Bacillus atrophaeus CAB-1 displays a high inhibitory activity against various fungal pathogens and suppresses cucumber powdery mildew and tomato gray mold. We extracted and identified lipopeptides and secreted proteins and volatile compounds produced by strain CAB-1 to investigate the mechanisms involved in its biocontrol performance. In vitro assays indicated all three types of products contributed to the antagonistic activity against the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea . Each of these components also effectively prevented the occurrence of the cucumber powdery mildew caused by Sphaerotheca fuliginea under greenhouse conditions. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry revealed that the major bioactive lipopeptide was fengycin A (C15–C17). We isolated the crude-secreted proteins of CAB-1 and purified a fraction with antifungal activity. This protein sequence shared a high identity with a putative phage-related pre-neck appendage protein, which has not been reported as an antifungal factor. The volatile compounds produced by CAB-1 were complex, including a range of alcohols, phenols, amines, and alkane amides. O -anisaldehyde represented one of the most abundant volatiles with the highest inhibition on the mycelial growth of B. cinerea . To our knowledge, this is the first report on profiling three types of antifungal substances in Bacilli and demonstrating their contributions to plant disease control.
Yan Wang,Shujuan Ma,Luwei Zhang,Na Zhang,Yanan Li,Junjie Ou,Yehua Shen,Mingliang Ye
Three monomers, octakis (3-mercaptopropyl) octasilsesquioxane, 1,2,4-trivinylcyclohexane and isophytol were employed to synthesize a novel monolithic stationary phase via photo-initiated thiol-ene click polymerization for reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Several factors such as porogenic system, reaction time and the molar ratio of functional groups were investigated in detail. The resulting poly(POSS- co -TVCH- co -isophytol) monolithic column exhibited suitable permeability for fast separation and outstanding thermal stability. Five alkylbenzenes were employed to evaluate the ability of chromatographic separation of the resulting monolithic columns at different flow rates, and showed the highest column efficiencies of 90,200–93,100 N/m (corresponding to 10.4–10.6 μm of plate height) at a velocity of 0.41 mm/s. The baseline separations of five anilines and eight phenols further proved the applicability of poly(POSS- co -TVCH- co -isophytol) monolithic column in the separation of small molecules.
Pd-catalyzed semihydrogenation of alkynols to enols is a pivotal industrial process for synthesizing fine chemicals like fragrances and vitamins. The selection of carbon-based supports is crucial due to their advantages in good chemical and thermal stability, tunable surface properties, and facile metal recovery via combustion. Herein, we constructed the wood-based monolithic carbon support with a sulfur-doped mesoporous carbon layer to anchor high-dispersed Pd nanoparticles. This mesoporous carbon layer was fabricated via co-polymerization of 2-thiophenemethanol and tetraethoxysilane monomers formed by decomposition of the tetrakis(2-thiophenemethoxy)silane on wood substrates, followed by pyrolysis, and removal of silica. The resultant Pd/C catalyst exhibited high catalytic activity (4323 mol mol Pd −1 h −1 ) and selectivity (93% at 99% conversion) under mild conditions (298 K, 2 bar H 2 ) in 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol (MBY) semihydrogenation. The thiophene-like sulfur and mesoporous framework synergistically promoted Pd dispersion, thereby boosting catalytic activity. Meanwhile, the electron-rich Pd 0 sites, which originated from electron donation of thiophene-like sulfur species, significantly enhanced catalytic selectivity. Additionally, the sulfur-modified monolithic catalyst presented good stability over five cycles and facile separation from the solution. It also displayed broad applicability in diverse alkynol semihydrogenation reactions, demonstrating high potential for liquid-phase catalytic applications. Graphical Surface sulfur-doped monolithic carbon with mesoporous structures is constructed to anchor high-dispersed Pd nanoparticles. Thiophene-like sulfur synergizes with mesopores to enhance Pd dispersions and donates electrons to form electron-enriched Pd sites, thereby boosting catalytic activity and selectivity. This monolithic design facilitates separation, demonstrating high potential for liquid-phase reactions.
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