Jun Zhang,Songying Qu,Lin Lin,Ruiquan Yu,Wutong Chen,Xiaoyan Li
Advanced oxidation processes represent effective approaches toward water purification, but they are often energy and chemical intensive. Here, we show a solar cell with a highly reactive microinterface for high-flux wastewater treatment with requirements for only water, oxygen, and sunlight. Experiments demonstrate that hydrogen peroxide is produced in a porous cathode via two-electron oxygen reduction and then flows to a porous photoanode surface, where it is instantly activated to hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH) by light and integrated with indigenous ⋅OH generated via one-electron water oxidation. Accordingly, a microscale region (∼150 μm for thickness) with high-density ⋅OH (∼2.5 mM) is successfully constructed but remains spatially constrained on the photoanode surface. Refractory pollutants (such as norfloxacin) pass through this microinterface successively and are degraded rapidly (>99% in ∼0.6-s retention time) due to violent collision between ⋅OH and targets, even after 360 h of long-term operation. Our findings highlight an innovative catalytic platform design scheme for efficient water purification.
Haojing Liu,Weiya Li,Hui Chang,Hongkai Hu,Shengrui Cui,Chunchao Hou,Wei Liu,Yongcheng Jin
To satisfy the demand for high safety and energy density in energy storage devices, all-solid-state lithium metal batteries with solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) replacing traditional liquid electrolytes and separators have been proposed and are increasingly regarded as one of the most promising candidates as next-generation energy storage systems. In this study, poly(vinylidene fluoride)-hexafluoropropylene/lignosulfonic acid (PVDF-HFP/LSA) composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) membranes with a micro area interface wetting structure were successfully prepared by incorporating LSA into the PVDF-HFP polymer matrix. The enhanced interaction between the polar functional group in LSA and the C═O in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) hinders the evaporation of solvent NMP, thus creating a micro area wetting structure, which offers a flexible region for the chain segment movement and enlarging the area of the amorphous zone in PVDF-HFP. From the results of IR and Raman spectroscopy, it was found that the presence of LSA induced unique ion transport channels created by the massive aggregated ion pair (AGG) and contact ion pair (CIP) of ion cluster structures composed of Li+ and multiple TFSI– and, at the same time, effectively reduced the crystallinity of the polymer electrolyte, hence further contributing to the Li+ diffusion. As a result, at a rate of 2 C, the Li|CPE-15|LiFePO4 solid-state battery delivers an initial discharge-specific capacity of 134.9 mAh g–1 and maintains stability with a retention of 84% during 400 charge–discharge cycles while the Li|CPE-0|LiFePO4 battery fails after only a few cycles at the same rate.
To date, the efficient photocatalytic conversion of CO 2 into high-value C2 products remains a great challenge. Herein, the Au-CeO 2 nanocomposite with Au-O-Ce sites at the micro-interface was developed to achieve a highly selective conversion of CO 2 into C 2 H 6 . This can be partially ascribed to the formation of key intermediates of COCO* was confirmed via in-situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, indicating that the Au-CeO 2 micro-interface could prompt the multi-electron reduction of CO* before desorption, and enable the production of C2 species. Moreover, theoretical calculations suggested that Au-O-Ce sites at the micro-interface could reduce the energy barriers for the formation of COOH* and COCO*, facilitating the production of C 2 H 6 . Therefore, the Au-CeO 2 nanocomposite exhibited a C 2 H 6 production rate of 11.07 µmol g −1 h −1 and high electron selectivity of 93.1 % (product selectivity: 65.3 %), which is comparable with most state-of-the-art photocatalysts.
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