Chao Zhu,Yiruo Huang,Ze Ding,Zarak Mahmood,Xingang Kong,Hongrui Ma,Xianbao Wang
Coking wastewater, characterized by high biological toxicity, poses significant challenges for traditional biological treatment methods. This study developed a novel in-situ immobilized photocatalytic-algae-bacteria consortia (P-ABC) system using a polyether polyurethane sponge as a carrier, aiming to enhance biological treatment efficiency for actual coking wastewater. Results showed a 16.8 % increase in algal density (up to 1.51 × 10⁵ cells/mL) in the P-ABC system compared to non-coupled controls, with significantly improved microbial metabolic activity, confirming the carrier's exceptional biocompatibility. Compared to standalone algae-bacteria consortia systems, the P-ABC system achieved higher removal efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand (COD Cr , 19.8 %), total organic carbon (TOC, 21.2 %), and total nitrogen (TN, 30.4 %). These findings validate the system's potential for improving stable and efficient treatment of industrial wastewater. Furthermore, this study offers insights into bio-enhanced treatment technologies and provides a reference pathway for integrating advanced oxidation and biological processes.
Aquaculture has expanded significantly in recent years, and the effluent it produces has had a significant negative impact on the environment. The survival and growth rates of aquaculture products may impact by the eutrophication of the water body if the effluent from aquaculture is not handled. In this study, chitosan-based aerogel was used as a carrier to immobilize the degrading bacteria, and the adsorption capacity of the carrier material for methyl blue was 1.30 mg·g −1 . The Caulerpa lentillifera was added to the shrimp tank at the same time as a biofilter , and a composite in-situ treatment system using microbes and macroalgae was built to handle the effluent from the mariculture industry to test the reduction rates of the nutrients from the wastewater. The outcomes demonstrated that the immobilized bacteria used had reduction rates of COD , NH 4 + and NO 2 − in wastewater that were 48.82%, 9.14% and 40.74% greater than those of the free bacteria, respectively. The reduction effect of macroalgae for nutrients in wastewater is also very ideal, in which the reduction rates of TP and TN reach 32.43% and 74.94% respectively. When the immobilized degrading bacteria and macroalgae are combined, the reduction rates of COD, TN and TP in water reach 68.61%, 59.03% and 34.25%. At the same time, the survival rate of shrimp and the biomass of macroalgae have increased to a positive extent, with increases of 12.5% and 140%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the introduction of immobilized degrading bacteria and macroalgae into the shrimp culture system can effectively reduce the accumulation of nutrients in the shrimp culture system and have a positive impact in a variety of ways.
This work investigated the cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in a thin-film flat plate photobioreactor under outdoor conditions and using digested piggery wastewater as the culture medium. The algal cells were able to adapt quickly to the wastewater and outdoor conditions. A specific growth rate of 0.12 day −1 was obtained in the exponential growth phase, which was slightly higher than that during indoor cultivation using artificial culture medium. Results showed that Chlorella vulgaris effectively removed TN, TP, and COD by 72.48%, 86.93%, and 85.94%. Due to the difference in culture conditions and phosphorus availability, the biomass from outdoor cultivation contained higher lipid content and more unsaturated fatty acids compared to indoor cultures, while the amino acid composition was unaffected. Results of metallic element assay indicated that the biomass cultured with wastewater conformed to the standards required for animal feed additive production. The overall cost of the biomass production in the thin-film flat plate photobioreactor (32.94 US$/kg) was estimated to be 4.67 times lower than that of indoor cultivation (154.04 US$/kg). Together, these results provide a basis for large-scale outdoor production of microalgae and wastewater bioremediation.
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