Animal
·
2017
·Vol. 12
·期 3
·491-500
·
IF 1.921
Q. Liu,C. Wang,G. Guo,W. J. Huo,Y. L. Zhang,C. X. Pei,S. L. Zhang,H. Wang
Isovalerate supplements could stimulate rumen development by improving morphology and function of rumen mucosa, and then promote the growth of calves. This study was done to evaluate the effects of isovalerate supplements on morphology and functional gene expression of rumen mucosa in dairy calves. In total, 48 Chinese Holstein male calves with 15 days of age and 45.1±0.36 kg of BW were randomly assigned to four groups. The treatments were: control, low-isovalerate, moderate-isovalerate and high-isovalerate with 0, 3, 6 and 9 g isovalerate per calf per day, respectively. Supplementary isovalerate was hand-mixed into milk in pre-weaning calves and into concentrate portion in post-weaning calves. The study consisted of a 15-day-adaptation period and a 60-day-sampling period. Calves were weaned at 60 days of age. Three calves were slaughtered from each of the four treatments at 30, 60 and 90 days of age. The weight of body and stomach were measured, samples of ruminal tissues and blood were analyzed. Total stomach weight, total stomach to BW ratio, rumen wall and keratinized layer thickness, serum growth hormone and IGF-1 for both pre- and post-weaning calves increased linearly with increasing isovalerate supplements. Rumen to total stomach weight ratio, the length and width of rumen papillae, and serum β-hydroxybutyrate increased linearly for post-weaning calves. However, abomasum weight to total stomach weight ratio decreased linearly for both pre- and post-weaning calves. The relative messenger RNA expression for growth hormone receptor, IGF-1 receptor and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 in rumen mucosa increased linearly for post-weaning calves. Our results suggested that isovalerate supplements promoted rumen development in a dose-dependent manner. The optimum dose was 6.0 g isovalerate per calf per day.
研究领域:
动物科学
·
分子生物学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE
·
2018
·Vol. 156
·期 2
·272-281
·
IF 1.186
Q. Liu,C. Wang,Y. L Zhang,C. X. Pei,S. L Zhang,G. Guo,W. J. Huo,W. Z. Yang
The present study evaluated the effects of isovalerate supplementation on the development of the small intestinal mucosa in dairy calves. Forty-eight Chinese Holstein bull calves at 15 days of age and 45.1 ± 0.36 kg of body weight were assigned randomly to four groups. The treatments were control, low-isovalerate, moderate-isovalerate and high-isovalerate with 0, 3, 6 and 9 g isovalerate per calf per day, respectively. The study comprised 75 days with a 15-day adaptation period followed by a 60-day sampling period. Calves were weaned at 60 days of age. Six calves were chosen from each treatment at random and slaughtered at 30 and 90 days of age. The small intestine morphology and activities of amylase and trypsin improved significantly with increasing age. No interaction between treatments and age was observed. The small intestine length, mucosa layer thickness, villus height and crypt depth increased linearly with increasing isovalerate supplementation. However, the ratio of villus height to crypt depth was not affected by treatment. Activities of amylase and trypsin increased linearly. The lactase activity increased linearly during the 75-day period and for pre-weaned calves but was unaltered for post-weaned calves. The relative mRNA expressions of growth hormone receptor, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and sodium-glucose co-transporter-1 in the small intestine mucosa increased linearly, and a similar pattern was observed for the expression of peptide transporter-1 in the duodenum and proximal jejunum. The results suggested that small intestine development was promoted by isovalerate in a dose-dependent manner.
研究领域:
动物营养学
·
胃肠生理学
·
分子生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 4.9
Changtong Guo,Xiangda Shi,Bingbing Luo,Yuxuan Yang,Jian Huang,Jiale Xu,Rong Zheng,Siwen Jiang,Jin Chai
In actual production, the restraint stress caused by crowded and narrow spaces, as well as operations such as capture and transportation, can lead to intestinal inflammation and affect animal growth performance, damaging the economic benefits of livestock farms. Isovaleric acid, a type of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), has been found to be useful in enhancing calf digestion and inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors. In this study, we first constructed a mouse model of chronic restraint stress (CRS) and fed a diet supplemented with sodium isovalerate to mice with CRS to investigate the mitigating effect of exogenously added isovalerate on mice with chronic restraint stress. An inflammation model was then constructed using piglet jejunal epithelial cell line-J2 (IPEC-J2) to simulate intestinal inflammation after stress, and to investigate the mitigating effect of isovaleric acid on inflammation as well as the repairing effect on intestinal barrier. The results showed that feeding sodium isovalerate significantly increased the weight gain as well as the body weight growth rate of CRS mice from 1-28 days ( P < 0.05), and extremely significantly decreased the feed intake and feed to gain ratio of CRS mice ( P < 0.01). In addition, feeding sodium isovalerate ameliorated the decrease in organ index in mice caused by CRS and significantly increased leg muscle index in CRS mice ( P < 0.05). Meanwhile, feeding sodium isovalerate improved depressive behavior and promoted 5-HT secretion in the brain and hypothalamus of CRS mice. Besides, feeding sodium isovalerate ameliorated intestinal inflammation in CRS mice, as evidenced by extremely significantly decreased the expression of colonic inflammatory factors and increased the expression of tight junction proteins ( P < 0.01). It was found that the addition of isovaleric acid extremely significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory factors and the phosphorylation level of NF-κB p65 in inflammatory cells ( P < 0.01), extremely significantly increased the survival rate of inflammatory cells ( P < 0.01) and the expression of tight junction proteins ( P < 0.05), improved the morphology of inflammatory cells. After the addition of short-chain fatty acid receptor GPR41 and GPR43 antagonists, the resistance effect of isovaleric acid on inflammation was inhibited. The above results suggest that isovaleric acid has an ameliorating effect on CRS in mice and inhibits NF-κB activation thereby exerting its anti-inflammatory effect.
研究领域:
生物化学
·
免疫学
·
动物营养学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
·
2014
·Vol. 217
·期 19
·3512-3518
·
IF 3.002
Li Jianjun,Wang Zhengwei,Tan Ken,Qu Yufeng,Nieh James C.
Social pollinators such as honey bees face attacks from predators not only at the nest, but also during foraging. Pollinating honey bees can therefore release alarm pheromones that deter conspecifics from visiting dangerous inflorescences. However, the effect of alarm pheromone and its chemical components upon bee avoidance of dangerous food sources remains unclear. We tested the responses of giant honey bee foragers, Apis dorsata , presented with alarm pheromone at a floral array. Foragers investigated the inflorescence with natural alarm pheromone, but 3.3-fold more foragers preferred to land on the ‘safe’ inflorescence without alarm pheromone. Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis, we identified eight chemical components in the alarm pheromone, of which three components (1-octanol, decanal and gamma-octanoic lactone) have not previously been reported in this species. We bioassayed six major compounds and found that a synthetic mixture of these compounds elicited behaviors statistically indistinguishable from responses to natural alarm pheromone. By testing each compound separately, we show that gamma-octanoic lactone, isopentyl acetate and (E)-2-decen-1-yl acetate are active compounds that elicit significant alarm responses. Gamma-octanoic lactone elicited the strongest response to a single compound and has not been previously reported in honey bee alarm pheromone. Isopentyl acetate is widely found in the alarm pheromones of sympatric Asian honey bee species, and thus alarmed A. dorsata foragers may produce information useful for conspecifics and heterospecifics, thereby broadening the effects of alarm information on plant pollination.
研究领域:
昆虫学
·
化学生态学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
·
2017
·
IF 2.323
Feng Zhou,Lei Zhong,Changxu Chen,Ye Li,Chunjian Xu
Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for binary systems of isoamyl alcohol + dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and isoamyl acetate + DMSO, and the ternary system of isoamyl alcohol+ isoamyl acetate + DMSO at 101.33 kPa were measured by a modified Rose-Williams equilibrium still. The binary experimental data were checked by Herington method and a Van Ness test to verified thermodynamic consistency. The ternary VLE data was checked by Van Ness test. The experimental measurements of the binary systems were correlated by Wilson, nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) and universal quasichemical (UNIQUAC) activity coefficient models with minor deviation. The ternary VLE data predicted by the obtained correlation parameters fit well with the experimental data. The experimental results indicate that the relative volatility between isoamyl alcohol and isoamyl acetate is changed obviously with the addition of DMSO as an entrainer at 0.50 mass fraction, which shows DMSO is an effective solvent for the separation of isoamyl alcohol and isoamyl acetate mixture in extractive distillation.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
热力学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN
·
2019
·Vol. 52
·期 1
·69-74
·
IF 0.627
Miao Xue,Mei-Hua Zhu,Cai-Jun Zhong,Yu-Qin Li,Na Hu,Izumi Kumakiri,Xiang Shu Chen,Hidetoshi Kita
A high performance ZSM-5 zeolite membrane is applied to remove H2O from the esterification of acetic acid and isopentanol by pervaporation. The influences of reaction conditions on the isoamyl acetate yield are studied in detail. Compared with the traditional esterification of acetic acid and isopentanol, the esterification with “membrane extractor” has a well isoamyl acetate yield at low reaction temperature. With the reaction temperature, acetic acid/isopentanol molar ratio and effective membrane surface area to esterification mixture ratio volume of 100°C, 3.0/1.0, 2.0 wt% NaHSO4, and 0.26 cm2/cm3, respectively, the isoamyl acetate yields was 98.39%, the membrane flux and separation factor (H2O to organic) were 0.21 kg·m−2·h−1 and 1040, respectively. Further, the ZSM-5 zeolite membrane shows good long–term stability and reproducibility for the pervaporation-esterification, the isoamyl acetate yields of the esterification-pervaporation for intermittent 8 times or continuous 160 h still remained at 97.73% and 98.30%, respectively. In addition, the ZSM-5 zeolite membrane still retained the typical MFI diffraction peaks and morphology by XRD and SEM characterization after long-term PV–esterification .
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
·
2025
·
IF 8
Miao Hu,Yaxin Gao,Weimin Meng,Pengfei Zhang,Jiao Wang,Zifan Yuan,Bei Fan,Fengzhong Wang,Shuying Li
Bacillus subtilis is the primary strain used in fermented soy products. The applicant fermented soymilk with the laboratory strain B. subtilis BSNK-5 to enhance nutrient density. However, prolonged fermentation caused rapid deterioration in flavor, resulting in an off-flavor poorly accepted by consumers, limiting its industrial application. Studies identified isovaleric acid (IVA), isobutyric acid (IBA), and 2-methylbutyric acid (2-MBA) as the main off-flavor compounds. The mechanism controlling off-flavor release remains unclear. Therefore, soybean protein was used as a model to investigate off-flavor release by analyzing binding percentage, physicochemical properties, conformation, and interaction forces. The modification of off-flavor by phenolic compounds was also examined. Results showed that soybean protein bound over 90 % of the flavor compounds, including a 98.6 % binding rate for IVA. Binding between soybean protein and off-flavor compounds was confirmed by the formation of large aggregates, decreased surface hydrophobicity, and a structural transformation from α-helix to β-sheet. Hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions were identified as the primary interaction forces. Adding phenolic compounds significantly reduced soybean protein binding to flavor compounds. Phenolic compounds had a stronger binding affinity to soybean protein compared to flavor compounds and occupied binding sites on soybean protein, preventing flavor compound binding. L-epicatechin, (−)-epicatechin gallate, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate primarily occupied binding sites for 2-MBA, while ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid occupied sites for IVA, IBA, and 2-MBA. This research aids in controlling flavor release by soybean protein in food systems, supporting the development of nutrient-rich fermented foods.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
微生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
·
2021
·
IF 2.694
Bingjie Huo,Xiaomin Qiu,Hongru Zhang,Yaning Zhang,Jingwei Yang,Zhaoyou Zhu,Yinglong Wang,Jun Gao
Isoamyl butyrate is a common food additive. Water will be generated by esterification reaction in the process of its formation. Cyclohexane, n-hexane, and n-heptane are often selected as entrainers to remove water and promote the reaction. In this work, the vapor–liquid equilibrium data of the binary systems of isoamyl alcohol + isoamyl butyrate, cyclohexane + isoamyl butyrate, n-hexane + isoamyl butyrate, and n-heptane + isoamyl butyrate were determined by using a modified Rose vapor recirculating-type equilibrium still at 101.3 kPa. Fredenslund test and Van Ness point test methods are used to verify the thermodynamic consistency of the experimental vapor–liquid equilibrium data. In addition, three classical activity coefficient models, Wilson, NRTL, and UNIQUAC, were used to fit the isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium data of four binary systems. The binary interaction parameters were obtained by regression of experimental data.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
物理化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHIRALITY
·
2019
·Vol. 32
·期 2
·231-238
·
IF 1.927
Peng Wu,Mengjie Zhang,Yinjun Zhang,Zhao Wang,Jianyong Zheng
In this study, a novel lipase M5 derived from Aspergillus oryzae WZ007 was prone to exhibit high hydrolytic activity and stereoselectivity towards racemic substrate ( R , S )-ethyl 2-bromoisovalerate. ( R )-ethyl 2-bromoisovalerate was obtained by enzymatic resolution, which is the key chiral intermediate for highly efficient enantiomerically fluvalinate. The results showed that the enzymatic reaction was carried out in 120mM racemic substrate for 3 hours, the enantiomeric excess reached 98.6%, the conversion was 51.7%, and E value above 120. Therefore, the novel lipase M5 has the ability to efficiently produce ( R )-ethyl 2-bromoisovalerate, which greatly reduces the industrial production cost of the highly efficient counterpart of fluvalinate.
研究领域:
生物化学
·
工业微生物学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2023
·
IF 5.9
Qingsong Liu,Yanting Lin,Jianwen Li,Yunchun Wang,Shengnan Li,Huixi Bian,Wencheng Zhang,Zeyu Wu
In present study, a novel, efficient and environmental friendly microemulsion extraction method was established to extract lutein from marigold petals powder (MPP). The optimum microemulsion formulation was obtained by combining the screening of oils, co-surfactants and ternary phase diagram. Based on the saturation solubility of lutein, isoamyl acetate and n-propanol were selected as oil phase and co-surfactant, respectively. A 5 mL microemulsion consisting of Tween80/n-propanol/isoamyl acetate/water (36:36:18:10 wt%) was used for the extraction of lutein from 20 mg MPP, with the highest extraction efficiency of 95.17%. For lutein microemulsion, the average droplet size was 26.44 ± 0.17 nm, the polydispersity index was 0.37 ± 0.00 and Zeta potential was − 11.20 ± 0.26 mV. Compared with ethanol extract (EE), MPP microemulsion extract (LME) had higher stability under different temperature, pH, and storage time conditions. This study would provide a new alternative method for lutein extraction, and also could be expected to be applied for other poorly water-soluble ingredients.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
食品科学
·
药学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
·
2020
·
IF 2.627
Shanshan Pei,Xiaobo Ruan,Jia Liu,Wei Song,Xiulai Chen,Qiuling Luo,Liming Liu,Jing Wu
l -Amino acid deaminase (LAAD) is a key enzyme in the deamination of l -valine ( l -val) to produce α-ketoisovalerate (KIV). However, the product inhibition of LAAD is a major hindrance to industrial KIV production. In the present study, a combination strategy of modification of flexible loop regions around the product binding site and the avoidance of dramatic change of main-chain dynamics was reported to reduce the product inhibition. The four mutant PM-LAAD M4 (PM-LAAD S98A/T105A/S106A/L341A ) achieved a 6.2-fold higher catalytic efficiency and an almost 6.7-fold reduction in product inhibition than the wild-type enzyme. Docking experiments suggested that weakened interactions between the product and enzyme, and the flexibility of the “lid” structure relieved LAAD product inhibition. Finally, the whole-cell biocatalyst PM-LAAD M4 has been applied to KIV production, the titer and conversion rate of KIV from l -val were 98.5 g·L −1 and 99.2% at a 3-L scale, respectively. These results demonstrate that the newly engineered catalyst can significantly reduce the product inhibition, that making KIV a prospective product by bioconversion method, and also provide the understanding of the mechanism of the relieved product inhibition of PM-LAAD.
研究领域:
生物技术
·
酶学
·
生物化工
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
BIOPROCESS AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING
·
2020
·Vol. 43
·期 5
·831-838
·
IF 2.419
Liu Bin,Wang Xufeng,Zhao Jiahao,Qin Liehao,Shi Lei,Zhou Tao,Liu Shuang,Wang Chunling
Zygosaccharomyces rouxii referred as Yeast S is an important microorganism widely applied in traditional fermented food to accelerate flavor formation. Z. rouxii 3-2 referred as Yeast S 3-2 constructed previously is a new strain having higher salt tolerance than wild type. In this study, salt stress response of synthesis key flavor metabolites 3-methylthiopropanol, 2-phenylethyl alcohol, and isoamyl acetate in Yeast S and S 3-2 were investigated based on SPME–GC–MS and RT-qPCR. Analysis of GC–MS data showed that high salinity led to increase the contents of 3-methylthiopropanol and 2-phenylethyl alcohol both in Yeast S and Yeast S 3-2, while inhibited the synthesis of isoamyl acetate, and the induced effect on Yeast S 3-2 was more pronounced than Yeast S. Furthermore, the RT-qPCR results revealed that the salinity could enhance the genes expression of ARO10 and PDC1 , and stronger effect on Yeast S 3-2 than S. However, the gene expression of AFT1 was reduced in high-salt culture conditions, which was consistent with the results of GC–MS data. The results presented in this study can provide theoretical support of Z. rouxii 3-2 application during food fermentation.
研究领域:
微生物学
·
食品科学
·
分子生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）