achieve a functional design with synergistic benefits. Paraffin–AEG (P-AEG) composite PCMs with light-to-heat conversion and thermal energy storage functions were fabricated via vacuum impregnation. The prepared P-AEG exhibited an excellent light–thermal conversion capability, with a conversion efficiency as high as 92%. In addition, the thermal energy storage building materials constructed with the P-AEG composite PCMs and concrete (P-AEG-C) exhibited exceptional thermal management abilities. At the peak position in the heating stage and the bottom position in the cooling stage, the temperature of the P-AEG-C was 3.9 °C lower and 7.5 °C higher than that of concrete, respectively. The P-AEG-C exhibited excellent mechanical properties with a compressive strength of 14.8 MPa, and thus, it has enormous potential in light–thermal conversion applications and energy-saving buildings.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源工程
·
建筑工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2024
·
IF 7.1
Qiuying Wang,Zhiwei Wang,Menghang Qi,Hang Zhao,Xin Xin,Anjali Verma,Theeranun Siritanon,Arthur P. Ramirez,M.A. Subramanian,Peng Jiang
The severe urban heat island effect emphasizes the heightened importance of reducing building energy consumption. Cool pigments with higher near-infrared reflectivity contribute to the overall coating performance of the building. In this work, a novel intense blue pigment with superior infrared reflectance based on Ni-doped Zn2SiO4 was successfully synthesized via the simple solid-state method. The crystal structure, oxidation states, and optical properties are analyzed. The oxidation state of Ni was confirmed to be +2 using magnetic analysis and XPS. The intense blue color exhibited by the solid solution is due to the 3T1(3F) → 3T1(3P) transition of Ni2+ at the tetrahedral sites. UV–vis–NIR spectra demonstrate that this pigment exhibits superior near-infrared reflectance compared to cobalt blue in the range of 900–1700 nm, indicating its potential application in the realm of building energy conservation.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
·
2020
·
IF 4.419
Jiaji Cheng,Yue Zhou,Dan Ma,Shaoxiang Li,Feng Zhang,Yu Guan,Wenjuan Qu,Yang Jin,Dong Wang
The phase change material (PCM) microcapsule is a common high-performance storage technology of thermal energy. However, the organic wall with low thermal conductivity for PCM reduces the efficiency of heat storage and release. In this study, the novel carbon nanotube-doped phase change materials (C-PCMs) were developed. Scanning electron microscope test (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry (TG-IR) were used to analyse the composite structure and thermal performances. The results indicate that C-PCMs are small and regular in spherical shape. When C-PCMs suffer from heat, the shell can maintain integrity below 165 °C. Furthermore, the carbon nanotubes in the shell play as a channel to connect the inside with the outside and improve the efficiency of heat transfer. The DCS test of the samples showed that the latent heat of C-PCMs and PCMs were 112.25 J/g and 116.18 J/g, respectively. The initial phase transition temperature of C-PCMs is 28.97 °C, which is 0.5 °C lower than that of PCMs. The results of the model room test suggested that the composite filled with C-PCMs reduces indoor temperature fluctuations and exhibits the potential for enhancing energy savings and the thermal comfort of buildings.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Energy Storage
·
2024
·
IF 8.9
Zijie Geng,Chen Shi,Qing Zhao,Liu Yang
A new phase change heat storage coating is prepared in this study, which can regulate indoor temperature. The composite phase change material (D/PCM) with modified diatomite and paraffin was prepared by the porous material adsorption method. D/PCM and coatings were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cycle leakage ratio. The SEM results showed that diatomite modified by high-temperature expansion and acidification has a better adsorption capacity . D/PCM and C-D/PCM (heat storage coatings with D/PCM) have nearly no leakage and still show good thermal stability after 500 thermal cycles. In addition, the heat transfer process in a physical model of a reinforced concrete wall was simulated based on hourly variations in summer temperatures in Xi'an, China. The results show that C-D/PCM with a phase change temperature of 26–28 °C and a thickness of 5 mm provides greater heat storage capacity, good temperature regulation and energy savings within a reasonable thickness range in summer. The selected PCM coatings have a small temperature fluctuation (2.54 °C) and a high phase change utilization ratio (75 %), which can reduce the wall cooling load by 18.67 % in summer and save energy.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
建筑节能
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Frontiers in Built Environment
·
2022
·
IF 0
Sousan Ghanbari,Mansour Yeganeh,Mohammad Reza bemanian
Housing is the most essential human need that in the past, rural houses have met this need well. Indigenous rural homes have undergone changes over time, some of which have been based on internal needs and needs, and some have been due to development and exogenous changes. One of the most critical steps to identify this type of change is the typology of indigenous homes; In this way, an essential step in the path of cognition, understanding and more coverage of this phenomenon is taken. Based on this, the present study intends to study and analyze the architectural types of houses in Talesh village, which originate from human nature, natural space and the bed in which they are formed. Therefore, to estimate the proportions and classification of the architectural plans of its houses, it is necessary to use a quantitative-qualitative research method. Mathematics is used in the Python programming language in data analysis. For this purpose, by selecting 150 samples of rural houses in the form of purposeful clusters and converting the created matrix from the dimensions and size of the plans to zero and one code, their similarity has been calculated. They are in close categories. Findings obtained by simulating the plans show that sloping roofs, building elevation, east-west orientation, porch, open plan and natural ventilation are common features in all indigenous houses. It is found in this area. Therefore, in general, the two architectural patterns in this area are one-story houses and Telar houses, in which high chair houses are a frequent type.
研究领域:
建筑学
·
民居建筑研究
·
地域建筑类型学
✓ 已验证
DOI
ADVANCED MATERIALS
·
2025
·
IF 26.8
Qiang Cai,Junyuan Guo,Rui Zhang,Zijian Li,Pan Feng,Jingjing Luo,Xiaoli Zhao,Linglin Xu,Kai Wu
Cement-based batteries (CEMBs) uniquely integrate energy storage and load-bearing functions, offering transformative potential for self-powered and sustainable buildings. Unfortunately, their application is greatly hindered by low capacity and limited cycle life. The high tortuosity of ion transport at the centimeter scale, and sluggish kinetics at the electrolyte/electrode interfaces in CEMBs are the two main reasons for the limited energy storage performance. Herein, these issues by designing vertically aligned pore channels in a cement matrix is overcome, mimicking the tracheid structure of conifer. This bioinspired design reduces the ion transport tortuosity from 7.80 to 2.86, resulting in a fourfold increase in ion conductivity (to 32.7 mS cm −1 ), while maintaining high mechanical strength (41.6 MPa). The quasi-solid-state CEMBs demonstrate superior performance, delivering a remarkable capacity of 114 mAh g −1 and retaining 63.2% of their capacity after 300 cycles at 0.5 A g −1 . In comparison, traditional CEMBs exhibit a lower initial capacity of 62 mAh g −1 and experience rapid degradation, losing functionality after just 75 cycles. Impressively, the bioinspired CEMBs can simultaneously charge a mobile phone and endure external mechanical loads, showcasing their dual functionality. This innovative bioinspired design presents a promising pathway for scaling up cement-based energy storage systems to enable low-carbon, self-powered buildings.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
储能技术
·
土木工程
·
电化学
·
可持续建筑技术
·
仿生学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF WUHAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY-MATERIALS SCIENCE EDITION
·
2024
·Vol. 39
·期 4
·962-967
·
IF 1.3
Liu Zhigang,Tang Zezheng,Yang Lirong,Wang Chunmei,Xie Yuantao,Liu Yisen
The retarding effect of protein retarder on phosphorus building gypsum (PBG) and desulfurization building gypsum (DBG) was investigated, and the results show that protein retarder for DBG can effectively prolong the setting time and displays a better retarding effect, but for PBG shows a poor retarding effect. Furthermore, the deterioration reason of the retarding effect of protein retarder on PBG was investigated by measuring the pH value and the retarder concentration of the liquid phase from vacuum filtration of PBG slurry at different hydration time, and the measure to improve the retarding effect of protein retarding on PBG was suggested. The pH value of PBG slurry (<5.0) is lower than that of DBG slurry (7.8–8.5). After hydration for 5 min, the concentration of retarder in liquid phase of DBG slurry gradually decreases, but in liquid phase of PBG slurry continually increases, which results in the worse retarding effect of protein retarder on PBG. The liquid phase pH value of PBG slurry can be adjusted higher by sodium silicate, which is beneficial to improvement in the retarding effect of the retarder. By adding 1.0% of sodium silicate, the initial setting time of PBG was efficiently prolonged from 17 to 210 min, but little effect on the absolute dry flexural strength was observed.
研究领域:
建筑材料学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
·
2024
·
IF 6.1
Hanze Wei,Ziao Zheng,Xiaoling Xu,Chunyuan Zheng,Bin Li,Bingchen Zhao,Ziqing Wei,Xiaoqiang Zhai
Integrating Phase Change Material (PCM) with building envelope is a promising way to reduce building energy consumption. However, leakage and insufficient PCM loading rate for existing encapsulation strategies limit its further application. In this work, a safer and easier way to fabricate Shape-Stable Phase Change Material (SSPCM) is proposed, whose products combine the outstanding leakage-proof property and high PCM loading rate. With the method of in-situ polymerization, not only the Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) is packaged by Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA), but the Expanded Graphite (EG) also has a chance to be added as the property regulator. The prepared SSPCMs are proved to be shape-stable over melting temperature with a leakage rate under 1 %. The characterization test reveals that with EG mass fraction increase from 0 to 2.5 %, the thermal conductivity augments from 0.23 to 1.73 W/(m·K) while the phase change latent enthalpy changes from 85.11 kJ/kg to 116.10 kJ/kg. Notably, the EG is more than a thermal conductivity enhancer, it also plays an important role in the modification of comprehensive properties. To optimize the building energy-saving performance of SSPCMs, the factors affecting building cooling electricity consumption like deployment position and thermal properties are evaluated in detail. The simulation results show that the optimum strategy is employing SSPCM with 2.0 wt% EG in the middle of the envelope, the cooling electricity consumption can be reduced by 8.64 % compared with the benchmark. The physical mechanism of energy-saving is also discussed from multiple angles. From a statistical view, sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of the simulation results is completed, to identify the influence of input parameters and validate the reliability of the simulation results. Finally, an economic analysis is carried out, proving the economic feasibility for further application. This research provides valuable insights for SSPCM’s application and design of energy-efficient buildings.
研究领域:
建筑材料
·
能源与环境工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）