POLYMER
·
2025
·
IF 4.5
Qiuyun Fu,Wei Ding,Ruofan Liu,Yushun Jin,Yibo Wu
In the field of cationic polymerization, ferric chloride (FeCl 3 ) has demonstrated exceptional initiation activity but is plagued by inherent structural instability. Consequently, enhancing the stability of this Lewis acid catalyst while preserving its high reactivity represents a critical research challenge with significant practical implications. This study introduces a novel approach by utilizing the [FeCl 3 ∙i-Pr 2 O] complex as a co-initiator, achieving a one-step protocol for the living cationic polymerization of isobutylene (IB) to produce highly reactive polyisobutylene (HRPIB) with α-olefin content reaching up to 94 %. The research systematically investigates the polymerization kinetics by examining the effects of isopropyl ether (i-Pr 2 O) content, reaction time, solvent polarity, and monomer concentration. Through comprehensive 1 H NMR structural analysis and Gaussian 09 computational simulations, the study reveals that i-Pr 2 O plays a dual-functional role: it not only stabilizes the FeCl 3 active centers but also promotes polyisobutylene chain termination, ultimately yielding three distinct olefin-terminated polyisobutylene derivatives. Building upon this innovative polymerization strategy, the research successfully demonstrates the synthesis of a PIBVE-b-PIB-b-PIBVE triblock copolymer using the [tBuDiCumCl] [FeCl 3 ∙i-Pr 2 O] initiation system.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2023
·Vol. 13
·期 5
·3033-3038
·
IF 3.9
Yi-Jie Wang,Yu-Fen Bao,Xiao-Jie Lu,Jia-Qi Dong,Ding-Hua Liu
An SBA-15 loaded CuSO4 catalyst was designed and prepared for the highly selective production of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (BHT) from p-cresol and isobutylene. The acidity of solid acid catalysts was altered by varying the loading amount of CuSO4. Among them, 10% CuSO4/SBA-15 exhibited the greatest catalytic performance in the alkylation reaction with a BHT yield of 85.5%. After four cycles, the yield of BHT exceeded 70%. Overall, the catalyst has excellent catalytic performance and can be utilized as a catalyst for efficient BHT production.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
催化科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Lubricants
·
2022
·Vol. 10
·期 8
·189
·
IF 3.584
Jiju Guan,Chao Gao,Zhengya Xu,Lanyu Yang,Shuiquan Huang
Developing high-efficiency lubricant additives and high-performance green cutting fluids has universal significance for maximizing processing efficiency, lowering manufacturing cost, and more importantly reducing environmental concerns caused by the use of conventional mineral oil-based cutting fluids. In this study, a nanocomposite is synthesized by filling sulfurized isobutylene (T321) into acid-treated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with a liquid-phase wet chemical method. The milling performance of a nanocutting fluid containing CNTs@T321 composites is assessed using a micro-lubrication technology in terms of cutting temperature, cutting force, tool wear, and surface roughness. The composite nanofluid performs better than an individual CNT nanofluid regarding milling performance, with 12%, 20%, and 15% reductions in the cutting force, machining temperature, and surface roughness, respectively. The addition of CNTs@T321 nanocomposites improves the thermal conductivity and wetting performance of the nanofluid, as well as produces a complex lubricating film by releasing T321 during machining. The synergistic effect improves the cutting state at the tool–chip interface, thereby resulting in improved machining performance.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
机械工程
·
绿色制造
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2024
·
IF 6.7
Zhenfeng Sun,Kaiqiang Zhao,Chen Wang,Jie Li,Haisheng Xu,Chao Yang
Presulfiding agents are widely used in oil refining and chemical industry, how to produce safe and efficient presulfiding agent by more environmentally friendly synthesis process are still problems to be solved. In this study, the organic polysulfide FSA-55 was synthesized by a practical one-pot process using isobutene and sulfur as raw materials and organic amine as a catalysts. The product components were analyzed and the possible catalytic reaction pathways in the thermal conversion of sulfides were elucidated. The amine catalysts showed a catalytic activities in inducing the ring opening of the cyclic molecular structure of sulfur at high temperature, thereby releasing the reactive sulfur radicals, which react with unsaturated double bonds through addition reactions. Different molecular structures of polysulfide were generated through molecular rearrangement and cyclization reactions. The suitability of the product as a presulfiding agent was investigated by analyzing the thermal properties and studying the presulfiding effect on hydrogenation catalysts. The polysulfide has a wide decomposition temperature range (100–260 °C), which can effectively avoid the occurrence of concentrated exothermic phenomena during presulfiding of hydrogenation catalysts. The presulfiding degree of the catalysts can reach 58.32%, which shows the great potential of oil processing as a presulfiding agent.
研究领域:
石油化工
·
催化化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2021
·
IF 3.764
Zhongwen Dong,Xinyi Wang,Weifeng Chu,Chuanyu Yang,Yanan Wang,Lin Mei,Dongpu Zhao,Wenjie Xin,Shenglin Liu,Hongxia Wang,Yongchen Shang,Longya Xu
A fast synthetic methodology of β-zeolite with the assistance of γ-butyrolactone (GBL) has been developed in this paper, and the synthetic parameters are systematically investigated to obtain β-zeolite efficiently. Compared to the conventional synthetic system with a crystallization time of 120 h, GBL promotes the crystallization of β-zeolite in a much shorter time of 24 h. An accelerated nucleation mechanism of β-zeolite assisted by GBL is unraveled by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry–differential thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and NMR techniques. The results demonstrate that GBL can adjust the pH value of the initial gels and enhance the combination of TEA+ with aluminosilicate species; in the meantime, the Hoffmann degradation of TEAOH is suppressed. In addition, the β-catalyst obtained with the assistance of GBL exhibits both a higher selectivity of tert-butylbenzene and excellent catalytic stability in the alkylation of benzene with isobutylene compared with the commercial β-catalyst with a similar SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
催化材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Polymer Chemistry
·
2025
·Vol. 16
·期 9
·1044-1056
·
IF 3.9
He-Ying Wang,Feng-Yu Zhang,Si-Hao Li,Zi-Yang Song,Yang Wang,Yi-Xian Wu
The controlled/living cationic copolymerizations of isobutylene (IB) with alkenyl styrenes including 4-allylstyrene (AS), p-(3-butenyl)-styrene (BS) and p-(5-hexenyl)-styrene (HS) were carried out in n-hexane/CH2Cl2 (6/4 v/v) at −80 °C using a t-BuCl/FeCl3/iPrOH initiating system. The random copolymers of IB with AS, BS or HS could be obtained without crosslinking and the contents of AS units in the copolymers linearly increased from 0.71 mol% to 14.23 mol% with an increase in the feed ratio of AS. The monomer reactivity ratios (r) were determined to be rAS = 4.16 and rIB = 1.66 by the Fineman–Ross method, respectively. The livingness of cationic copolymerization of IB with AS was confirmed by All Monomer In (AMI) and Incremental Monomer Addition (IMA) techniques at −80 °C. The yields, Mn and Mw/Mn of the resulting copolymers decreased with increasing polymerization temperature (Tp) and the apparent activation energy (Ea) depended on Tp. The pendant vinyl groups in the above poly(IB-co-AS) copolymers can be completely converted into hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups or epoxy groups via hydroboration/oxidation, thiol–ene click reaction or epoxidation. The hydrophilicity on the film surface of functionalized copolymers with hydroxyl, carboxyl or epoxy pendant groups could be improved by introduction of the functional groups and the water contact angle (WCA) of poly(IB-co-AS) with epoxy pendant groups decreased from 134.9° to 78.7° upon increasing the molar content of epoxy groups from 0 to 3.99%. Therefore, the random isobutylene/alkenyl styrene copolymers containing plentiful pendant vinyl groups and versatile polar groups would have potential applications in highly reactive elastomers, adhesives and amphiphilic materials with inorganic fillers.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
·
2019
·
IF 7.015
Shuhao Wang,Kaifeng Gu,Jian Wang,Yong Zhou,Congjie Gao
Preparation of novel swelling resistance membrane by interpenetrating an immiscible flexible polyisobutylene (PIB) polymer into a rigid polyamide (PA) network by interfacial polymerization. Due to the force interlocking of flexible PIB, polyamide network has high strength and excellent resistance to methanol. The PA layer was characterized by mechanical strength , attenuated total reflection fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), contact angle, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). RO membrane performances were evaluated based on small molecule alcohol (methanol and ethanol) solution of Safranin O. The results show that the flexible PIB interpenetrates well in the rigid polyamide network and improves mechanical strength and swelling resistance. With an increasing concentration of PIB from 0% to 0.30% in the organic phase during the fabrication, the mechanical strength of the PA layer becomes 2.8 times that of the original, and the rejection of Safranin O increased from 95.43% to 99.43%, and the permeability coefficient ( B s ) decreased from 5.22 to 0.47.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
膜技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
·
2023
·
IF 4.7
Mingzu Liu,Xiuxiu Zhao,Zefeng Ma,Bing Yuan,Fengli Yu,Congxia Xie,Shitao Yu
As a naturally rigid polycyclic biomass platform compound without oxygen, α-pinene has always been expected to develop high-energy–density fuel with both good combustion performance and cryogenic properties by increasing carbon number in a high atom economical way. The present work has explored the screening of alkylation blocks for α-pinene over H 3 PW 12 O 40 (HPW). Here, a novel pinene-based blended fuel was prepared through cross-alkylation of α-pinene with mixed isobutane/isobutene, the common low-cost feedstock of alkylated gasoline. The reaction conditions including feed composition, reaction time, catalyst dosage, and reaction temperature were optimized. The mechanism of the hybrid alkylation process was further computationally speculated and experimentally verified. Produced liquid hydrocarbon products after hydrogenation and vacuum distillation possessed higher net heat of combustion and flash point than those of pinane, and lower freezing point and viscosity than those of dimers fuel from pinene. These favorable performances indicate that alkylated pinanes have promising potential as high-energy aviation fuel.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
能源科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH
·
2025
·Vol. 32
·期 3
·1-10
·
IF 2.8
Feng Yanqing,Guo Penghui,Ding Wei,Jin Yushun,Liu Ruofan,Wu Yibo
The use of renewable bio-based monomers to prepare polyisobutylene-based polymers can not only reduce the dependence on petroleum resources but also promote the green transformation of the cationic polymerization industry. Herein, 2-chloro-2,4,4-trimethylpentane (TMPCl) was synthesized as the main initiator and then cooperated with co-initiator TiCl 4 to construct a cationic initiation system, which was successfully used in preparing poly(isobutylene- co - β -myrcene). The effects of co-initiator concentration, monomer concentration and monomer feed ratio on the copolymerization of isobutylene (IB) and β -myrcene were investigated. The results showed that the molecular weight (M n ) first increased and then decreased with elevating the concentration of TiCl 4 . When the monomer concentration was 15 wt% and the monomer feed ratio (mole ratio between IB and β -myrcene) was 98:2, an IB- co - β -myrcene random copolymer with a molecular weight of 7.3 × 10 3 g/mol and a lower T g (-67.97 ℃) was obtained. According to the 1 H NMR analysis of the polymer structure and terminal groups, it was suggested that IB and β -myrcene mainly formed the copolymer with 1,4 structural unit under this initiation system, thus the cationic polymerization mechanism of IB and β -myrcene was further proposed. This work can provide basic data and theoretical guidance for the manufacture of greener polyisobutylene-based polymers in the future.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
绿色化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CATALYSIS COMMUNICATIONS
·
2020
·
IF 3.612
Jiyuan Li,Zhuxiu Zhang,Mifen Cui,Qing Liu,Zhaoyang Fei,Xian Chen,Jihai Tang,Xu Qiao
The acid-catalyzed Markovnikov addition of isobutene is affected by the concomitant isobutene oligomerization. Herein, a solid acid catalyst consisting of the sulfonated silica modified with crystalline ZrSiO 4 was prepared, and the ZrSiO 4 /SiO 2 -SO 3 H catalyst went beyond conventional acid catalysts in the hydroacetoxylation of isobutene. The structure of the catalyst was well-characterized, and the role of ZrSiO 4 in suppressing the dimerization of isobutene was discussed in terms of both kinetic study and in-situ DRIFT analysis. Moreover, this catalyst also showed general applicability for a broad substrate scope, further highlighting the necessity of ZrSiO 4 in the solid acid catalyst.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
催化科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL
·
2018
·
IF 4.521
Biao Zhao,Yong Men,Anni Zhang,Jinguo Wang,Rong He,Wei An,Shenxiao Li
The effects of zinc precursors on the performance of bifunctinal Zn 1 Zr 10 O x catalysts were investigated for direct conversion of bio-ethanol into isobutene (ETIB). The catalyst derived from zinc acetate precursor exhibited full ethanol conversion and 50% isobutene yield at a WHSV of 0.38 g ethanol g cat −1 h −1 at 450 °C. Characterization results based on XRD, FT-IR, UV–vis, Raman, BET, CO 2 -TPD, NH 3 -TPD, H 2 -TPR, and XPS revealed that Zn 1 Zr 10 O x catalyst prepared by zinc acetate precursor with large anion size possessed the highest zinc dispersion and the strong ZnO-ZrO 2 interaction, and presented the highest ethanol reaction rate and isobutene yield under kinetic control regime. The beneficial effect of larger anion size was rationalized by the shielding effect in the incorporation model dominated by the size of capping anion in zinc precursors. Further durability test showed that the catalyst exhibited slow deactivation against coking formation while isobutene yield was maintained above 45% for 18 h.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
催化科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
GREEN CHEMISTRY
·
2014
·Vol. 16
·期 11
·4669-4679
·
IF 6.852
Jinxia Zhou,Yu Wang,Xinwen Guo,Jingbo Mao,Shuguang Zhang
A sulfonated graphene catalyst (SG) prepared by grafting sulfonic acid-containing aryl radicals onto the two-dimensional surface of graphene was used for the etherification of glycerol with isobutene, and a reaction–extraction process was developed for easy realization of product isolation and catalyst recycling. With its ultra thin two-dimensional open substrate, stable sulfonic acid sites, amphiphilic properties and light texture, SG exhibited excellent catalytic performance in the etherification reaction. At 60–70 °C with 4 wt% catalyst loading and a molar ratio of isobutene/glycerol 4, a nearly complete conversion of glycerol in 7 h and a selectivity of more than 90 mol% to desired multi-butyl glycerol ethers were achieved. Moreover, undesired oligomerization of isobutene was successfully suppressed. When extracted with fresh glycerol, the mixture after reaction was successfully layered to two phases, with a transparent liquid containing no less than 96 wt% di- and tri-butyl glycerol ethers in the top phase as a product and a black mixture consisting of glycerol and SG in the bottom phase which can be used to start a new run with fresh isobutene addition. During six consecutive reaction–extraction cycles the catalyst maintained its robust performance.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
催化科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）